archived data user services (adus). its produce data the (sensor) data are used for to help take...
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![Page 1: Archived Data User Services (ADUS). ITS Produce Data The (sensor) data are used for to help take transportation management actions –Traffic control systems](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042603/56649d4e5503460f94a2d988/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Archived Data User Services (ADUS)
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ITS Produce Data
• The (sensor) data are used for to help take transportation management actions– Traffic control systems– Transit vehicle performance improvements– Traveler information– Commercial vehicle operations improvements– Etc…
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So,
• Did those management actions actually improve travel?
• Could you have done better?
• Were the assumptions you used when you built the system valid?
• Are there other actions you could take?
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To Answer Those Questions
• Collect, store, and use the ITS data you generate to– Understand the performance of the
transportation system– Understand the performance of your
management systems– Feed the analysis efforts that examine ways to
improve the transportation system
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ADUS
• Management of the transportation system can not be done without knowledge of its performance
• You can’t manage what you can’t measure
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What you measure gets managed
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ADUS
• We are now beginning to store the data we already collect
• The next step will be to actually use the data we store to improve management of the system
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ADUS
• The difficulty comes not from collecting ITS data but from storing the data and making the stored data useful
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ADUS• Data storage and use requires an archive
system– Data collection– Data transfer to the archive– Data storage (aggregation?)– Analysis and reporting
• Quality assurance
• Integration with other data sources
– Database management
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ADUS
• ITS systems produce data – already - often continuous data
• Large volumes of data are:– Difficult to handle– Expensive to store and manipulate– Not something DOTs are used to dealing with
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ADUS
• The collection of data for data’s sake is a waste of money
• Collecting data is only a good idea, if you intend to use it
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ADUS
• To maintain a useful archive (they’re expensive), the key is:
• Does the data you collect help you run the system more effectively?– Decision support – Performance reporting
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ADUS• Data can be used for
– Operations planning– Maintenance planning– Safety analysis – Facility performance monitoring– Policy analyses– Congestion monitoring– Systems planning– Environmental analysis
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But are the data actually used for those purposes?
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ATMS – Types of Data Available
• Vehicle volumes
• Vehicle speeds
• Travel time measurements
• Origin / destination patterns (from tolls)
• Incident locations and durations
• A variety of more specialized data items– Volumes by various vehicle classifications
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APTS – Types of Data Available
• Transit ridership
• Transit vehicle performance
• Vehicle maintenance performance
• Signal system performance
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ITS Data
• Continuous data allows measurement of transportation system performance variability
• Reliability is a key to management of the transportation system
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ITS Data Are Different
• Allows more detailed analysis
• Requires creativity
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Why Creativity?
• ITS often provide different (better) measures of performance than traditionally used
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An Example of Using an Archive
Freeway Performance Data
Used for Policy Analysis
(Are our policies doing any good?)
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Traditional Performance Measures
• Do not describe the complexity of what is happening on the roadway
• Are not easily understood by most decision makers and/or the public
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Traditional Performance Measures
• Reported measures traditionally are:– v / c ratios
– Usually based on limited data, and a poor mechanism for showing changing conditions during the day
– LOS– Hard for non-technical people to understand
– Based on limited data
– Travel time and delay– Often based on very limited sample, or some very imperfect
calculations
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0
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12 AM 2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM
Estimated Weekday Volume (Nov 98)I-405 NE 4th St-NB HOV NB _
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Improved Performance Measures
• This allows you to illustrate some very important trends to a general audience in non-technical terms
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I-405 NE 37th St GP SB
0
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12 AM 2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM
Estimated Weekday Volume Profile: GP and HOV Lanes (Nov 98)
GP
HOV
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Improved Performance Measures
• But volume alone does not tell someone whether the facility is working effectively
• Color coding speed information on top of volume data yields a more descriptive picture of performance
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I-5 NE 45th St-SB GP SB
0
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12 AM 2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM
Estimated Volume and Speed Conditions (2/17/00)
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I-5 S Spokane St GP NB
0
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12 AM 2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM
Estimated GP and HOV Volume and Speed Conditions
HOV speed < 45 mph
Saturday, J uly 31, 1999 DataMulticolor = Average GP LaneGray = HOV Lane
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Improved Performance Measures
• Unfortunately, averaging speeds over many days often hides the fact of how often a facility is congested
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0
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12 AM 2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM
Estimated Weekday Volume, Speed (1997)I-405 NE 4th St-NB HOV NB _
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Improved Performance Measures
• We display that information based on the percentage of time a facility falls below a designated speed
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I-405 SE 64th St GP NB
0
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1000
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12 AM 2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM
Veh
icle
s P
er
Lan
e P
er
Hou
r (V
PLP
H)
0
10
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100
Con
gesti
on
Fre
qu
en
cy (
%)
Estimated Volume, Speed, and Reliability Conditions (2003)
Freq. Of LOS F(stop and go)
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Improved Performance Measures
• This can show you what happens when a major change in freeway operations takes place
• In this case a switch from outside to inside HOV lane operation
• It also illustrates other trends
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0
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100Cong.VPLPH
Estimated Weekday Volume, Speed, and Reliability Conditions (1997)I-405 NE 4th St-NB HOV NB _
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0
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12 AM 2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM
Estimated Weekday Volume (Nov 98)I-405 NE 4th St-NB HOV NB _
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I-405 NE 37th St GP NB
0
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12 AM 2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM0
10
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Estimated Weekday Volume, Speed, and Reliability Conditions (1999)
GP
HOV
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Improved Performance Measures
• But freeway performance varies significantly from location to location
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SR-520 76th Ave NE GP WB
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Estimated Weekday Volume, Speed, and Reliability Conditions
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SR-520 76th Ave NE GP EB
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Estimated Weekday Volume, Speed, and Reliability Conditions
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SR-520 76th Ave NE GP WB
-20
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Estimated Change in Travel Reliability Conditions (1997 vs.
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The Effect of Starting AM Ramp Metering on SR-520
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Time of Day
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qu
ency
of
Co
ng
esti
on
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url
y V
olu
me
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plp
h)
2001 Congestion
1999 Congestion
2001 Volume
1999 Volume
170 veh / hr / ln improvement
LOS F occurs 1 day per week less often
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Improved Performance Measures• This means that it is important to
– Choose your location carefully– Report on multiple locations– Report on geographic variation
• So we developed a geographic illustration of traffic performance
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Time PMAM0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time PMAM0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
405
5
Montlake Blvd.
520
Arboretum
92nd Ave.
B’vue. Way
148th Ave.
NE 60th St.
84th Ave.
Lk. Wash.
Uncongested, near speed limit
Restricted movement but near speed limit
More heavily congested, 45 - 55 mph
Extremely congested, unstable flow
Westbound
SR 520 Traffic Profile General Purpose Lanes 1997 Weekday Average East bound
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Improved Performance Measures
• Geographic illustration can be
– Volume– Speed– Lane occupancy– Other
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Time
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Mil
ep
os
t
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Time
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Mil
ep
os
t
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12AM PM AM PM
Olive Way
Snohomish County
King County
NE 175th
Northgate Way
405
5
520
522
NE 45th
Uncongested, near speed limit
Restricted movement but near speed limit
More heavily congested, 45 - 55 mph
Extremely congested, unstable flow
NorthboundSouthbound
Interstate 5 North Traffic Profile General Purpose Lanes 1997 Weekday Average
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Time
Mil
ep
os
t
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12AM PM
153
189
160
170
180
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time
Mil
ep
os
t
AM PM
153
189
160
170
180Snohomish Co.
King County
4055
526
99
90
405
520
522
128th St
175th St
Spokane St
Madison St
145th St
< 1 1 - 1.9 2 - 2.9 3 - 3.9 4 - 5.9
Congested weekend days per month
6+
Interstate 5 LOS F Frequency General Purpose Lanes 1999 Weekend Average
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Time
Mil
ep
os
t
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12AM PM
153
189
160
170
180
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time
Mil
ep
os
t
AM PM
153
189
160
170
180Snohomish Co.
King County
4055
526
99
90
405
520
522
128th St
175th St
Spokane St
Madison St
145th St
< 1 1 - 1.9 2 - 2.9 3 - 3.9 4 - 5.9
Congested weekend days per month
6+
Interstate 5 LOS E Frequency General Purpose Lanes 1999 Weekend Average
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Time
Mil
ep
os
t
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12AM PM
153
189
160
170
180
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time
Mil
ep
os
t
AM PM
153
189
160
170
180Snohomish Co.
King County
4055
526
99
90
405
520
522
128th St
175th St
Spokane St
Madison St
145th St
< 1 1 - 1.9 2 - 2.9 3 - 3.9 4 - 5.9
Congested weekend days per month
6+
Interstate 5 LOS D Frequency General Purpose Lanes 1999 Weekend Average
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Improved Performance Measures
• The basic geographic by time of day matrix allows us to compute travel times starting every five minutes, 365 days per year
• These travel times can then be summarized
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0:00
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1:00
12 AM 2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM
Trip Start Time
Est
imate
d A
vera
ge T
ravel Tim
e (
hou
r:m
in)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Con
g.
Freq
uen
cy (
Sp
eed
< 3
5 m
ph
)
Congestion Frequency Avg. GP Travel Time 90th Percentile GP Travel Time
405
90
520
N
Bellevue
Tukwila
5
4
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Improved Performance Measures
• Travel time summaries include
– Average travel time for a given O/D pair by time of day (every five minutes)
– 90th percentile travel time– Frequency with which a given average speed is
not achieved
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Improved Performance Measures
• Travel times can also be compared
– Against standards
– For HOV versus SOV
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Northbound, Andover Park E to Coal Creek Pkwy (9.4 miles)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Trip Start Time
Av
era
ge
Sp
ee
d (
mp
h)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sp
ee
d R
eli
ab
ilit
y (
% d
ay
s <
45
mp
h)
Speed Threshold: >=45mph
Speed Relibility Threshold: Speed lower than 45mph occurs <=10% of time Speed Reliability (%)
90th Percentile Average Speed (MPH)
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Northbound, SE 20th St to NE 160th St (10.7 miles)
0:10
0:11
0:12
0:13
0:14
0:15
0:16
0:17
0:18
0:19
0:20
0:21
0:22
0:23
0:24
Trip Start Time
Ave
rage
Tra
vel T
ime
(hr:
min
)
HOV
GP
Average Travel Time Savings in HOV Lane During PM Peak Period: 8 Minutes
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Improved Performance Measures
• When truck volume and weight data become available for freeways, these same matrices (and some assumptions) can be used to compute:
– Truck hours of delay
– Truck miles of delay
– Ton-miles of delay
– Value of freight delay
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Improved Performance Measures
• Each time we use our new tools to answer a question, we develop new ways to display that information
• The goal is to make that information – Easier to understand– More accurate of “real life”