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ArchitectureArchitecture As LanguageAs Language

www.voelter.dewww.voelter.devoelter@acm.orgvoelter@acm.org

MarkusMarkus VoelterVoelterwww.itemis.dewww.itemis.degraf@itemis.degraf@itemis.de

Andreas GrafAndreas Graf

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AboutAboutAboutAbout

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What What isis a a languagelanguage??g gg g

INFORMALSet Set ofof wellwell‐‐

defineddefined termsterms

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StakeholdersStakeholders

INFORMALStakeholdersStakeholdersaagreegree on on meaningmeaningmeaningmeaning

MetamodelMetamodelFORMALMetamodelMetamodel

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MetamodelMetamodelFORMALMetamodelMetamodelGrammarGrammar

MetamodelMetamodelFORMALMetamodelMetamodelGrammarGrammarN t tiN t tiNotationNotation

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A DSL is a focussed, processablelanguage for describing a specific g g g pconcern when building a system in a specific domain. The abstractions andnotations used are natural/suitable for h k h ld h if hthe stakeholders who specify that particular concern.

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22

Architecture DSLsArchitecture DSLs

ArchitectureArchitecture

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As As youyouunderstandunderstandunderstandunderstandaandnd developdevelop

youryouryouryourArchitectureArchitecture……

DevelopDevelop a a languagelanguage totoexpressexpress it!it!express express it!it!

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Language Language resemblesresemblesarchitecturalarchitectural conceptsconceptsarchitecturalarchitectural conceptsconcepts

WeWe express express thetheapplicationapplication(s) (s) withwith

thethe languagelanguage..

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DEMO I

An architectural DSL for embedded systems

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33

BenefitsBenefits

ClearClear UnderstandingUnderstandingfromfrom buildingbuilding thethegg

languagelanguage

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bbUnambigiousUnambigiousVocabularyVocabulary

ConceptsConcepts independentindependentfromfrom TechnologyTechnologyfromfrom TechnologyTechnology

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P iP i M d lM d lProgrammingProgramming Model Model cancanbebe defineddefined basedbased on on 

ConceptualConceptual ArcitectureArcitectureConceptualConceptual ArcitectureArcitecture

ArchitectureArchitecture „„executableexecutable““(i e(i e moremore thanthan rulesrules andand docsdocs))(i.e. (i.e. moremore thanthan rulesrules andand docsdocs))

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44

Why Why TextualTextual??yy

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… … oror:: whywhy not not graphicalgraphical??yy g pg p

LanguagesLanguages andand EditorsEditorsareare easiereasier toto buildbuild

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LanguagesLanguages andand EditorsEditorsareare easiereasier toto buildbuildEvolveEvolve Language Language andand simple simple editoreditor

d dd d dd didi hhasas youyou understand understand andand discussdiscuss thethearchitecturearchitecture, in real time!, in real time!

I t tI t t ilil ithithIntegratesIntegrates easilyeasily withwithcurrentcurrent infrastructureinfrastructure::CVS/SVNCVS/SVN diffdiff//mergemergeCVS/SVN CVS/SVN diffdiff//mergemerge

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M d lM d l l til ti

adaptingadapting existingexistingmodelsmodels asas thethe DSL DSL evolvesevolves

Model Model evolutionevolutionisis trivialtrivial, , youyou cancanalwaysalways useuse grepgrepalwaysalways useuse grepgrep..

MM D lD lManyMany Developers Developers preferprefer textualtextualnotationsnotationsnotationsnotations

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WhenWhen a a graphicalgraphicalnotationnotationnotationnotation

isis betterbetter, , youyou cancan

i lii livisualizevisualize. . 

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55

ToolingToolinggg

SeveralSeveral toolstools availableavailable..ExampleExample:: oAWoAW XtextXtext

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SpecifySpecify GrammarGrammar

A tlA tl GG ddAntlrAntlr GrammarGrammar andandParserParser isis generatedgenerated

fromfrom thisthis specificationspecificationfromfrom thisthis specificationspecification

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GeneratedGenerated MetamodelMetamodel

SpecifySpecify ConstraintsConstraints

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GeneratedGenerated EditorEditor

DEMO II

The language‐aware editor for our DSL

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66

Generating Generating CodeCodegg

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SinceSince wewe alreadyalreadyhavehave a formal a formal modemodel….l….

GenerateGenerate APIAPIMapsMaps ArchitecturalArchitectural ConceptsConcepts toto

ImplementationImplementation languagelanguage (non(non‐‐trivial!)trivial!)pp g gg g (( ))

Implementation Code

ProgrammingModel API

Glue Code

Runtime Infrastructure(Platform/Middleware)

Glue Code

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ImplementationImplementationImplementationImplementation onlyonly dependsdepends onon

thethe generatedgenerated programmingprogramming model APImodel APIgg p g gp g g

Implementation Code

ProgrammingModel API

Glue Code

Runtime Infrastructure(Platform/Middleware)

Glue Code

ProgrammingProgramming ModelModelGeneratedGenerated API + API + UsageUsage IdiomsIdioms

CompletelyCompletely TechnologyTechnology‐‐IndependentIndependentp yp y gygy pp

Implementation Code

ProgrammingModel API

Glue Code

Runtime Infrastructure(Platform/Middleware)

Glue Code

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RuntimRuntimee InfrastructureInfrastructureSelect Select basedbased on on fifit t wrtwrt. . toto architecturalarchitectural

conceptsconcepts andand nonnon‐‐functionalfunctional requirementsrequirementspp qq

Implementation Code

ProgrammingModel API

Glue Code

Runtime Infrastructure(Platform/Middleware)

Glue Code

GlueGlue CodeCodeAka Technology Mapping CodeAka Technology Mapping CodeMapsMaps API API toto selectedselected platformplatformpp pp

Implementation Code

ProgrammingModel API

Glue Code

Runtime Infrastructure(Platform/Middleware)

Glue Code

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GlueGlue CodeCodeContainsContains ConfigurationConfiguration Files Files forfor PlatformPlatform

MightMight requirerequire „mix in „mix in modelsmodels““gg qq

Implementation Code

ProgrammingModel API

Glue Code

Runtime Infrastructure(Platform/Middleware)

Glue Code

SeveralSeveral PlatformsPlatformsDifferent Different PlatformsPlatforms, not , not LanguagesLanguages

Support Support forfor ScalingScaling (non(non‐‐functionalfunctional reqreq))pppp gg (( qq))

Implementation Code

ProgrammingModel API

l d l d

Runtime Infrastructure(Platform/Middleware)

Glue Code

Platform 2

Glue Code 2

Testing!

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BenefitsBenefits::ffi iffi i llMore More EfficientEfficient ImplImpl..

Technology IndependentTechnology IndependentConsistenceConsistence/Quality/QualityConsistenceConsistence/Quality/QualityArchitectureArchitecture‐‐ConformanceConformance

Code Gen Code Gen SequenceSequence

Implementation Code

ProgrammingModel API1) 1) GenerateGenerate APIAPI

2) Write 2) Write ImplImpl CodeCodePlatform

Glue Code

3) Select 3) Select PlatformPlatform

4) 4) GenerateGenerate GlueGlue CodeCode

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SeparateSeparate ModelsModelsforfor stuffstuff relevant relevant forfor thethe APIAPIvs.vs. systemsystem//deploymentdeployment stuffstuffvs. vs. systemsystem//deploymentdeployment stuffstuff

ProgrammingModel API

Model 1(Types)

Model 2(System, 

Deployment)Glue Code

DEMO III

Generating C for thetarget device

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77

Expressing Expressing VariabilityVariabilityp gp g yy

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Different Different VariantsVariantsofof thethe SystemSystemforfor different different customerscustomers..

HowHow do I do I expressexpress

thisthis in in thethemodelsmodels??

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Negative Negative VariabilityVariability::ConditionallyConditionally takingtakingsomethingsomething awayaway

Negative Negative VariabilityVariability::ConditionallyConditionally takingtakingsomethingsomething awayaway

FeatureFeature ModelsModelsFeature Feature ModelsModels

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component DelayCalculator {provides default: IDelayCalculatorrequires screens[0..n]: IInfoScreenprovides mon: IMonitoring feature monitoring

}

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component DelayCalculator {provides default: IDelayCalculatorrequires screens[0..n]: IInfoScreenprovides mon: IMonitoring feature monitoring

}

namespace monitoringStuff feature monitoring {

component MonitoringConsole {p g {requires devices:[*]: IMonitor

}

instance monitor: MonitoringConsole

dynamic connect monitor.devices query {type = IMonitor

}}

}

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Positive Positive VariabilityVariability::ConditionallyConditionally addingaddingConditionallyConditionally addingadding

somethingsomething toto a a minimal minimal corecore

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Positive Positive VariabilityVariability::ConditionallyConditionally addingaddingConditionallyConditionally addingadding

somethingsomething toto a a minimal minimal corecore

AspectsAspects

namespace monitoring {

component MonitoringConsole …instance monitor: …dynamic connect monitor.devices …

aspect (*) component {provides mon: IMonitoring

}}}

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component DelayCalculator {…

}

component AircraftModule {…

}

component InfoScreen {…

}

component DelayCalculator {…

}

component AircraftModule {…

}

component InfoScreen {…

} component DelayCalculator {…provides mon: IMonitoring

}

component AircraftModule {…

aspect (*) component {provides mon: IMonitoring

}

provides mon: IMonitoring}

component InfoScreen {…provides mon: IMmonitoring

}

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iiWeaver Weaver isis genericgeneric::worksworks withwith all (all (containercontainer))

d ld l l tl tmodel model elementselements

aspectaspect (*) (*) <type><type>all all instancesinstances ofof type type 

aspectaspect (tag=(tag=blabla)) <type><type>all all instancesinstances withwith tag tag blabla

aspectaspect ((namename=S*) <type>=S*) <type>aspectaspect ((namename=S*) <type>=S*) <type>all all instancesinstances whosewhose namenamestartsstarts withwith SS

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namespace monitoring feature monitoring {

AO + FeaturesAO + Features

component MonitoringConsole …instance monitor: …dynamic connect monitor.devices …

aspect (*) component {provides mon: IMonitoring

}}}

DEMO III

Adding Variability and connectivity to a feature model to the previous DSL

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BasedBased on on actualactualpracticalpractical experienceexperience

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CurrentlyCurrently in in useuse withwithfourfour ofof mymy customerscustomers

BenchmarkedBenchmarked bybysuitabilitysuitability forfor useuse in in t d ‘t d ‘ j tj ttoday‘stoday‘s projectsprojects

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THE END.THE END.ThankThank youyouThankThank youyou..QuestionsQuestions??

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