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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Classical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

EnglishCotswald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Tudor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Elizabethan . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Georgian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Regency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Victorian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Queen Anne . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

SpanishSpanish Colonial . . . . . . . . 14 Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Adobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Monterey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

FrenchFrench Normandy . . . . . . . . 18French Provincial . . . . . . . . 18 French Farmhouse . . . . . . . 19 New Orleans . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Mansard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

ItalianItalianate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Richardsonian Romanesque 23

SwissSwiss Chalet . . . . . . . . . . . 23

GreekGreek Revival . . . . . . . . . . . 24

DutchDutch Colonial . . . . . . . . . . 26

GermanBavarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Western EuropeanGothic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

AsianJapanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Early AmericanPennsylvania Dutch Colonial 29Garrison Colonial . . . . . . . . 30Log Cabin Colonial . . . . . . . 30New England Colonial . . . . . 31Salt Box Colonial . . . . . . . . 32Early American Farmhouse . 33Federal Colonial . . . . . . . . . 34Cape Code Colonial . . . . . . . 35Adam Colonial . . . . . . . . . . 35Cape Ann Colonial . . . . . . . 36Southern Colonial . . . . . . . . 37

Contemporary AmericanAtrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Stick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Modern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40A Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Craftsman . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Prairie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Ranch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Functionalism . . . . . . . . . . 46

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Architectural Stylesby Paul Ross Wallach

English

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• Large mansion with arugged appearance

• Informal, ramblingplan

• 2 or 2-1/2 stories• Segments of jettied

(cantilevered) secondfloor with supports atcorners

• Exterior sidingmaterials – brickveneer, stucco, stone

• Herringbone, Flemish,and English bondbrick patterns usedas nogging betweentimbers

• Exposed heavy roughtimbers (spacedapart further than theTudor style)

• Heavy doorconstruction

• Front entry designedwith pilasters andentablatures (beamsupport by thepilasters)

• Large bay windows• Tall narrow windows

with small leadeddiamond panes

• Various cornice levels• Steep hip roof

• Steep asymmetricalgable roof withirregular gableprojections

• Hip or gable roofdormers

• Large picturesquechimneys at irregularintervals withdecorative chimneypots

ELIZABETHAN (Jacobean, Half Timber) 1550-1650

Steep, pitched roof Heavy timber framing

Massive chimneys

Small leadedglass windows

Large bay windows

Heavy entry door

This is anexample of17th centuryhalf-timberedconstruction.This style ofbuilding wasvery popularin Europe inthe 1800s.The openingsbetween thetimbers werefilled withwattle, daub,boards, orbricks.

The reign of Elizabeth I saw the rise of an affluent merchant class and greater social stability. For the first time, dwellings weredesigned more for comfort than for defense. Elizabethan architecture is a mixture of Gothic and Tudor styles.

Nogging

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English

QUEEN ANNE 1875–1915

Cantilevered wallextension

Brackets accentuating real andfalse overhangs

Integral (recessed) porchesusually on upper floors

Cutaway bay

Band of shingles ortrim

Overhangs, either real orsimulated by trim

Big chimney

Triangularsection intop of gableextendedforward

Pent roofenclosinggable

Turret

Portico withsquare columnsand pediment

• Asymmetrical plan• Portico with square columns and pediment• Steeply pitched gable roof with parapets• Gable dormers• Trusses in gable ends• Decorated verge boards• Two to three stories• Variety of surface textures, materials, and

colors• Half timbering• Patterned wood shingles• Various window styles with small panes –

bay, Palladian, oriel• Delicate turned spindles• Cantilevered upper stories• Round turrets and towers• Large ornate chimney with large cap

The colorfully painted Queen Anne style has beendescribed as Victorian run amok. Its unabashed excess,frilly detailing, and eclectic materials were so popularin the late Victorian era that, in the public mind, it isnow virtually synonymous with the phrase “Victorianhouse.”

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Italian

ITALIANATE 1830-1935Italianate has its roots in Italian Villa and ItalianRenaissance architecture of the 15th century.

• Symmetrical, square plan• Two or three stories• Tall, square porch with pillars• Flat or low-pitched pyramid roof• Parapet or balustrade above eave line• Tall cupola or square tower on roof• Rounded roof tiles• Extended roof overhang• Deep cornices with ornate

oversized brackets• Slender windows with rounded arches or

pediments above• Balconies with ornate brackets• Decorative ironwork• Quoins at exterior corners• Small chimney

Square tower

Balustrade above eave line

Cupola

Rounded arches over slender windows

Pediment

Quoins

Small chimney

Flat roof

Low-pitchedpyramid roof

Deep cornices

Oversized brackets

Tall square porchwith pillars

The Italianatestyle oftenfeaturesrecessedsecond-storyporches.

Rounded arches overnarrow windows

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Asian

JAPANESE 300 A.D.-Present

• Post-and-beamconstruction

• Sliding exterior andinterior walls (Shoji)

• Light and delicate design• Natural wood building

materials• Large curved roof

beams• Deep overhangs• Tile, thatch, or wood

shingles• House blends with

natural surroundingsand garden

Oriental ornamentation

Oriental gardens

Suspended ceiling

Main entrance

North windows(grille outside)

Reception room

Entrance hall

Tokonoma (an alcovefor displaying a flowerarrangement or art)

Shoji (sliding walls)

Living room

Veranda

Tatami (straw mattingused as a floorcovering)

The dimensions of the Japanese house are carefully crafted to make ceilings appear less oppressive and to let in cool breezesand ample sunshine. The primary building material is – and has been for more than 1,700 years – wood. The world’s oldestwooden structure, Horyuji Temple, is in Ikaruga City. It was built in 607 A.D.

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Early American

EARLY AMERICAN FARMHOUSE 1700s

• Unornamented design• Tall, narrow, double-hung windows

with many small panes• Exterior siding is horizontal white

clapboard• Centrally located six-panel front door

lined with wide, flat boards. (Earlystyle was fastened vertical boards.)

• Steeply pitched roof• Very little roof overhang• Corner exteriors covered with a 6"

trim board• Large centered chimney

Steeply pitched roof

Very little roofoverhang

Six-panel front doorCorner trim board

Large centeredchimney

Horizontal whiteclapboard siding

As Americans moved westward, thefarmhouse evolved according to locallyavailable building materials and constructiontechniques, and the needs of the families whobuilt them. It took on an asymmetrical,casual look, with more ornamentation.

The rectangular and symmetrical architecture of the EarlyAmerican Farmhouse is based on New England’s Colonial andCape Cod styles.

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Contemporary American

MODERN 1900–Present• Started with Frank Lloyd Wright and

Henry Hobson Richardson• Uses modern building materials and

construction techniques• Extensive use of glass• Minimal ornamentation

Modern Americanarchitecture integrates the

indoor plan with the outdoorspaces. As Frank LloydWright said, “No house

should ever be on a hill or onanything. It should be of the

hill. Belonging to it. Hill andhouse should live together

each the happier for theother.“

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Glossary

fan light – a semicircular window

finial – an ornament that terminates the topor a spire or pinnacle

gable roof – a roof with two sloping surfaces

gambrel roof – similar to a gable roof butwith two different pitches on each side

half-timber construction – heavy timbersused in post and beam construction. Theopen areas are filled in with brick, stucco, orwattle. The face of the timber will show in thewall

hip roof – a roof with four sloping sides

jetty – the projecting part of a structurefrom the face of a wall such as a bay windowis said to be jettied

lights – small window panes

lintel – a horizontal structural member, suchas a beam or stone, that spans an opening,as between the uprights of a door or windowor between two columns or piers

mansard roof – a roof with a flat top withfour steep pitched sides

modillion – a horizontal bracket under thecornice

nogging – rough brick masonry used to fill inthe interstices of a wooden frame

GLOSSARY

Finials

Gable roofGambrel roof

Half-timberedconstruction

Hip roof

Mansardroof

Modillion

Fan lights

Lintel

Nogging