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Supplemental Material:
Assessment of health burden caused by particulate matter in
southern China using high-resolution satellite observation
Xingcheng Lu, Changqing Lin, Ying Li, Teng Yao, Jimmy C.H. Fung, Alexis K.H. Lau
Correspondence to: Changqing Lin ([email protected]), Jimmy C.H. Fung ([email protected])
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Table S1. Evaluation of the satellite-retrieved annual PM10 and PM2.5 for each studied city in 2013.
PM10 PM2.5
Region N RMSE (µg/m3)
Mean bias (µg/m3)
Mean percentage
bias (%)
N RMSE (µg/m3)
Mean bias (µg/m3)
Mean percentage
bias (%)GZ 10 5.7 -2.7 ± 5.0 -3.4 ± 6.7 12 5.9 -2.4 ± 5.4 -4.4 ± 11.0FS 9 17.7 -8.3 ± 15.6 -7.3 ± 16.7 9 6.5 0.5 ± 6.5 1.7 ± 12.8DG 6 7.6 5.6 ± 5.1 8.9 ± 8.1 6 2.8 1.7 ± 2.3 3.6 ± 5.0ZS 4 6.1 5.1 ± 3.2 8.1 ± 5.4 4 4.9 -3.7 ± 3.2 -7.2 ± 6.3ZH 3 3.1 1.7 ± 2.6 2.6 ± 3.9 3 5.3 4.3 ± 3.0 11.1 ± 7.4SZ 12 5.8 0.6 ± 5.8 1.3 ± 9.4 12 3.7 1.3 ± 3.5 3.2 ± 8.7ZQ 4 26.7 -25.0 ± 9.1 -28.6 ± 6.8 4 11.1 -11.0 ± 1.7 -20.3 ± 2.6JM 5 11.3 -9.6 ± 5.8 -11.8 ± 6.7 5 7.0 -6.6 ± 2.3 -12.7 ± 4.1HZ 6 8.1 -0.1 ± 8.1 0.5 ± 13.3 6 4.8 1.8 ± 4.4 4.6 ± 11.9HK 11 9.7 9.0 ± 3.7 19.1 ± 7.7 11 3.8 2.2 ± 3.1 7.5 ± 9.2
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Table S2: 95% confidence interval of mortality due to long-term exposure to PM2.5
Stroke
HZ GZ FS DG JM SZ ZS ZQ HK ZH
2004 (300-1,500) (1,500-5,900) (900-3,600) (900-3,500) (700-2,800) (300-1,200) (400-1,600) (500-2,000) (900-3,600) (100-500)
2005 (400-1,500) (1,500-5,700) (800-2,900) (800-3,300) (600-2,200) (300-1,200) (300-1,000) (500-2,000) (900-3,800) (100-400)
2006 (400-1,700) (1,500-5,800) (900-3,500) (800-3,200) (700-2,600) (200-1,000) (200-900) (500-2,000) (900-3,700) (100-400)
2007 (500-1,900) (1,700-6,500)(1,000-
3,900)(900-3,300) (900-3,600) (300-1,100) (200-700) (500-2,100) (900-3,800) (100-600)
2008 (500-1,900) (1,800-6,900)(1,000-
3,800)
(1,000-
3,700)(900-3,400) (300-1,000) (100-500) (500-2,000)
(1,000-
4,100)(100-500)
2009 (400-1,700) (1,700-6,800)(1,000-
3,800)(900-3,600) (700-2,900) (200-900) (100-600) (500-1,900) (900-3,900) (100-500)
2010 (400-1,800) (1,900-7,500)(1,400-
5,200)
(1,000-
4,100)(900-3,500) (200-900) (300-1,000) (600-2,200) (900-3,900) (100-400)
2011 (500-1,900) (1,800-7,300)(1,000-
4,000)
(1,100-
4,200)(800-3,300) (300-1,100) (200-900) (600-2,300)
(1,000-
4,000)(100-400)
2012 (500-2,100) (2,000-8,000)(1,200-
4,600)
(1,100-
4,400)
(1,200-
4,800)(400-1,400) (100-600) (700-3,000)
(1,000-
4,100)(100-600)
2013 (500-1,900) (1,800-7,300)(1,000-
4,000)
(1,000-
4,100)(800-3,100) (300-1,200) (300-1,000) (500-2,200)
(1,000-
4,200)(100-400)
COPD
HZ GZ FS DG JM SZ ZS ZQ HK ZH
2004 (100-400) (600-1,800) (400-1,100) (300-1,000) (200-700) (100-300) (100-400) (100-500) (200-800) (30-100)
2005 (100-400) (500-1,700) (300-900) (300-900) (200-600) (80-300) (80-200) (100-500) (200-800) (30-90)
2006 (100-500) (500-1,700) (300-1,000) (300-900) (200-700) (70-200) (70-200) (100-500) (200-800) (30-100)
2007 (200-500) (600-2,000) (400-1,200) (300-900) (300-1,000) (80-300) (60-200) (200-500) (200-900) (40-100)
2008 (100-500) (700-2,100) (400-1,100) (300-1,000) (300-900) (80-300) (40-100) (100-500) (300-900) (40-100)
2009 (100-500) (600-2,000) (400-1,100) (300-1,000) (200-800) (60-200) (40-100) (100-400) (200-800) (30-100)
2010 (100-500) (700-2,200) (500-1,500) (300-1,100) (300-900) (60-200) (80-200) (200-500) (200-900) (30-90)
2011 (100-500) (600-2,100) (400-1,200) (300-1,100) (300-900) (80-300) (70-200) (200-500) (200-900) (20-80)
2012 (100-600) (700-2,300) (400-1,300) (300-1,200) (300-1,200) (100-300) (40-100) (200-700) (200-900) (40-100)
2013 (100-500) (600-2,100) (400-1,100) (300-1,100) (200-800) (90-300) (80-200) (100-500) (300-1,000) (30-90)
IHD
HZ GZ FS DG JM SZ ZS ZQ HK ZH
2004 (300-600) (1,300-2,900) (800-1,800) (800-1,800) (600-1,400) (300-600) (400-900) (500-1,100) (900-2,000) (100-300)
2005 (300-600) (1,200-2,700) (700-1,500) (700-1,700) (500-1,100) (300-600) (200-500) (500-1,100) (900-2,000) (100-200)
2006 (300-700) (1,200-2,800) (800-1,800) (700-1,600) (600-1,300) (200-500) (200-500) (500-1,100) (900-2,000) (100-200)
2007 (400-800) (1,400-3,100) (900-2,000) (700-1,700) (800-1,900) (300-600) (200-400) (500-1,200) (1,000- (100-300)
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2,000)
2008 (400-800) (1,500-3,300) (900-1,900) (800-1,900) (800-1,800) (200-500) (100-300) (500-1,100)(1,000-
2,200)(100-300)
2009 (400-700) (1,400-3,200) (800-1,900) (800-1,800) (700-1,500) (200-500) (100-300) (500-1,000)(1,000-
2,000)(100-300)
2010 (400-800) (1,600-3,500)(1,200-
2,600)(900-2,000) (800-1,800) (200-500) (200-500) (600-1,200)
(1,000-
2,000)(100-200)
2011 (400-800) (1,500-3,400) (900-2,000) (900-2,100) (800-1,700) (300-500) (200-500) (600-1,200)(1,000-
2,100)(90-200)
2012 (400-900) (1,700-3,700)(1,000-
2,200)
(1,000-
2,200)
(1,100-
2,400)(300-700) (100-300) (800-1,600)
(1,000-
2,200)(100-300)
2013 (400-800) (1,500-3,400) (900-2,000) (900-2,100) (700-1,600) (300-600) (200-500) (500-1,200)(1,100-
2,300)(100-200)
LC
HZ GZ FS DG JM SZ ZS ZQ HK ZH
2004 (30-200) (200-900) (100-600) (100-600) (90-500) (40-200) (60-300) (70-300) (100-600) (20-80)
2005 (30-200) (200-900) (100-500) (100-500) (70-400) (40-200) (40-200) (70-300) (100-600) (10-70)
2006 (40-200) (200-900) (100-600) (100-500) (80-400) (30-200) (30-200) (70-300) (100-600) (10-70)
2007 (50-300) (200-1,000) (200-600) (100-500) (100-600) (30-200) (30-100) (80-400) (100-600) (20-100)
2008 (50-300) (200-1,100) (100-600) (100-600) (100-600) (30-200) (20-80) (70-300) (100-700) (20-90)
2009 (40-200) (200-1,000) (100-600) (100-600) (90-500) (30-100) (20-100) (60-300) (100-600) (10-80)
2010 (40-300) (200-1,100) (200-800) (100-600) (100-600) (30-100) (40-200) (70-400) (100-600) (10-70)
2011 (40-300) (200-1,100) (100-600) (100-700) (100-500) (30-200) (30-100) (70-400) (100-600) (10-60)
2012 (50-300) (200-1,200) (100-700) (100-700) (100-700) (40-200) (20-100) (90-500) (100-700) (20-100)
2013 (50-300) (200-1,100) (100-600) (100-700) (90-500) (40-200) (40-200) (70-400) (100-700) (10-70)
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Table S3: 95% confidence interval of hospital admission and outpatient visit due to exposure to PM10 (×100)
Admission
×100 HZ GZ FS DG JM SZ ZS ZQ ZH
2004 (0-44) (0-340) (0-200) (0-150) (0-92) (0-160) (0-93) (0-31) (0-33)
2005 (0-53) (0-390) (0-200) (0-170) (0-96) (0-180) (0-100) (0-33) (0-36)
2006 (0-67) (0-480) (0-260) (0-210) (0-120) (0-220) (0-130) (0-42) (0-45)
2007 (0-81) (0-510) (0-280) (0-240) (0-120) (0-240) (0-130) (0-47) (0-49)
2008 (0-94) (0-580) (0-320) (0-270) (0-140) (0-270) (0-150) (0-61) (0-56)
2009 (0-110) (0-700) (0-370) (0-310) (0-170) (0-290) (0-170) (0-69) (0-63)
2010 (0-110) (0-740) (0-400) (0-330) (0-190) (0-330) (0-200) (0-70) (0-71)
2011 (0-98) (0-740) (0-380) (0-290) (0-170) (0-300) (0-190) (0-71) (0-63)
2012 (0-110) (0-800) (0-400) (0-310) (0-190) (0-340) (0-200) (0-75) (0-69)
2013 (0-120) (0-840) (0-420) (0-330) (0-210) (0-360) (0-210) (0-85) (0-75)
Visit
×100 HZ GZ FS DG JM SZ ZS ZQ ZH
2007 (0-2,700) (0-10,000) (0-6,800) (0-7,400) (0-3,600) (0-8,000) (0-2,700) (0-2,100) (0-5,000)
2008 (0-3,200) (0-12,000) (0-7,700) (0-8,400) (0-3,900) (0-9,000) (0-3,100) (0-2,300) (0-5,400)
2009 (0-3,900) (0-15,000) (0-9,500) (0-10,000) (0-4,800) (0-10,000) (0-3,800) (0-2,700) (0-5,900)
2010 (0-3,800) (0-15,000) (0-9,600) (0-10,000) (0-4,900) (0-11,000) (0-4,100) (0-2,600) (0-6,100)
2011 (0-3,500) (0-15,000) (0-9,300) (0-9,600) (0-4,500) (0-10,000) (0-3,800) (0-2,800) (0-5,900)
2012 (0-3,900) (0-16,000) (0-10,000) (0-10,000) (0-5,000) (0-11,000) (0-4,100) (0-2,900) (0-6,400)
2013 (0-4,200) (0-16,000) (0-10,000) (0-11,000) (0-5,400) (0-12,000) (0-4,500) (0-3,200) (0-7,000)
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Table S4: Calculated morbidity sensitivity for population and crude morbidity rate
a: Keep the population the same with that in 2004 during the 10 years period.b: Keep the crude morbidity rate the same with that in 2004 during the 10 years period.
Table S5: The uncertainty of PM2.5 caused premature mortality over the PRD region (95%)
Resulta PM2.5b RRc
2004 36,000 (27,000-42,000) (16,000-51,000)2005 33,000 (22,000-38,000) (14,000-46,000)2006 34,000 (26,000-40,000) (15,000-48,000)
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Admission VisitCon-Popa Con-Rateb Con-Popa Con-Rateb
2004 39,000 39,000 \ \2005 43,000 39,000 \ \2006 51,000 46,000 \ \2007 53,000 46,000 2,100,000 2,100,0002008 58,000 49,000 2,300,000 2,200,0002009 65,000 55,000 2,600,000 2,500,0002010 66,000 56,000 2,600,000 2,500,0002011 63,000 50,000 2,400,000 2,200,0002012 67,000 49,000 2,600,000 2,200,0002013 71,000 50,000 2,800,000 2,300,000
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2007 38,000 (27,000-43,000) (17,000-53,000)2008 39,000 (27,000-45,000) (17,000-54,000)2009 36,000 (26,000-42,000) (16,000-51,000)2010 42,000 (30,000-49,000) (18,000-59,000)2011 40,000 (28,000-47,000) (17,000-56,000)2012 45,000 (29,000-54,000) (19,000-64,000)2013 40,000 (28,000-47,000) (17,000-57,000)
a: Calculated total premature mortality caused by PM2.5 over the PRD region.b: The uncertainty of total mortality derived by 20% of error in satellite retrieved PM2.5 data. c: The uncertainty of total mortality derived by the range of RR used in this study.
(a)
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(b)Figure S1. Inter-annual variation in spatial distribution of the satellite-retrieved and ground-observed (a) PM10 and (b) PM2.5 concentration in the PRD from 2004 to 2013.
(a) (b)Figure S2. Evaluation of the satellite-retrieved annual (a) PM10 and (b) PM2.5 against ground measurement in the PRD from 2004 to 2013.
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(a)
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(b)Figure S3. Inter-annual variation in the average of ground-observed (a) PM10 and (b) PM2.5
concentration at all available stations in each studied city.
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