architectural styles of saint-petersburg part i. baroque the word baroque can simply mean that...
TRANSCRIPT
The word baroque can simply mean that
something is "elaborate", with many details.
Baroque architecture certainly was
extravagant (buildings with complex
shapes, extravagant ornaments, opulent
paintings, and bold contrasts)
Petrine Baroque is a name
applied by art historians to a
style of Baroque architecture
and decoration favoured by
Peter the Great and employed
to design buildings in the
newly-founded Russian
capital, Saint Petersburg,
under this monarch and his
immediate successors.
the Petrine Baroque
represented a drastic rupture
with Byzantine traditions that
had dominated Russian
architecture for almost a
millennium. Its chief
practitioners – Domenico
Trezzini, Andreas Schlüter, and
Mikhail Zemtsov – drew
inspiration from a rather modest
Dutch, Danish, and Swedish
architecture of the time.
Petrine Barique got the specific Russian
features: simplicity, humility, functionality.
Extant examples of the style in St Petersburg are
the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the Twelve Colleges,
the Kunstkamera, Kikin Hall and Menshikov Palace
and many others.
RUSSIAN EARLY BAROQUE STYLEFEATURES :
1. 4-th pitched roofs
2. Windows which are divided into many parts
3. Two-tone color of facades
4. Using of modest decorative elements
( pilasters,scrolls, projections)
5. Symmetry of the buildings
The Kikin Hall (Кикины
палаты) is one of the oldest
buildings in Saint Petersburg
, Russia. The diminutive
residence was commissioned
by Alexander Kikin in 1714.
The name of the architect is
unknown, but similarities to
the old Peterhof palace
abound, suggesting an
attribution to Andreas
Schlüter.
The palace was incomplete at the time of Kikin's disgrace
and execution in 1718. The building was confiscated by the
crown and housed the royal library and the
cabinet of curiosities of the Academy of Sciences (later
transferred to the Kunstkammer Building).
THE KUNSTKAMMER
The word Kunstkammer comes from
the German words Kunst meaning
“art” and Kammer meaning “a
chamber” or “a room”.
The building of the Kunstkammer is
one of a few survived monuments of
the Russian Baroque.
Its construction started in 1718 by the
architects Georg Maternovi, Nikolay
Gerbel, Gaetano Quiaveri and was
completed by Mikhail Zemtsov in 1734.
The façade of the building is divided into three parts and
the parts are linked by a multi-tiered tower. The upper
part of the building was destroyed by fire in 1747 and
restored between 1948 and 1949. The building was
returned to its original appearance.
The private collections of Peter the Great
were exhibited in this building. There were
a lot of kinds of rare stones, exotic
animals, Buddhist idols and anatomical
preparations.
Peter I liked to travel
abroad and round Russia
and often brought back
different exotic things.
He kept those things in
his Summer Palace. The
collection grew very
quickly, because not only
Peter I brought such
things and he ordered his
people to bring different
rarities from everywhere.
Peter I started a museum for his collection in
the Kikin’s Mansion. But this building was far
away from the centre of the city. So Tsar
decided to build a new building for his
museum in Vasilievsky Island.
Until the late 18th century this building
was the seat of the Academy of
Science. Mikhail Lomonosov was the
founder of the Academy.
From 1741 to 1765, the great Russian scientist worked
there. The museum of Mikhail Lomonosov is located there
and consist of following sections:
- The life and Scientific Activity of Lomonosov
- Lomonosov and 18th century Russian Astronomy
- The Great Academic Globe
This building housed the country’s first
public library and observatory of the
Academy of Sciences.
In 1836, on the base of the
Kuntskammer collection several
Academic museums were created.
In 1878 the Peter the Great Museum of
Anthropology and Ethnography was formed.
Its collections are dedicated to everyday life
and culture of people of the world.
Andreas Schlüter (20 May 1664 – May 1714) was
a German baroque sculptor and architect associated
with the Petrine Baroque style of architecture and
decoration.
Rococo: In Germany, Austria, Eastern Europe, and
Russia, Baroque ideas were often applied with a
lighter touch. Pale colors and curving shell shapes
gave buildings the delicate appearance of a frosted
cake. The term Rococo was used to describe these
softer versions of the Baroque style.
Learn about Rococo Architecture
Rococo buildings tend to be softer and more graceful. Colors are pale
and curving shapes dominate.
Features of Rococo Architecture include:
Elaborate curves and scrolls
Ornaments shaped like shells and plants
Intricate patterns
Delicate details
Complex, asymmetrical shapes
Light, pastel colors