art from 1850 to 1900
TRANSCRIPT
The 19th Century
1800 – 1900
(1850 to 1930)
Eugene DelacroixLiberty leading the People; Painted on 28 July 1830,
Chronology
• 1832 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph
• 1848 The Californian gold rush
• 1859 The publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species
• 1861 The outbreak of the American Civil War
• 1861 The serfs freed in Russia
• 1864 Henri Dunant founds the Red Cross
1869 The Sues Canal is opened1874 The first Impressionist exhibition is held in Paris1885 Karl Benz builds the first motor car1895 Marconi transmits the first wireless signal 1903 The Wright brothers make the first flight in an aircraft
1904 The Russo-Japanese War
1929 Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
Overview of 19th Century Art
• Neoclassical - 1750’s to 1800’s• Romanticism – 1800’s to 1850’s• Realism – 1840’s to Late 1800’s• Pre-Raphaelites- 1848• Impressionism – 1870’s to 1890’s• Post Impressionism – 1880’s to early 1900’s• Neo-impressionism 1886 - 1906• Fauvism - 1905• Cubism – 1907
Queen Victoria’s Movements
Lord LeightonOh for the Wings of a Dove
My House on the Thames, 2005
Joseph WrightThe Vacuum Pump
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
1848• Main artists
– William Holman Hunt– John Everett Millais – Dante Gabriel Rossetti – William Morris
• Characteristics of their work:– Great attention to detail– Bright coloursSubject matter – noble– Religious– Moralizing
• Characteristics of their movement– Seriousness– Sincerity– Truth to nature– Intent to raise the standard
of British art
John Everett MillaisOphelia
Dante Gabriel Rossetti Lady Lilith,
1867
Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones
The Love Song 1868–?1873
William Morris
Length of printed cotton, 19th–20th century
William Morris
"Pink and Rose" wallpaper design, ca. 1890
Biba
Antoine WiertzBuried Alive, 1854
Pierre-Étienne-Théodore Rousseau The Edge of the Woods at Monts-Girard, 1854
Charles-François Daubigny On the Banks of the Oise, 1864
Impressionists1874
• Characteristics of their work:• Short, broken brushstrokes• Pure unblended colours• Emphasis on the effects of light.• Modern subject matter
• Characteristics of the movement:• Embraced modern life • Incorporated new technology and ideas of
the time• Rejected the established styles of the
Academy• New clientele
• Monet• Pissarro• Claude Monet• Edgar Degas• Pierre-Auguste
Renoir • Berthe Morisot • Alfred Sisley• Camille Pissarro• Mary Cassatt
James WhistlerThe Peacock Room, 1876
Kano Sansetsu The Old Plum Edo period (1615–1868), ca. 1645
Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas
Dancers Practicing at the Bar 1877
Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas Dancers in the Rehearsal Room with a Double Bass, 1882–85
Mary Cassatt
Mother and Child (The Oval Mirror), ca. 1889
Kitagawa Utamaro
Midnight: The Hours of the Rat; Mother and Sleepy Child
Edo period (1615–1868), ca. 1790
Mary Cassatt
Maternal Caress1891
Dry point and soft-ground etching, third
state, printed in colour
Mary Cassatt Mother Playing with Child, ca. 1897
Post ImpressionismLate 1880’s
• Main artists– Paul Gauguin – Georges Seurat– Vincent van Gogh – Paul Cezanne
• Characteristics of their work:– Simplified colours – Definitive forms– Abstract tendencies
• Characteristics of the movement:– Breaking free from
naturalism– Expressing emotions – Themes of deeper
symbolism
Vincent Van GoghPortrait de Le Artist sans
Barbe, 1889
Paul GauguinNave Nave Moe, 1894
Maurice DenisSpring Landscape with Figures, 1897
Pierre BonnardInterieur, 1913
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Moulin Rouge - La Goulue, 1891
Neo-Impressionists1886 to 1906
• Main artists– Georges Seurat– Paul Signac– Maximilien Luce – Henri-Edmond Cross
• Characteristics of their work:– Placing dabs of pure colour
adjacent to one another
• Characteristics of the movement:– renounced the random
spontaneity of Impressionism
– Favoured more measured technique
– Influenced by scientific studies of the time
Georges SeuratLes Poseuses, 1887
Georges SeuratStudy for A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, 1884–85
Paul Signac Grand Canal, Venice, 1905
FauvismEarly 1900’s
• Main artists– Henri Matisse– André Derain – Maurice de Vlaminck– Georges Braque– Raoul Dufy.
• Characteristics of their work:– Bold undisguised
brushstrokes– High-key vibrant colour– Used coloured planes to
define space
• Characteristics of the movement:– First Avant-garde
movement to flourish in France
– First to break with Impressionism and with traditional methods of perception
– Subjective response to nature
– reject traditional three-dimensional space
Henri Matisse Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris Luxe, calme et volupté, 1904–5
Henri Matisse The Young
Sailor II, Summer–Winter
1906
Henri Matisse
San Francisco Museum of ArtWoman with a Hat, autumn 1905
RescanAndre Derain
La Tamise et Tower Bridge, 1906
Cubism• Main Artists:
– Pablo Picasso– Georges Braque – Paul Cezanne– Juan Gris
• Characteristics of the work:– Flat planes– Multiple viewpoints– No aerial perspective, but
multiple vanishing points– Emphasis on the
2dimensionality of the canvas
– Reduced objects into fractured forms
– Subjects were discernable early on and were further dissected in later years.
• Characteristics of the Movement:– Rejected the doctrine that
they should copy nature– Rejected traditional
perspective techniques
Paul CezanneStill Life with Apples, 1893
Georges BraqueVerre et as de Trefle, 1917
Pablo Picasso
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907
Pablo Picasso Girl Reading at a Table, 1934
Juan Gris Violin and Playing Cards, 1913
Marcel Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2), 1912
Once again…..
The End
for now……….
Expressionism
Edvard MunchThe Scream, 1893
Edvard MunchMadonna, 1893
Mikhail VrubelLilacs, 1900
Henri RousseauThe Merry Jesters,
1906
Wassily KandinskyCouple Riding a Horse 1907
Gustav Klimt
The Kiss, 1907
Egon SchieleLiegender Halbakt mit Rolem, 1910
Amedeo ModiglianiBeatrice Hastings Assise,
1915
Theo Van DoesburgVetrata Konpositie V in Lood,
1918
Paul Klee
Moonshine, 1919
Wassily Kandinsky
Ship and Red Sun, 1925
Joseph SimaMidday, 1928
Surrealism
Giorgio de ChiricoThe Song of Love,
1914
Rene MargritteUntitled, 1926
Salvador DaliAn Average Atmospherocephalic, 1933
The Enigma of Desire, 1929
1914 Henry Ford begins mass production of the Model ‘T’ Ford car1914 Outbreak of World War I1917 Start of the Russian Revolution1918 End of World War I1929 Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia established as new countries1924 The death of Lenin1926 Television is first successfully demonstrated in Britain
1933 Hitler becomes the German Chancellor
1937 The Japanese invasion of China
1939 The outbreak of World War II
1942 Nuclear chain reaction produced in Chicago by Enrico Fermi
1944 The production of the first digital computer
1945 End of World War II
1947 India and Pakistan become independent republics
1956 Soviet forces crush the uprising in Hungary
1957 The Treaty of Rome establishes the European Economic Community
1966 The Cultural Revolution begins in China