arthrology dr.vinit.k.ashok adjunct instructor. definition- arthrology is the scientific study of...
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ARTHROLOGY
DR.VINIT.K.ASHOK
ADJUNCT INSTRUCTOR
• DEFINITION- ARTHROLOGY IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF JOINTS , AND ARTICULATIONS.
• SITE WHERE RIGID ELEMEMTS OF THE SKELETON MEET ARE CALLED ARTICULATIONS.
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS:
A) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION:
B) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STRUCTURE
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
• SYNARTHROSES-IMMOVABLE JOINTS (sutures)
• AMPHIARTHROSES- SLIGHTLY MOVABLE JOINTS( FIBROUS CONNECTION)( intervetebral discs)
• DIARTHROSES-FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS( SYNOVIAL)
• SYNARTHROSES AND AMPHIARTHROSES ARE LARGELY RESTRICTED TO THE AXIAL SKELETON
• DIARTHROSES PREDOMINATE IN THE LIMBS
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STRUCTURE
• BASED ON THE MATERIAL THAT BINDS THE BONES TOGETHER, AND ON THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF JOINT CAVITY.
A) FIBROUS JOINTS
B) CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
C) SYNOVIAL JOINTS
FIBROUS JOINTS-
-BONES CONNECTED BY FIBROUS TISSUE
-no joint cavity
a) Sutures
b) Syndesmoses
c) Gomphoses
• CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS-
- THE BONES ARE UNITED BY CARTILAGE
- THERE IS NO JOINT CAVITY
a) Synchondrosis( hyaline cartilage unites the bones)
b) Symphyses( fibrocartilage unites the bones)
SYNOVIAL JOINTS-
-MOST MOVABLE JOINTS IN THE BODY
-THERE IS A JOINT CAVITY.( SYNOVIAL CAVITY, SYNOVIAL FLUID)
-ARTICULAR CARTILAGE( COVERS THE ENDS OF THE OPPOSING BONES)
-ARTICULAR CAPSULE( IT ENCLSES THE JOINT CAVITY.2 LAYERED)
-REINFORCING LIGAMENTS
-BURSAE
-MOVEMENT VS STABILITY
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
• 1. PLANE JOINTS-ARTICULAR SURFACES ARE PLNE AND ALLOW ONLY GLIDING MOVEMENTS
• 2. HINGE JOINTS-CYLINDRICAL SURFACE OF ONE JOINT FITS IN THE TROUGH SHAPE OF THE OTHER. ALLOW MOVEMENT AROUND 1 AXIS
• 3. PIVOT JOINTS- THE ROUNDED END OF ONE BONE FORMS INTO A RING FORMED BY THE OTHER BONE PLUS A LIGAMENT.MOVEMENT OCCURS IN 1 AXIS
• 4. CONDYLOID- THE EGG SHAPED SURFACE OF ONE BONE FITS INTO THE CONCAVE SURFACE OF THE OTHER .ALLOW MOVEMENT IN 2 AXIS
• 5.SADDLE-ARTICULAR SURFACES IF BOTH BONES ARE CONCAVE AND CONVEX( SADDLE) BIAXIAL JOINT.
• 6. BALL AND SOCKET-SPHERICAL HEAD OF ONE BONE FITS INTO THE SOCKET OF THE OTHER. MUTIAXIAL JOINT
synchodroses
SYMPHSIS
SYNOVIAL JOINT
BURSAE AND TENDON SHEATHS
ELBOW JOINT
BIAXIAL JOINT(CONDYLOID/ SADDLE JOINT)
MUTIAXIAL JOINTS(HIP JOINT)BALL AND SOCKET
BALL AND SOCKET
MOVEMENTS AT SYNOVIAL JOINTS(FLEXION/EXTENSION)
FLEXION/EXTENSION VETEBRAL COLUMN
FLEXION EXTESION LIMBS
ADDUCTION/ABDUCTION/CIRCUMDUCTION
INVERSION/EVERSION