arthrology study of joints
DESCRIPTION
Structural Joint Classifications Based on anatomical characteristics Presence/absence of joint cavity Type of connective tissue that binds them Types Fibrous joint Cartilaginous joint Synovial jointTRANSCRIPT
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ArthrologyArthrologyStudy of JointsStudy of Joints
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Structural Joint Structural Joint ClassificationsClassifications Based on anatomical characteristicsBased on anatomical characteristics
Presence/absence of joint cavityPresence/absence of joint cavity Type of connective tissue that binds Type of connective tissue that binds
themthem TypesTypes
Fibrous jointFibrous joint Cartilaginous jointCartilaginous joint Synovial jointSynovial joint
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Fibrous JointsFibrous Joints Lacks a synovial cavityLacks a synovial cavity Bones are held together by Bones are held together by
fibrous connective tissuefibrous connective tissue Permit little to no movementPermit little to no movement TypesTypes
– SuturesSutures– SyndesmosesSyndesmoses– GomphosesGomphoses
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Cartilaginous JointsCartilaginous Joints Lacks a synovial cavityLacks a synovial cavity Allows little or no movementAllows little or no movement TypesTypes
– SynchondrosesSynchondroses– SymphysesSymphyses
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Synovial JointsSynovial Joints Joint cavity presentJoint cavity present Articular cartilageArticular cartilage Articular capsuleArticular capsule
– Synovial membraneSynovial membrane– Fibrous membraneFibrous membrane
Synovial fluidSynovial fluid LigamentsLigaments
– IntracapsularIntracapsular– ExtracapsularExtracapsular
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Types of synovial Types of synovial jointsjoints
Ball and socket Ball and socket jointjoint
Hinge jointHinge joint Saddle jointSaddle joint Pivot jointPivot joint Gliding jointGliding joint Condyloid jointCondyloid joint
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Functional Joint Functional Joint ClassificationsClassifications Based on type of movement they Based on type of movement they
permitpermit TypesTypes– Synarthrosis-Immoveable jointSynarthrosis-Immoveable joint
SuturesSutures– Amphiarthrosis-Slightly moveable jointAmphiarthrosis-Slightly moveable joint
Intervertebral jointsIntervertebral joints– Diarthrosis-Freely moveable jointDiarthrosis-Freely moveable joint
Shoulder, kneeShoulder, knee
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Synarthrodial JointSynarthrodial Joint Immovable jointImmovable joint Fibrous joint which can attenuate Fibrous joint which can attenuate
force with little or no movementforce with little or no movement ExamplesExamples
– SuturesSutures– Syndesmoses: radioulnar, Syndesmoses: radioulnar,
tibiofibulartibiofibular
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Synarthrodial Synarthrodial ExamplesExamples
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Amphiarthrodial JointAmphiarthrodial Joint Cartilagenous joint which Cartilagenous joint which
attenuates forcesattenuates forces ExamplesExamples
– Synchondroses: SC JointSynchondroses: SC Joint– Symphysis: Vertebral Joint, Pubic Symphysis: Vertebral Joint, Pubic
symphysissymphysis
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Amphiarthroidal Amphiarthroidal ExamplesExamples
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Diarthrodial JointDiarthrodial Joint Provides mobility by permitting Provides mobility by permitting
one body segment to rotate about one body segment to rotate about another.another.
Transmits forces from one Transmits forces from one segment to another.segment to another.
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Diarthrodial Joint Diarthrodial Joint AnatomyAnatomy Articular CartilageArticular Cartilage Articular CapsuleArticular Capsule
– Fibrous membraneFibrous membrane– Synovial membraneSynovial membrane
Synovial FluidSynovial Fluid LigamentLigament
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Diarthroidal ExamplesDiarthroidal Examples
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Diarthroidal Examples Diarthroidal Examples ctdctd
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StabilityStability Maintaining Joint integrityMaintaining Joint integrity Provided By:Provided By:
Joint constructionJoint construction LigamentsLigaments CapsuleCapsule TendonsTendons GravityGravity
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FlexibilityFlexibility The range of movement within a The range of movement within a
joint.joint. Affected By:Affected By:
Shape of the articular surfaceShape of the articular surface Muscle massMuscle mass Bony blocksBony blocks Muscle length/flexibilityMuscle length/flexibility Ligament length/flexibilityLigament length/flexibility AgeAge
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Range of Motion (ROM)Range of Motion (ROM) Types:Types:
– AROMAROM– PROMPROM
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LeversLevers Any elongated, rigid object that Any elongated, rigid object that
rotates around a fixed pointed rotates around a fixed pointed called a called a fulcrumfulcrum..
Rotation occurs when an Rotation occurs when an efforteffort applied to one point on the lever applied to one point on the lever overcomes a overcomes a resistanceresistance located at located at some other point.some other point.
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Lever ComponentsLever Components
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Levers and Mechanical Levers and Mechanical AdvantageAdvantage The function of a lever is to impart The function of a lever is to impart
an an advantageadvantage.. Advantages can be either:Advantages can be either:
– Exert more force against a resisting Exert more force against a resisting object than the force applied to the object than the force applied to the lever, for example: moving a boulder lever, for example: moving a boulder with a crowbar.with a crowbar.
– Move the resisting object farther and Move the resisting object farther and faster than the effort arm is moving.faster than the effort arm is moving.
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Classes of LeversClasses of Levers Determined by which component Determined by which component
(fulcrum, effort, resistance) is in (fulcrum, effort, resistance) is in the middlethe middle
Class I:Class I: BalanceBalance Class II: Class II: StrengthStrength Class III: Class III: Speed/ROMSpeed/ROM
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11stst Class Lever Class Lever ExamplesExamples
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22ndnd Class Lever Class Lever ExamplesExamples
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33rdrd Class Levers Class Levers ExamplesExamples