arnold bregt from gis-application to geo- knowledge infrastructure
TRANSCRIPT
Arnold Bregt
From GIS-application to geo-knowledge infrastructure
Two Developments
Two from data to knowledge
From vertical to horizontal information systems
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Framework
Vertical Horizontal
Data
Information
Knowledge
Framework
Vertical Horizontal
Data Geo-data
Information
Knowledge
Geo-data Collected with
geographical phenomena in mind
e.g. water, soil, topography
One responsible organization
From 1960 conversion from analog to digital
In NL government 25 000 geo-datasets
Framework
Vertical Horizontal
Data Geo-data
Information Geographical information system (GIS)
Knowledge
Geographical Information systems (GIS) GIS applications for a
specific problem or question
Started around 1980 Special software (e.g.
Esri) Applied within one org. Development and
maintenance of applications expensive
Problem: changing questions
Framework
Vertical Horizontal
Data Geo-data
Information Geographical information system (GIS)
Knowledge Spatial Decision Support system (SDSS)
Spatial decision support systems
Started around 1990 Data, processing and
knowledge Data integration and for
specific domains
Problems: not really used by decision makers
Decision making is complex
condition
suitability
scenario
quality
Framework
Vertical Horizontal
Data Geo-data Spatial Information Infrastructure (SDI)
Information Geographical information system (GIS)
Knowledge Spatial Decision Support system (SDSS)
Spatial data infrastructure
Started around 1991(Canada) Clinton order in 1994 The same data for many applications
(horizontal) GI becomes a policy and organization issue Standards are crucial (ISO, OGC, W3C)
Problem very data driven
Definitions of SDI
Utility view: SDI is a network facility for accessing and sharing spatial data.
Component view: spatial data, standards, policies and service technology and institutional framework
Utility and goal: a network facility for advancing knowledge in a given context through accessing and sharing spatial data
3-D BaseMap
(Cache)
2-D Base Map
(Cache)
Open Web
Services
TrackingServices
GIS DataData
Streams
Browser
Catalog Services
Catalog
Mobile
Desktop GIS
Geo-processing
Services • Search• Channels • Link Browser
Map• Download:• ArcGIS Explorer• Toolbar for ArcMap• …• Collaboration
Web Services Platform
2-D &* 3-DDesktop Viewers
Enterprise GeoPortal Data Warehouse
GeoPortal
Client Applications
Access Network Component
0102030405060708090
1994
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1999
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2001
2002
2003
2004
# cl
eari
ngho
uses
# nationalclearinghousesimplementedCumulative
Which countries are involved?
ASDD GeoInsight Portal
Framework
Vertical Horizontal
Data Geo-data Spatial Information Infrastructure (SDI)
Information Geographical information system (GIS)
Geo-information Infrastructure (GII)
Knowledge Spatial Decision Support system (SDSS)
Move from data to services
User oriented Started 2002 View services, but
others identified Some organizations are
also implementing (RWS)
Called “second generation infrastructures”
Current INSPIRE Geoportal
Framework
Vertical Horizontal
Data Geo-data Spatial Information Infrastructure (SDI)
Information Geographical information system (GIS)
Geo-information Infrastructure (GII)
Knowledge Spatial Decision Support system (SDSS)
Geo-knowledge Infrastructure (GKI)
Geo-knowledge infrastructure Still on the drawing
board!
Technical component: Knowledge components for certain functions (knowledge agents)
Human component: training experience, collaboration experiments
End-user
WMS
Single Service
WMS
WFS
Multiple ServiceSame Data
CoordTrans.
Service OnlyNo Data
FTP
Data OnlyNo Service
Catalog
CatalogService
InventoryAccess
http://ceos.org100,50,2300,75.4X=56
Directory
Inventory
LargeData System
i n t e r n e t
Knowledge Services
Knowledge Services
Thank you !
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