arizona’s public water system screening for

NOVEMBER 2018

Arizona’s Public Water System Screening for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Final Report

PFOA - PFOS REPORT | 3

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Background .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Results and Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Potential Actions .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

What can the EPA do to help? ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7

Appendices:

A - Flow Chart .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

B - Timeline ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

C - Expenditures and Cost ................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

D - Screening Results ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 13

E - County Results ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

F - Maps ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

G - Draft Public Notice .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 19

H - Current Status of ADEQ’s Work with Impacted PWSs ......................................................................................................................... 20

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4 | PFOA - PFOS REPORT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) prepared this report for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to fulfill the requirements of a multi-purpose grant. The purpose of the grant was to screen Public Water System (PWS) drinking water wells in Arizona potentially impacted by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and/or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) contamination.

The project focus was on PWSs near facilities that currently or historically may have used PFOA/PFOS. This included industrial, firefighting training facilities, manufacturing, airports and military sites. Research indicated that PFOA/PFOS compounds were not used on large-scale industrial applications in Arizona. There are no known facilities in Arizona that have manufactured these chemicals.

Data from facility analysis and sampling indicate that PFOA/PFOS are not widespread throughout Arizona and tends to be localized near potential sources.

For sample analysis, ADEQ used the EPA Health Advisory of 70 parts per trillion (ppt) for PFOA/PFOS. This equates to approximately 1 drop in 18 million gallons of water.

Results of Sampling

89 were non-detect (no PFOA/PFOS)

14 were below the EPA Health Advisory

6 were above the EPA Health Advisory

Project Scope:

94.5% of wells sampled were

non-detect for PFOA/PFOS or below the EPA Health

Advisory

109 samples collected from drinking water well heads.

68 Public Water Systems in 12 counties.

Total number of PWSs in Arizona is more than 1500.

$120,822


BACKGROUND PFOA/PFOS are man-made chemicals that have been manufactured and used in a variety of industries since the 1940s. The compounds can be found in firefighting foams, food packaging, stain and water-repellent fabrics, Teflon™ and chemicals used at paper mills.

A growing awareness nationally about these chemicals and Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 3 (UCMR3) data sparked ADEQs interest in taking proactive steps to determine if these constituents were present in Arizona drinking water wells. ADEQ was awarded an EPA multi-purpose grant of $120,822 on August 22, 2016 to sample PWS drinking water wells to determine if they had been impacted with PFOA/PFOS. The purpose of the grant was to further investigate potential risk to PWS drinking water wells that were not previously sampled that could be impacted by PFOA/PFOS contamination.*

*Data for this project came from sampling PWS drinking water well heads; whereas, UCMR3, samples were collected at the entrance to the distribution system.

METHODOLOGYADEQ developed GIS maps, which showed facilities that currently or historically may have used PFOA/PFOS. ADEQ used Standard In-dustrial Classification Codes (SIC) and conducted extensive research to identify these facilities. Based on hydrogeologic data, ADEQ then identified PWS drinking water well locations within a two-mile radius of the facility. Non-regulated water systems were not included in this screening as that was outside the scope of this project.

Selection criteria for sampling was determined by:

• Aquifer characteristic evaluations of groundwater velocities and flow direction where adequate information was available.

• Well construction data evaluations to determine regional subsurface lithology.

• Flow direction analysis to identify wells located up gradient, cross gradient and down gradient of flow directions to ensure all wells that may have been impacted were sampled since local groundwater movement often varies from regional flow direction.

PWSs in this screening varied in number of customers served (Figure 1, pg 6). ADEQ identified 162 PWS drinking water wells for screening (Figure 2, pg 6). ADEQ determined 100 wells at 68 different PWSs met the selection criteria for sampling. ADEQ also received data from some PWSs for 9 additional wells (Figure 2). ADEQ requested sampling data for 8 other wells, but data were not received.

Sampling was conducted by ADEQ’s contractor (P.G. Environmental) per the EPA approved sampling plan “ADEQ Quality Assurance and Sampling Plan for Polyfluorinated Compounds at Public Water Systems”. Sampling protocols in this plan were strictly followed in order to eliminate false positives. Samples were transported within 24 hours to Eaton Eurofins, Inc. for analysis per EPA Analytical Method 537. Sampling was conducted from January through May 2018. Sampling data can be found in Appendix D.

If there was an exceedance of the EPA Health Advisory in the sample gathered at a PWS drinking water well head, ADEQ employed the EPA approved PFOA/PFOS Communications Plan and recommended the following Corrective Action(s) be considered by the PWS:

• INFORM | PWS should issue a public notice (Appendix G) to affected customers about the levels of PFOA/PFOS in their drinking water.

• LIMIT EXPOSURE | Provide bottled water or an alternative source of drinking water to consumers while taking remedial action(s).

• TREAT or BLEND water source(s) to ensure drinking water at the entry point to the distribution system is below the EPA Health Advisory.


0 − 100 101 − 1000

Sampled PWS Population

10,001 − 100,000 100,001+1,001 − 10,000

25

20

15

10

5

0

100 (62%)Wells Sampled by ADEQ

45 (28%)Wells Not Selected for Sampling

9 (5%)Sampling Data Provided by PWS

8 (5%)Requested Sampling Data Not Provided by PWS

Wells Reviewed for Screening Project

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

POPULATION SERVED

SAMP

LES C

OLLE

CTED


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSPFOA/PFOS contamination in Arizona PWSs is not widespread and tends to be near potential sources. Potential sources included industri-al, firefighting training facilities, manufacturing, airports and military sites. Research of potential sources indicates PFOA/PFOS compounds were not used for large scale industrial applications in Arizona and there are no known facilities in Arizona that have manufactured these chemicals.

Out of over 1500 PWSs in Arizona, 68 were identified as having drinking water wells located near potential sources, and 109 wells met the selection criteria for sampling. Data showed 89 wells (81.7%) were non-detect, 14 wells (12.8%) were below the EPA Health Advisory and 6 wells (5.5%) were above the EPA Health Advisory. For those above the EPA Health Advisory, the data ranged from 72 to 166 ppt. Data is available in Appendix D.

ADEQ’s first priority is to limit exposure through drinking water. For wells with sample data indicating PFOA/PFOS above the EPA Health Advisory, a communications plan was shared with the PWS. Because PFOA/PFOS is an unregulated compound, PWSs are working vol-untarily with ADEQ to address the contamination. Information on the current status of ADEQ’s work with impacted PWSs is available in Appendix H.

POTENTIAL ACTIONSADEQ is considering the following activities as part of our continuing effort to address concerns about PFOA/PFOS in Arizona:

• Develop a strategy to help drinking water systems impacted by PFOA/PFOS contamination.

• Provide a summary of sampling results of PFOA/PFOS contamination to industrial, firefighting training facilities, manufacturing, airports and military sites near wells where these contaminates were detected.

• Participate in the potentially changing regulatory landscape for PFOA/PFOS and other Poly- and Perfluorinated compounds as additional information becomes available.

WHAT CAN THE EPA DO TO HELP?• Quickly and efficiently establish a Maximum Contaminate Level (MCL) for PFOA/PFOS.

• Evaluate the need for a MCL for other Poly- and Perfluorinated compounds in drinking water.

• Provide funding to resample wells where results were above the EPA Health Advisory to confirm the results of the initial screen-ing project.

• Provide funding to locate private drinking water wells and monitoring wells in the areas where contaminates were detected. Analyze the hydrogeologic data and sample these wells for PFOA/PFOS when appropriate.

• Keep ADEQ informed on current information regarding Poly- and Perfluorinated compounds, including include health effects, regulation and analytical data collected in Arizona.

• Continue to develop analytical methods for Poly- and Perfluorinated compounds in air, soil and water.


PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

APPENDICES

10 | APPENDIX

APPENDIX AFLOW CHART

EPA grant awarded

PWS with wells potentially

impacted by PFOA/PFOS

identified

ADEQ inspects wells and

determines GPS location

ADEQ receives analytical data

PWSs informed of results and provided data

ADEQ provides guidance to PWS

with results above HA and informs

EPA

ADEQ eliminates wells that do not meet the

selection criteria

ADEQ selects additional wells for the project

PWS contacted to schedule

inspection of wells

Contactor samples wells

(ADEQ audit of sampling activities)

ADEQ issues final report to EPA

PWS wells selected using GIS mapping

Sampling Plan QA/QC finalized

GLOSSARY: GISGeographical Information System

QA/QCQuality Assurance / Quality Control

GPSGlobal Positioning System

HAHealth Advisory

APPENDIX | 11

APPENDIX BTIMELINE

PFOA/PFOS PROJECT TIMELINE

2016JULY

Project Research Begins

2016AUGUST

Grant Awarded EPA

2016DECEMBER

Contract Approved Eurofins Lab 2018

APRILSampling Complete

2017AUGUST

ADEQ begins writing QA/QC Sampling Plan

2018JANUARY

Sampling begins

2017NOVEMBER

EPA approves QA/QC Sampling Plan

2018MAY

PWSs notified of results

12 | APPENDIX

EXPENDITURES AND COSTSAPPENDIX C

49%

Grant Total$120,822.00

$1,183.89 (1%)QA/QC Draft Sampling Plan Cost$59,655.00 (49%)

Sampling/Analytical Cost

$59,983.11 (50%)Project Oversight and Administration Cost

APPENDIX | 13

SCREENING RESULTSAPPENDIX D

PWS ID # PWS Name Well # PFOS + PFOA ng/L

09026 CITY OF SHOW LOW 55-904169 ND

03312 HYDRO RESOURCES-TUSAYAN 55-523284 ND

14448 SUNSET MHP 55-628972 ND

07195 VWC BUCKEYE DIVISION SUN VALLEY 55-800947 ND

07462 BUCKEYE MUNICIPAL AIRPORT 55-507456 ND

07633 HOPEVILLE 55-800479 ND

10112 CITY OF TUCSON 55-620268 ND

10112 CITY OF TUCSON 55-552118 ND

20549 USAF DAVIS MONTHAN AFB 55-506859 ND



10112 CITY OF TUCSON 55-533854 104.60

10112 CITY OF TUCSON 55-533855 80.00

20041 EMERY PARK MHP 55-640042 59.00

02082 SIERRA VISTA AIRPORT 55-505189 ND

02078 US ARMY FORT HUACHUCA 55-626108 ND

02102 CORONADO ELEMENTARY 55-087668 ND

02061 BISBEE DOUGLAS INTL AIRPORT 55-516373 ND

02061 BISBEE DOUGLAS INTL AIRPORT 55-606412 ND

10350 MARANA CORRECTIONAL FACILITY 55-586194 3.10

10150 MARANA MUNICIPAL – MARANA 55-632633 11.90

11303 USSOCOM PARACHUTE TRAINING 55-522505 11.90

11034 MARANA AEROSPACE SOLUTIONS 55-617486 12.8

11328 COPPER MOUNTAIN RANCH CFD 55-620626 ND

07911 FAITH FAMILY CHURCH 55-215548 ND

07090 CHANDLER CITY OF 55-605314 ND

07095 MESA CITY OF 55-585924 ND

07098 SCOTTSDALE CITY OF 55-626827 ND

07098 SCOTTSDALE CITY OF 55-572377 ND

07100 TEMPE CITY OF 55-628166 56.00

07100 TEMPE CITY OF 55-628164 29.10

07093 GLENDALE CITY OF 55-217517 17.70

14 | APPENDIX


07046 LIBERTY WATER LPSCO 55-611729 33.00

07541 X PLICIT SHOW CLUB 55-217656 ND

07046 LIBERTY WATER LPSCO 55-611726 45.00

07484 OLIVE AVENUE HOA 55-599021 ND

07094 GOODYEAR WATER DEPARTMENT 55-218768 ND


07713 TRIPLE G DAIRY 55-582083 ND



14075 SUN LEISURE ESTATES UTILITIES COMPANY 55-610440 ND

14015 SOMERTON CITY OF 55-207524 ND

14015 SOMERTON CITY OF 55-555731 ND

15013 PARKER TOWN OF 55-601139 ND

15013 PARKER TOWN OF 55- 601138 ND

03008 FLAGSTAFF CITY OF 55-907084 ND

08032 EPCOR WATER – MOHAVE 55-603477 ND

08062 EPCOR WATER - LAKE MOHAVE HIGHLANDS 55-603417 ND

08068 EPCOR WATER - NORTH MOHAVE VALLEY 55-211751 ND

08068 EPCOR WATER - NORTH MOHAVE VALLEY 55-589061 ND

08098 MOHAVE CNTY PARKS DEPT DAVIS CAMP 55-505168 ND

08098 MOHAVE CNTY PARKS DEPT DAVIS CAMP 55-544186 ND

08038 VALLEY PIONEERS WATER COMPANY INC 55-623084 ND

08038 VALLEY PIONEERS WATER COMPANY INC 55-623082 ND

08020 KINGMAN MUNICIPAL WATER 55-905228 ND



13045 PRESCOTT CITY OF 55-219158 ND

13045 PRESCOTT CITY OF 55-212087 ND

13246 USFS PNF AIRPORT FIRE CENTER 55-577507 27.40

13261 TRI-CITY PREP HIGH SCHOOL 55-552567 ND

07045 WICKENBURG TOWN OF 55-624479 ND

04032 PAYSON TOWN OF 55-568624 ND

SCREENING RESULTSAPPENDIX D CONT.

APPENDIX | 15



04032 PAYSON TOWN OF 55-521982 14.90



13036 JACKSON ACRES DWID 55-636907 6.80

13408 BEVERLY GARDENS TRAILER PARK 55-528525 4.00

13160 DRY GULCH WATER COMPANY 55-516466 166.00

03003 ARIZONA WATER CO – SEDONA 55-566709 ND

03003 ARIZONA WATER CO – SEDONA 55-616656 ND

13041 OAK CREEK WATER CO 1 55-562092 ND

13041 OAK CREEK WATER CO 1 55-603919 ND

03073 FOREST HIGHLANDS WATER COMPANY 55-562728 ND

07079 VALLEY UTILITIES WATER COMPANY GLENDALE 55-639720 ND

07079 VALLEY UTILITIES WATER COMPANY GLENDALE 55-208819 ND

07033 TOWN OF QUEEN CREEK 55-209407 ND

07021 COUNTRY CLUB ACRES WATER INC 55-505533 ND

07021 COUNTRY CLUB ACRES WATER INC 55-605607 ND

07307 ADJC ADOBE MOUNTAIN SCHOOL 55-614010 ND

07069 GILA BEND TOWN OF 55-573124 ND



08015 EPCOR WATER - LAKE HAVASU 55-594370 ND

08015 EPCOR WATER - LAKE HAVASU 55-221932 ND

04008 CITY OF GLOBE 55-526251 ND

04008 CITY OF GLOBE 55 -611121 ND

08081 GOLDEN VALLEY IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT 55-530666 ND

08081 GOLDEN VALLEY IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT 55-530665 ND

07789 DOUBLETREE PAPER MILL 55-909462 ND

03048 ANASAZI WATER COMPANY 55-560179 ND

20092 SIERRA COURT TRAILER PARK 55-603669 ND

12004 NOGALES CITY OF 55-603394 ND



16 | APPENDIX






02010 BELLA VISTA CITY WATER SYSTEM 55-610125 ND

10357 METROPOLITAIN DWID 55-208091 ND

03015 MOUNTAIN DELL WATER INC 55-802025 ND

03015 MOUNTAIN DELL WATER INC 55-802024 ND

13063 PRESCOTT VALLEY WD LOWER SYSTEM 55-612332 ND



20011 CALPORTLAND RILLITO CEMENT PLANT 55-610526 72

20011 CALPORTLAND RILLITO CEMENT PLANT 55-610527 76

20447 TUCSON READY MIX ORANGE GROVE 55-625466 86

APPENDIX | 17

COUNTY RESULTSAPPENDIX E

County # of Samples ND Detects Below HA Above HAAPACHE 0 0 0 0

COCHISE 6 6 0 0

COCONINO 8 8 0 0

GILA 6 5 1 0

GRAHAM 0 0 0 0

GREENLEE 0 0 0 0

MARICOPA 31 26 5 0

MOHAVE 15 15 0 0

NAVAJO 1 1 0 0

PIMA 15 7 3 5

PINAL 3 1 2 0

SANTA CRUZ 6 6 0 0

YAVAPAI 12 8 3 1

YUMA 4 4 0 0

LA PAZ 2 2 0 0

18 | APPENDIX

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

APACHECOUNTY

COCHISECOUNTY

COCONINOCOUNTY

GILACOUNTY

GRAHAMCOUNTY

GREENLEECOUNTYMARICOPA

COUNTY

MOHAVECOUNTY NAVAJO

COUNTY

PIMACOUNTY

PINALCOUNTY

SANTA CRUZCOUNTY

YAVAPAI COUNTY

LA PAZCOUNTY

YUMACOUNTY

ADEQ Screening Project PFOA/PFOSProject Wells with Contaminate Detects

!( Above Health Advisory

!( Sampled, Below Health Advisory

!( Outside Project Scope, Above HA

This map is for general reference only and may not be all inclusive.ADEQ program's data collection efforts are ongoing. More detailed

information and specific locations can be obtained by contactingthe Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.

WEST VALLEY

!(!(!(

City of GlendalePWS #07093

Well 55-217517

Liberty Water LPSCOPWS #07046

Well 55-611726

Liberty Water LPSCOPWS #07046

Well 55-611729

WEST VALLEY

!(!(!(

!(

JACKSON ACRES DWIDPWS# 13036Well 55-636907

DRY GULCH WATER COMPANYPWS# 13160Well 55-516466

USFS PNF AIRPORT FIRECENTER, PWS# 13246

Well 55-577507

BEVERLY GARDENS TRAILER PARKPWS# 13408Well 55-528525

PRESCOTT

/

Document Path: S:\gisdev\jr4\Data or Work Requests\2018\WQIGrants\PFAS_Report_082218_PORTRAIT.mxd

!(Town of PaysonPWS #04032

Well 55-521982

PAYSON

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

Marana MunicipalPWS #10150

Well 55-632633

USSOCOM Parachute TrainingPWS #11303Well 55-522505

Marana Correctional FacilityPWS #10350

Well 55-586194

Calportland Rillito Cement PlantPWS #20011

Well 55-610527

Marana Aerospace SolutionsPWS #11034Well 55-617486

Calportland Rillito Cement PlantPWS #20011

Well 55-610526

Tucson Ready Mix Orange GrovePWS #20447

Well 55-625466

MARANA

!(

!(

City of TempePWS #07100

Well 55-628166

City of TempePWS #07100

Well 55-628164

TEMPE

!(!(

!(!(!(Emery Park MHPPWS #20041Well 55-640042

City of TucsonPWS #10112Well 55-533855




TUCSON

TEMPE

TUCSON

MAPSAPPENDIX F

APPENDIX | 19

DRAFT PUBLIC NOTICEAPPENDIX GNotice in response to EPA Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFOS and PFOA

On May 19, 2016, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a health advisory regarding levels of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) in drinking water. The health advisory limit is combined concentrations of PFOA and PFOS of 0.070 ug/L (parts per billion).

Recently, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) sampled PWS Name wells and found these chemicals in concentra-tions above the health advisory limits. We understand this information may cause you to be concerned. PWS Name is conducting regular sampling and analysis of our water sources to ensure that customers continue to receive drinking water that is in compliance with applica-ble health and environmental regulations.

PWS Name is notifying its customers that the health advisory levels are calculated to make the public aware of potential adverse effects on the most sensitive populations; fetuses during pregnancy, breastfed infants, and people with immunity issues. Though no harm is imminent, sensitive populations may seek an alternative water source with PFOA and PFOS levels below 70 ppt. Parents with formula-fed infants should consider using formula that does not require adding water or using an alternative source for infant consumption.

PWS Name is working with state and federal officials to find a long-term solution regarding PFOA and PFOS. In addition, we are taking the following corrective actions PWS should list planed corrective actions here.

To the extent that you would like more information regarding PFOA, PFOS, their health effects or the basis for the EPA’s actions, the EPA’s health advisory can be found on their website.

https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa-and-pfos

20 | APPENDIX

CURRENT STATUS OF ADEQ’S WORK WITH IMPACTED PWSS

APPENDIX H

PWS # PWS Name Data Source Current Status

AZ0420447 Tucson Ready Mix ADEQ Bottled water provided; ADEQ regional investigation ongoing

AZ0420011 Calportland Rillito Cement ADEQ Bottled water provided; ADEQ regional investigation ongoing

AZ0413160 Dry Gulch Water Company ADEQ Notice posted; treatment being considered

AZ408001 Oatman Water Company UCMR3Meeting the Health Advisory; ADEQ met with PWS; new plans have been submitted

AZ0407046 Liberty Water LPSCO UCMR3 Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) filters installed at impacted wells

AZ0407100 City of Tempe UCMR3 Wells are offline; ADEQ resampled at the well head

AZ0410112 City of Tucson UCMR3, City of TucsonWells are offline; ADEQ met with City to discuss treatment implementation; ADEQ regional investigation ongoing

AZ04 (all Marana PWS) Town of Marana UCMR3, Town of MaranaADEQ is working to support Town efforts to install treatment; ADEQ regional investigation ongoing

APPENDIX | 21


22 | APPENDIX


APPENDIX | 23

azdeq.gov November 2018

Publication Number: EQR-18-13

arizona’s public water system screening for

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