Art Basics

The Color Wheel ● Primary Colors: a group of colors from which all

other colors can be obtained by mixing.Ex: Yellow, Red, and Blue

● Secondary Colors: a color resulting from the mixing of two primary colors.Ex: Green, Orange, Violet

● Tertiary Colors: a color produced by an equal mixture of a primary color with a secondary color adjacent to it on the color wheel.Ex: Green-Yellow, Yellow-Orange, Orange-Red, Red-Violet, Violet-Blue, Blue-Green

Hot or Cold? Warm Colors: Yellow, Orange, Red(excitement)

Cool Colors: Green, Blue, Violet(calmness)

Complementary Colors Complementary Colors: Opposite colors on the color wheel

Focal Point: the center of interest or activity

Primary Colors: Red Green Blue Orange Purple Yellow

Christmas Halloween Lakers

Secondary Colors

● Secondary Colors: are formed from the mixture of two primary colors

RED + YELLOW= ORANGE YELLOW + BLUE= GREEN BLUE + RED= VIOLET

Tertiary Colors ● Tertiary Colors: made by mixing primary and secondary colors RED + VIOLET= RED-VIOLET BLUE + VIOLET= BLUE-VIOLET BLUE + GREEN= BLUE-GREEN YELLOW + GREEN= YELLOW-GREEN YELLOW + ORANGE= YELLOW-ORANGE

RED + ORANGE= RED-ORANGE

When saying the tertiary colors, it is proper to say the primary colors first, then the secondary and this makes the name of the tertiary colors

Local Colors Local Colors: Real-life lighting on colors

Optical Colors Optical Colors: Color in different lighting situations

Arbitrary Colors Arbitrary Colors: using abstract unrealistic color to represent emotion or purpose such as passion or love represented with red

Put on Your Shades Hue: Name of a color on the wheel

Shade: is composed of a color and black

Tint: is composed of a color and white

Impact of Values (sorry, no savings here)

Value: Lightness or darkness of a hue or a gray

Intensity: Purity of a hue (Primary colors are the purest)

Lines ● Line: Is the path of a point moving through

space that connects Point A to Point B ● Line is the most basic of all art elements! ● Lines can appear in various ways● Artists use lines to express ideas or feelings

visually

Perspective ● Perspective: the illusion of three dimensionality ● An artist can further the illusion by adding shading, highlights, and contours (the

visible borders) ● Artists manipulate the size of the objects to create a sense of perspective

○ Larger objects appear closer ○ Smaller objects appear farther

● Aerial Perspective: (atmospheric perspective) is a technique that makes it appear the viewer is above, looking down at the object!

● Linear Perspective: the visual phenomenon that the image is receding into the distance

Texture

Actual texture: touchable surface● Impasto: thick layers of paint

Visual texture: illusion of texture

Impasto

Positive/ Negative

Positive space: the “front” of the piece that becomes the center of interest

Negative space: the background of a piece

Shape and Form● Shape: what defines the two dimensional

area of an object ○ Ex: triangle (on paper)

● Form: objects that are three dimensional (having length, width, and depth) ○ Ex: pyramid (out of clay)

Art Art Art ● The formal qualities/basic visual components

of a work of art include: ○ line○ shape ○ form

● Formal analysis requires careful observation and description, often using the special vocabulary of art

○ space ○ color ○ texture

Processes and Techniques (Drawing) ● Drawing: is arguably the most basic of art processes. Using

tools to make marks on a surface● Shading: used to change values ● Hatching/ Crosshatching: using lines/ x motions to create the

illusion of shading (see image) ● Stippling: creating the illusion of shading with a series of

small dots placed close to one another

Processes and Techniques (Printmaking) ● Screen Prints: a process that includes a screen that the image is created on (in

negative) and using light sensitive chemicals, the image appears on the screen. It is applied to a surface while paint is spread over the top. The paint sinks through the screen when the chemicals did not appear and the image is successfully transferred (the screen can be reused to make multiple images)

● Relief printmaking: The artist cuts away parts from the surface of the plate and the remaining image is transferred. The plate image is negative so when transferred it appears the right way

● Intaglio Printmaking: The image is cut into the plate and no transfer is made (etching or engraving)

● Lithography: is a process in which the image is drawn with a xaxy pencil onto a plate. The greasy image hardens and the plate is saturated in water. The ink is applied, the waxy pencil resists the water and ink and the image is transfered

Art Art Art ● Composition: refers to the artist’s organization of the elements or art,

whether in two or three-dimensional works● Rhythm: the principal associated with movement or pattern. Artists create a

sense of movement or rhythm with repetition ● Balance: refers to the equal distribution of visual weight in a work of art.

The easiest way to achieve balance is through symmetry ● Proportion: refers to the size relationship among the parts of a composition ● Scale: refers to the dimensional relation of the parts of a work in its entirety

Quiz

1. What is impasto? 2. Art’s most basic element?3. What three colors are the MOST intense? 4. Footprints form a(n) __________?

Answers

Well How Do I Analyze Art?

Well, I’ll Tell Ya!Step 1: Describe what you see● Physical details- colors, space (positive and negative) ● Most interesting/unusual parts

Step 2: Analyze its Organization ● formal art elements- movement, center of interest, balance, unity, variety

Step 3: Interpret What the Piece is Saying● mood or feeling● What is the artist trying to communicate with you? ● What do YOU think it means

Step 4: Evaluate Its Success ● originality● does this piece make you think of another piece of art you know? ● Is it a good piece of art? (Remember: You DO NOT have to like the art for it to be a

good piece)-- does it communicate emotion/ideas well?

Try It Out!! Talk with your neighbors about what you see, The Scream by Edvard Munch using the 4-step method Remember: 1. Describe what you see 2. Analyze the piece 3. Interpret what the artist was saying 4. Ask if it is successful

I will ask 2-4 volunteers to come to the front of the class to present their analysis to the class for candy!

Take as little or as many notes as desired

Homework

Here Is What I Want You To Do… ● Don’t panic! Memorizing the steps ARE NOT

on the test, but rather a way to see art ● You should view ALL art this way! ● It helps you “see like an artist”

● For in class work, discuss in groups or to the class about specific works when instructed

● It’s as easy as that!

Processes and Techniques (Painting) ● Paint is usually composed of three different materials:

pigments, binders, solvents ● Pigments: are finely ground materials that may be natural or

synthetic ● Binders: holds the grains of pigments together allowing the

paint to adhere to the surface ● Solvents: (such as oil or water) can be added to change the

consistency of the paint or alter its drying time ● Fresco: applying paint into wet plaster so the mural and the

wall becomes one ● Tempera: is a water-based paint. Traditional tempera uses

egg as a base

Painting Cont...● Glazes: thin transparent or semi-transparent layers that are

applied over another color to alter it slightly ● Encaustic: wax-based paints● Gouache: is a water-based opaque paint similar to the water-

based tempera. Gouache has a heavier body and dries more slowly than watercolor

● Watercolor: The most common, transparent water-based paint.

● Acrylic Paint: made from synthetic materials, plastics, and polymers

Processes and Techniques (Photography) ● Developed during the mid-nineteenth century ● Rapidly became a popular way to document the likeness of

people and scenes ● At first, painters felt pressure to compete with the camera by

achieving a higher degree of realism ● Ultimately, artists felt less of a need to confine themselves to

naturalistic styles of painting and felt encouraged to explore forms of art that were beyond the reach of cameras

● Originally, not considered an art form until the twentieth centuries

Processes and Techniques (Sculpture) ● Created in four ways-- carving, modeling, casting, and

construction ● Freestanding: a form that is NOT attached to a surface ● Reliefs: may be carved into surfaces such as wood of doors or

stone of walls ● Carving: cutting away material to reveal the subject

(subtractive process) ● Modeling: (additive process) ● Cast Form: The original form is encased in plaster to create a

mold and then is filled ●

Processes and Techniques (Mixed Media) ● Collage: is a kind of mixed media in which artists combine

various materials such as photographs or virtually and materials that can be adhered to a surface

● Assemblages: A collection of found objects both two and three-dimensional to create visual, metaphorical, and/or symbolic statements

Processes and Techniques (Performance)

● Performance Art: is in which the artist engages in some form of a performance that often times involves the audience that creates a reaction or stimulates and emotion for the viewer

Processes and Techniques (Architecture) ● Architecture: is the art and science of

designing and constructing buildings ● Post and lintel: the technique of using long

wooden or stone beams that are placed horizontally across upright roofs

Please ask any questions you may have!