area studies the middle east. overview middle eastern overview history of us involvement military...
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Area Studies Area Studies The Middle East The Middle East
Area Studies Area Studies The Middle East The Middle East
Overview Middle Eastern Overview History of US Involvement Military AOR U.S. Interests Arab-Israeli Conflict
History of US InvolvementHistory of US Involvement Early European involvement
• France invasion of Egypt 1798-1802• 19th Century colonial powers
• WW I• Borders
Middle East Treaty Organization Baghdad Pact, 1955
Great Britain, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan sign METO • Deter Soviet expansionism• US joins, Iraq withdraws1959• HQ moves to Ankara…name change to Central
Treaty Organization (CENTO)• CENTO dissolves in 1979 after Iran and
Pakistan withdraw
Operation Nickel GrassOperation Nickel GrassYom Yom Kippur WarKippur War , 1973 , 1973
On 6 October 1973 an Egyptian/Syrian coalition launched a two-prong attack on Israel • Israel held but ran low on supplies• US provides airlift weapons supply via Lajes• US airlifted over 22,000 tons of supplies and
equipment
Camp David Peace AccordsCamp David Peace Accords Israel – Egypt Sept. 17, 1978
• President Carter, Camp David, MD• Begin – Sadat• First peace treaty between Israel and an Arab
country
Iranian Hostage Crisis Iranian Hostage Crisis Nov. 4, 1979; 500 Iranian students seize
the US Embassy in Tehran• Response to US allowing Shah in for treatment• 52 Hostages held 444 days• Operation Eagle Claw…eight killed• Ruined Carter’s re-election chance• Released day Reagan sworn in
Gulf WarGulf War
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait – 2 Aug 1990 Desert Shield deployment begins – 7 Aug 1990 Desert Storm Air Campaign – 16 Jan 1991 100 hour ground war – 23 Feb 1991 Cease fire – 3 Mar 1991
TerrorismTerrorismTerrorismTerrorism State sponsored terrorism appears to have
declined over the past five years Transnational groups—with decentralized
leadership that makes them harder to identify and disrupt—are emerging • Usama bin Ladin • Hamas and Hizballah joining forces
Terrorists are becoming more operationally adept and more technically sophisticated in order to defeat counter terrorism measures.
For example, as we have increased security around government and military facilities, terrorists are seeking out "softer" targets that provide opportunities for mass casualties
TerrorismTerrorism
Post WarPost WarPost WarPost War DESERT STRIKE DESERT THUNDER
DESERT FOXShining Presence
Phoenix Scorpion I-IV Desert Focus Vigilant Warrior Vigilant Sentinel Intrinsic Action Desert Spring Iris Gold Pacific Haven/Quick Transit Provide Comfort I-II Northern Watch Southern Watch Enduring Freedom Iraqi Freedom
Military AORMilitary AOR
•USCENTCOM
–Headquarters: MacDill AFB FL
US InterestsUS Interests
Persian Gulf WarPersian Gulf War
Arab Israeli ConflictArab Israeli Conflict
Other Middle Eastern IssuesOther Middle Eastern Issues
SummarySummary Middle Eastern Overview History of US Involvement Military AOR U.S. Interests Arab-Israeli Conflict
Middle Eastern Overview History of US Involvement Military AOR U.S. Interests Arab-Israeli Conflict
QuestionsQuestions