arep design by cgs
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Agricultural Research and Extension Program for the Catholic University of SudanTRANSCRIPT
www.cornellglobalsolutions.com
Phase I Analysis Agriculture Research and Extension Programme
Introduction
Historical and Cultural Context Agricultural Context Needs Analysis Institutional Context Complementary Initiatives
Wau
Khartoum
Juba
Map of Sudan
Historical and Cultural Context
Political Background Economic Conditions Socio-cultural Factors Security
Sudanese Independence
from British Rule
El Ferik Ibrahim Abboud Military
Coup
Abboud resigns in favor of
civilian government
Jaafar an Nimeri Coup and
Military Rule
Nimeri declares Islamic Law and Civil War strikes
Addis Ababa Agreement ends
Civil War Nimeri is
Overthrown and Shari’a repealed
Government overthrown by Omar al-Bashir
1956 1958 1964 1969 1972 19851983 1989
Sudan People’s Liberation
Movement formed
1955
First Civil War
Contemporary Events Timeline
Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Background Objective: Solve Conflict between Sudanese Government and
Sudan People’s Liberation Movement / Army. Result of peace talks supported by international actors. Implemented in 2005.
Implications Interim period from 2005 to 2011. Framework for the Interim Constitution Creation of the Government of Southern Sudan. Referendum in 2011 to decide adoption or cessation of the CPA.
Government Structure
International Relations
Peace Promotion UN peacekeeping operations.
International Investments Oil plays major role: 55% exports go to China,
26% to Japan and 5% to India. High investments in land by South Korea,
United Arab Emirates and Egypt.
Economic Factors
Growth Linked to Oil Production. Agriculture employs 80% of Workforce.
Sudan’s GDP: $37 Billion Public Debt: 93.5 % of GDP Population below Poverty line: 40% Inflation rate: 16% Unemployment: 18.5% Real GDP Growth: 10.2%
Socio-Cultural Issues Religion and Indigenous Beliefs
70% Sunni Muslim, 5% Christian, and 25% Indigenous beliefs. Language
English, Arabic, and more than 400 languages and dialects. Health and Welfare
Malnutrition, disease, poverty, contaminated water. Education
Less than 50% of Southern Sudan Children finish primary. Most children have always lived in War, many child soldiers.
Gender Issues Women subordinate to men, values based on gender.
Security Conflicts at North-South border
Religion and life-style differences, and economic interests. Lord’s Resistance Army
History of raiding villages, killing and abducting people. Over 65,000 people displaces by LRA attacks. Guerrilla might increment actions after CPA referendum.
Inter-Tribal Clashes Conflict in dry season, competition for limited resources.
Minefields and Explosive Remnants of War
Agricultural Context
Environment and Climate Change Crops Markets and Financial Institutions Food Security Extension
Agricultural Context
Environment and Climate Change Impacts of climate change Major environmental challenges: deforestation,
droughts, floods Impacts of conflict on
local environment
Agricultural Context
Crops Utilizing agricultural potential Focusing on local crops Major challenges
Agricultural Context
Market and Financial Institutions Access to sustainable and reliable markets Access to microcredit and loans Partnering with local organizations
Agricultural Context
Food Security Food Insecurity Malnutrition Gender Relations
Agricultural Context
Agricultural Extension Considering extension approach Partnering with farmers Fostering local innovations
Needs Analysis
SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) on agricultural prospect for local community
Addressing needs as an agricultural and extension programme
Needs Analysis: SWOT
Strengths Abundance of land suitable for farmingIndigenous knowledgeReturning population as labour
Weaknesses Lack of reliable water access and tools;Inadequate health services and education;Underdeveloped local market for seeds or produce (partly due to prevalence of food aid from donors)
Opportunities Improving telecommunication conditions for agricultural and market information dissemination;Long-term prospect for better road and rail access; Many existing local, bi-lateral or multi-lateral initiatives on agricultural projects
ThreatsFragile security, increasing ethnic violence and unclear political outlook;Land degradation;Health risks (malnutrition, malaria, cholera, HIV)
Agriculture Research and
Extension Programme
Farmer-orientedParticipatorySustainable
ToolsLivestockIrrigation
Basic health
Seeds
Low-cost technologyTraining (of women)
Access to market & capitalBetter infrastructure Develop local market
(seeds & produce)Education and health
Security
Prioritizing Needs
Institutional Context
University – Faculty Administrative Interaction and Accountability
Sharing Resources and Research at the University
Regional and International Partnerships
University – Faculty Administrative Interaction and Accountability
Key Support Structures Faculty Budgeting Human Resources Protocol
Key Support StructuresKey Support Structures
Sharing Resources and Research at the University
Cross-Faculty Projects Regional University Agricultural Partnerships Guest Researcher Exchanges
Regional and International Partnerships
Non-governmental partnerships for:
– Teacher Training– Awareness Campaigns– Women’s Empowerment– Agricultural Training
- Microfinance-Resource Distribution
Complementary Intiatives
Government Based Initiatives University InitiativesGovernment Organizations and Private
Firms International NGOs
Government Based Initiatives
Sierra Leone: Operation Feed the Nation and
Farm Field Schools Teaches farmers skills to increase yields. Focuses on unskilled post-conflict youth,
but includes both young and old. Trains farmers to be facilitators in their
own communities
Government Based Initiatives
Uganda: National Agricultural Advisory Services Also part of a national poverty reduction
program Successfully reached more people than
previous extension program Criticized by farmers for providing the
knowledge to increase yields but not the financial means to use the knowledge
University Initiatives
AhfadUniversity for Women: REED Initiative Five year program with summers spent in
rural developing areas Michigan State University: PEARL Initiative
Government Organizations and Private Firms
Government Organizations The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) UNDP- Rapid Impact Emergency in Southern Sudan United Agency for International Development (USAID): Southern
Sudan Agriculture Revitalization Program
Private Firms: South Sudan Chamber of Commerce, Agriculture Hail Agricultural Development Company Citadel Capital Kenana Sugar Company
International NGOs
Goals of International NGOs: Strengthen private enterprise, cooperatives, and market linkages Emphasize needs of returning refugees, ex-combatants and
youth reintegrating into communities Generate employment, income and sustainable livelihoods Activities oriented towards urban centers of Juba, Yei and Wau
CHF International: Community Livelihood Improvement Program for Southern Sudan (CLIPSS)
WINROCK International :Southern Sudan Agriculture Revitalization Program
Next Steps
Phase II: Required Inputs Strategy Programme Budget Funding
Monitoring and Evaluation Organizational Structure
