art appreciation-chapter10

Sculpture

Chapter 10

Sculpture

• Sculpture- 3 dimensional artwork created to exist in space as we do

• Sculpture in the round-a freestanding sculpture that can be seen from any side

• Relief- a sculpture that is not free standing, but projects from a background– Low relief/bas relief-the projection from the

background is slight, like a coin

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Apollo. c. 415 B.C.E.Diameter 1-1/8".

Angkor Wat


Army on the March. Relief from Angkor Wat, The Great Temple of the Khmers, Cambodia. 1100–1150.

Angkor Wat

• Angkor wat- literally means city temple• Originally built as a temple to the Hindu

god Vishnu• Became a Buddhist temple• Army on the March is a delicate low

relief carved in stone• Notice the rhythm of the spears and it’s

contrast with the curving foliage

Corporate Wars: Wall of Influence

• By: Robert Longo

• High relief sculpture-more than half the natural circumference of the modeled form projects from the surface

• Figures are often undercut


Robert Longo. Corporate Wars: Wall of Influence. Middle portion. 1982.7' × 9'.

Modeling

• Additive process-a pliable material, such as wax, clay, plaster is built up and pushed into a final form

• Armature-a stiff inner support that keeps the material from sagging


Ballplayer with Three-Part Yoke and Bird Headdress. Maya Classic Period. A.D. 600–800.

34.2 × 17.8 cm.


Robert Arneson. California Artist. 1982.68-1/4" × 27-1/2" × 20-1/4" (173.4 × 69.9 × 51.4 cm).


Ken Price. Vink. 2009.9" × 20" × 11".

Casting

• Allows the artist to make the piece on a pliable material like clay or wax and then convert it into a permanent material like bronze– Mold-a mold is made of the original work and then

the new material is poured into the mold – Traditional a cast is made using metal, but now

there are new resins and plastics used to create very realistic surfaces


Charles Ray. Self-Portrait. 1990.75" × 26" × 20".


Kaz Oshiro. Tailgate (OTA). 2006.53" × 17-7/8" × 1-3/4". Bottom edge 12" from wall.


Rachel Whiteread. Public Art Fund Watertower Project. 1997.12' high, 9' diameter.

Carving

• Carving– Subtractive process-removing parts of the

original material to reveal the sculpture– This type of sculpture is very unforgiving,

mistakes are hard or impossible to correct– Different types of stone dictate different

types of carvings

Stones Wood

• Marble is a tradition material that is soft and relatively stable, but can be damaged in weather

• Granite is great for outdoors, but is hard to carve fine detail into because of it’s hardness

• Sandstone/limestone is easy to carve but will be worn down by weather

• Jade was used in China. Beautiful but can crack easily

• Basalt is a rough stone used in many Mexican Olmecs that is hard to carve detail into

• Walnut and cypress are strong woods often preferred

• Joint block construction-different parts of the sculpture are carved separately and then put together


Michelangelo Buonarroti. Awakening Slave. 1530–1534.Height 9'.


Massive Stone Head. 12th–10th Centuries B.C.E. Olmec.Height 65".


Elizabeth Catlett. Mother and Child #2. 1971.Height 38".


Guanyin of the Southern Sea (Nanhai Guanyin). Chinese. 11th–12th Century, Liao Dynasty (907–1125).

95" × 65" (241.3 × 165.1 cm).

Constructing and Assembling

• In the past, the accepted forms of traditional sculpture were modeling, carving and casting

• Assemblage and constructed pieces are, made from multiple parts or materials and assembled in a new way– Ex: welding, nailing, gluing…

• Found object art-using old or abandoned objects to create an artwork


Deborah Butterfield. Conure. 2007.92-1/2" × 119" × 30" (235 × 302.3 × 76.2 cm).


Marc André Robinson. Throne for the Greatest Rapper of All Time. 2005. 76" × 69" × 48".

Kinetic Sculpture

• Kinetic Sculpture-a sculpture that moves

Mixed Media

• Mixed media-using multiple types of materials to create one artwork


Lara Schnitger. Grim Boy. 2005.71" × 59" × 20".


Matthew Monahan. The Seller and the Sold. 2006.67" × 25" × 25".

Installations and Site-Specific Art

• Installation- transforms a space into the artwork


Richard Serra. Tilted Arc. 1981. Height 12'.


Olaf Eliasson. The Weather Project (The Unilever Series). 2003.26.7 m × 22.3 m × 155.4 m.

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