architectural portfolio
DESCRIPTION
Professional and school projects.TRANSCRIPT
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WORKS
RAFALSTAWARZ
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1Content:
Professional Projects:VW Autobarn, Countryside, IL 2Volvo of Oak Park, Oak Park, IL 10Lakeview Digestive Disease and Liver Center, Chicago, IL 18Fiat of Chicago, Chicago, IL 26Fire Station, Remington, IN 36 I Dream of Falafel Restaurant, Chicago, IL 40Firehouse Subs, Niles, IL 44Maserati of Chicago, Chicago, IL 48
Studio Projects:Gyana Tower, Mumbai, India 52Boeing Visitor Center, Chicago, IL 60Vosges Chocolate Factory, Chicago, IL 66Nature Prairie Reserve, Du Quoin, IL 74
Installations:Color Project 82Verticality Project 84
Miscellaneous:Parametric Chair 86 Freehand Sketches 88Photography 90
WORKSRafal Stawarz
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2This VW dealership was built on top of the foundations of an old Hyundai dealership using a new concept for brand image called White Frame. The concept guarantees a brand-appropriate presence in conjunction with a concept that focuses on customer processes and conforms to the new Volkswagen standard. In many different ways, it paves the way for meeting all the needs of customers and dealers worldwide. The white frame provides the visual framework for the brand identity. With its clear, simple shape, it is key to Volkswagens visual identity and is used in all the principal elements of the dealership. The frame unmistakably accentuates elements such as the facade and portal, ensuring clear differentiation from the competition. Inside, the white frame is used for the presentation of vehicles and products and is reflected in the furniture system. Moreover, there is a visual overlap between the spatial impression at the dealership and Volkswagens print media (such as e.g. advertisements and brochures). This creates high brand recognition across all media platforms. Thanks to the extensive use of white by the new concept; both indoors and outdoors, an elegant, calm effect is achieved and the brand acquires a strong sense of identity.
VW Autobarn Countryside, IL 2012
Approach with Service Entry on the left and Showroom on the right.
Site Plan
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3Main Facade Elevation
White Frame Detail VW Entry Frame
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4Approach Elevation
South Elevation
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5West Elevation
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6Showroom Welcome WallShowroom Back Wall
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7Showroom Welcome Center
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8Car Tunnel
Top Left: New Car Delivery AreaMiddle Left: Welcome AreaBottom Left: Reception Desk
Bellow Dealership Floor Plan
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9Sales OfficesCustomer Waiting Area
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10
The Volvo of Oak Park expansion includes an addition to the existing showroom, the renovation of the service write-up area, site regrading and a substantial addition to the existing service area. This project was especially challenging because construction was expected to occur without disrupting business. The client insisted it was necessary to cause the least amount of trouble possible to customers. To respond to these concerns, the project was designed in phases. First, the addition to the showroom was built, which also included: some site regrading, a new access to the service area and the renovation of the service write-up. Once the first phase was completed and the new showroom opened to the public, the second phase began: the expansion of the service area and extensive site regrading. Never during the construction process was there a need to shut down the business in its entirety. Volvo of Oak Park now boasts a modernized showroom that complies with the new Volvo branding and the desires of the client. The dealership also offers 11 new service lifts which will allow it to handle the expected volume of clients for years to come.
Volvo Of Oak ParkOak Park, IL 2012
Site Plan
West ElevationEntrance Statement
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11
South Elevation
Main Entrance Showroom car ramp
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12
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13
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14
New Car Showroom and Reception DeskSales DeskFirst Floor Plan
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15
New Car Showroom
Showroom East
Brand Imaging Showroom North-West Corner
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16
Service EntranceBasement Floor Plan Showroom Hallway
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17
Service Writers HallwayShowroom Customer Waiting Area
Service Writers Stations
Customer Service Waiting AreaService Writers Entrance
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18
The Lakeview medical center consists of covered parking and a lobby on the first floor, a gastroenterology clinic on the second floor, and two medical suites on the third floor. Challenges in this projects design were: to provide enough parking without creating a basement, to isolate the noisy oxygen equipment from quieter exam rooms, to provide suction and oxygen in procedure rooms, to remediate poor soil strength conditions, budgetary constraints and time. The entire process - from initial design through construction - took place in just over one year. The building consists of a stained precast concrete structure with interior steel and bar joist floor and roof structure. Synergies Studios is a design-build firm, therefore we provided all of the services related to design work (with the exception of electrical engineering), in addition to structural calculations, budgeting and construction permitting
Lakeview Digestive Disease and Liver CenterChicago, IL 2012
Site Plan
Northeast Corner Detail Northwest Elevation
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Northwest ElevationWest Elevation
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East Entrance
Garage Entrance
Window Detail
West Elevation
Main Entrance
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West Elevation
Ground Floor EntrancesParking Garage
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OXYGENSTORAGE
W.C.
I.T.JAN.
W.C.
W.C. W.C.
MANAGERS OFFICE
LUNCH RM.
PROCEDURE ROOM 1
PROCEDURE ROOM 2
NURSESOFFICE
WAITING ROOM
FINAL CONSULT.
STAIR 1 ELEV. CL.
RECEPTION DR.S OFFICE
EXAM 1
EXAM 2
INFUSIONAREA
NURSES STATION
DISINFECTION STATION
LAB AREA
RECOVERYBAYS
STAIR 2
HALL 1 HALL 2
A
B
COVERED PARKING
ENTRY
JANITORIAL
STAIR 1ELEV.
ELEV.EQUIP.
OXYGENPUMPROOM
OXYGENSTORAGE
STAIR 2
ELEC.
A
B
W.C.
W.C.
JAN.
STAIR 1
STAIR 2
ELEV.
MEDICAL SUITE 1
MEDICAL SUITE 2
LOBBY
HALL 1
A
B
COVEREDPARKING
LAB AREAPROCEDUREROOM 1
PROCEDUREROOM 2
MEDICAL SUITE 2WOMENSW.C.
JAN.STAIR 2
COVEREDPARKING
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First Floor consists of covered parking garage and mechanical spaces.Second Floor consists of the medical clinic.Third Floor is an open space to be used by future tenants.
Top: Northeast EntryBottom: North Entry
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Top: Private OfficeMiddle Left: HallwayMiddle Right: Lunch Room Bottom Right: Waiting/Reception
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Top: Patient Recovery Examination Room
Procedure Room
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Nurses Station
Recovery Room
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26
The Fiat of Chicago dealership is a build-out of a large retail space in the first floor of a new highrise in downtown Chicago. The dealership consists of a showroom for new and used cars and the design of architectural, plumbing, electrical and mechanical systems. Special attention was also devoted to the design of the image and branding of the space. When completed the dealership will be the first for the Fiat brand in the Chicago area.
Fiat of Chicago Chicago, IL 2012
FIAT PortalNorth Elevation
Site Plan
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FIAT Corner PortalMain Entry PortalNortheast Corner
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Interior SectionsShowroom Curve
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Interior Elevations
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Fiat ShowroomFloor Plan
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Showroom Northeast Corner
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Customer Waiting AreaCafe Area with Merchandise Wall in the back Customer Cafe
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Customer Cafe and Color Swatch
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Right:Open Plan sales Office Area. Murals painted by a local artist facing the front of the showroom welcoming entering customers.
Above: Customer computer interaction and custom design area along with Car Color Palette.
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F&I AreaF&I Office Sales Office
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36
Site PlanWest Elevation
Located in Remington, Indiana a volunteer fire station serves the rural town of Remington and most importantly the adjacent freeway interstate 65. The design of the station incorporates environmentally friendly sustainable strategies of passive solar heating and a solar hot water heater, geothermal heating, radiant floors and wind actuated ventilation. The inception of this fire station came with the need to accommodate new ladder truck equipment. Several industries that moved to Remington recently have necessitated the need for the fire service department to accommodate fire latter trucks. This facility carefully addresses the present needs and future expansion of a fire station for the growing town of Remington.
Remington Fire StationRemington, IN 2010
South Elevation
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Approach ElevationOverhang Detail West Elevation
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Floor PlanLeft Top: East ElevationMiddle: South ElevationBottom: Southeast Elevation
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West ElevationSouthwest Elevation
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40
Work included design, engineering, and construction documents needed for an interior building out to expand I Dream of Falafels growing business in this new space, located on the first floor east side of the PepsiCo building. Challenges in this project included coordinating a large array of kitchen and serving equipment with electrical needs, and creating seating arrangements that would be plentiful, but not impede the serving line which is often to the door.
I Dream Of FalafelChicago, IL 2011
Entrance FacadeSite Plan
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Above: East ElevationBelow: Floor Plan
Above: Interior East Below: Bar Seating and Order Line
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Interior ElevationsInterior View
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North Elevation
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Firehouse Subs is a fast, casual restaurant chain that specializes in hot subs. Founded in 1994 in Jacksonville, Florida by former firefighter brothers, Firehouse Subs serves sandwiches with meats and cheeses, steamed hot and placed on produce on a toasted sub roll. This location offers a family-oriented atmosphere, with a firefighter theme that includes fire equipment throughout the store, a menu that features sandwiches with themed names and they offer hot sauces in a range of intensities. Pictures mounted on the walls highlight local firefighting history, as well as the founders history of firefighting service
Firehouse SubsNiles, IL 2011
Site PlanFloor Plan
South Elevation
South Elevation
Sections Corner Sign
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45
Main ElevationSouth Corner
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46
Above: Interior PanoramaBelow: Wall Mural
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47
Back Area
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DN
UP
UP
CUSTOMER PARKING & TANDEM STORAGE
T/ RAMP 1
STAIR
ELEVATOR STAIR
B/ RAMP 2
UP
UP
WOMEN'S W.C. MEN'S W.C.MANAGER
SALES
CUSTOMER WAITING
SHOWROOM
BACK OF HOUSE
CASHIERSALES SALES
SALES SALES
NEW CAR DELIVERYSERVICE WRITE UP
STAIR
STAIRELEVATOR
RAMP
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The purpose of this project was to design a building and presentation images to present to financiers. The parameters were to design a 14,450 sq.ft. luxury car dealership to occupy two Chicago lots with a showroom, two levels of car storage, a service department, and all supporting programs. As there is an existing luxury car dealership across the street it was also important that the building draw attention to itself and away from the competition. Since the purpose of the building is to show cars, and the purpose of cars is movement, the building was designed to highlight the circulation of the vehicles within itself. This led to the creation of a glass curtain wall to reveal the unique shape inside the walls.
Maserati of ChicagoChicago, IL 2011
Site PlanConcept Diagram
First Floor PlanGround Floor Plan
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DN
DN
STAIR
ELEVATOR STAIR
T/ RAMP 3
CAR STORAGE
DN
UP
UP
STAIRS
ELEVATOR STAIR
PARTS SERVICE WINDOW
PARTS STORAGE
SERVICE STALLS
SPECIAL TOOLS & JAN.
B/ RAMP 3
T/ RAMP 2
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Above: Southeast corner of the building.
Third Floor PlanSecond Floor Plan
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Right: South East Approach. Bottom: Interior view of the showroom space.
Section
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Inspired by education and learning, this design aims to combine residential units and a school within the same vertical tower. The tower consists of a series of stacked villages with each floor plate housing both residential units and school facilities. The school is orientated to the south, wrapping around a series of large, stacked semi-public atria. The residential units are orientated to the north around smaller, more private atria. The larger atria house a variety of facilities that are shared by both the schools and public such as libraries, cafeteria, basketball courts
and playgrounds providing a valuable resource for the wider community. In addition a system of external escalators traversing the southern faade allow the public to travel from the ground plane to the high level public skybridges and urban planes, and to interact with the public spaces throughout the building. This escalator route forms a continual green corridor of vegetation linking ground and sky, allowing for the migration of plant species throughout the tower and providing solar shading to the spaces beyond.
Gyana Tower [Education Tower]Mumbai, India 2009
Site Plan
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COLLEGE
LARGER CLASS ROOMS: ART / PAINTING AREA, READING CORNER, DESKS
BATHROOMS
OFFICES ADMISSIONSDEPARTMENTALPRINCIPALNURSE
MULTIPLE CLASS ROOMS: COMPUTER LAB, ART ROOM, 1ST, 2END, 3ERD, 4TH, 5TH
BATHROOMS
SKY BRIDGE
DORMS
GIRLS DOUBLES - SINGLES - STUDY SPACES
PRIMARY
PLAYGROUD
CANTEEN
GYM
MUSIC THEATER
ELEMENTARY
SECONDARY
YOGA AND MEDIATAION
ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES COLLEGE - SIENCE AND MATH ORIENTED CLASSROOMS AND LABORATORIES
FINE ARTS COLLEGE - INCLUDING THE BASE FLOOR WITH THE DANCE STUDIO, ART STUDIO AND MUSIC ORIENTED CLASSROOMS AND SPACES
LIBRAL ARTS COLLEGE- LANGUAGE, BUISNESS, RESERACH ORIENT-ED CLASSROOMS AND SPACES
THIS LAST LIBRARY WILL BE CONNECTED WITH THE SKY BRIDGES, AND BE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AS WELL AS THE OCCUPANTS OF THE BUILDING
LIBRARY
LIBRARY
DORMS
DORMS
DANCE STUDIO
SPECIALIZED CLASS ROOM LEVELS: LITERATURE AND BUSINESS, MATH AND SCIENCES, FINE ARTS
BATHROOMS
TEACHERS LOUNGE: KITCHENETTE, SEATING
KITCHEN - SERVING AREA - SEATING / TABLES
DORMS
BOYS DOUBLES - SINGLES - STUDY SPACES
BOYS DOUBLES - SINGLES - STUDY SPACES
GIRLS DOUBLES - SINGLES - STUDY SPACES
SECONDARY
WORK OUT ROOM, GYMNASTICS MATS, AND BASKETBALL COURT
MUSIC CLASSES, PERFORMANCE SPACE AND LARGE GROUP PRACTICE AREAS
LARGE OPEN MEDITATION SPACE, FOR ALL STUDENTS AND RESIDENTS ALIKE
ELEMENTARY
FULL OF VEGETATION, TO BE USED BY BOTH THE PRIMARY AND ELEMENTARY LEVELS
CHILDRENS LIBRARY, WITH READING AREAS AND STACKS, RENTABLE ONLY BY STUDENTS
TEACHERS LOUNGE
PUBLIC FLOOR BRIDGE CONECTION WITH RUNNING TRACK. LAP POOL ON RESIDENTIAL SIDE AT SAME LEVEL
LOBBY
STUDENT PICK UP AND DROP OFF
EXTERIOR SUNKEN IN PLAY GROUND AND PARK
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Atrium Plan
Classroom Plan
Dormitory Plan
Towers Skeleton: Floor plates are unique to each story of the building, changing with program requirement.
Opposite Page:Upper Left: Tower LayoutUpper Right: Exterior EscalatorLower Right: Village ConceptBottom: Elevator Layouts for General Public, Institutional, Residents.
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Left: Vertical Section
Right: Interior atrium showing students playground as well as the classrooms. Escalator is visible in the background,
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West Facade: Exterior skin designed to deal with wet and hot dry season.
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Altitude of 87
view of beach and sea
view of sunrise and sea
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Diagram showing main direction of Monsoon rains, sun paths, as well as the best views east and west to the sea nearby.
Detailed section showing exterior escalator and the green screen.
Air Circulation Diagram. Thanks to open atrium, stack effect is created to help air circulation within interior spaces.
Physical Model with surrounding towers.Model with bridge connections.
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60
Located in the heart of downtown Chicago, across from their international headquarters stands Boeing visitor center. The building corresponds to the step like pattern of the old Daily News newspaper building in the back. Each step acts as an individual program space, seeming to float above the existing plaza. Truss-like structure is inspired by the Boeing headquarters across the street and helps the visitor center support its large cantilevers. The building was placed based on the sun path in order to provide the best shading from the hot sun in the summer, but take advantage of it during the winter months.
Boeing Visitor Center Chicago, IL 2008
Diagrams showing location of the shadows on the site. Building is places so its glass facade receives maximum shading in the hot summer months and as much sunlight in the winter as possible.
Diagram showing the main views from the site and their importance.
Sun studies of the site which helped to determine the location on the building.
Site Plan
Summer at Noon Summer at 2:30pm Winter at Noon Winter at 2:30pm
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Building approach from the southeastFront elevation and section of the building. Different levels correspond to the step pattern of the building in the back, which acts as a support for part of the visitor center.
South Elevation South Section
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Above: Axonometric view showing main components of the building.
Below: Section. Step patter is clearly visible.
Ground Level
Retail Level
Auditorium Level
Temp. Exhibit Level
Main Exhibit Level
Restaurant Level
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Above: Birds eye view of west facade.Below: Interior view of the auditorium space.
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BB
A
Open Factory SpaceStorage and Support Space
Office Support SpaceTextiles and Support SpaceYoga SpaceMechanical SpaceParking Space
Office Space
Factory Spaces:
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Located west of downtown Chicago, in an old industrial neighborhood, lies Vosges chocolate factory. Similar to the all natural chocolate it produces the factory was designed with sustainability in mind. Thanks to the open atrium natural ventilation is used to cool the building spaces. Green roof not only helps to stabilize the temperature of the building but is designed to be accessible to its workers as well as to grow plants to be used in the chocolates. The factory contains many program spaces which are typically not associated with this building type such as yoga and performance space. The shapes of the spaces in the building are as individual as the program which they inhabit. The exterior design is based on a crystalline formation of eroding rocks in nature and is meant to contrast with the older, rectangular-shaped factories surrounding it.
Vosges Chocolate Factory Chicago, IL 2007
Underground Floor PlanSite Plan
Concept drawing showing different program of the factory.
Concept studies of the exterior facade.
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BB
A AA A
BB
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Birds eye view of the building and its surroundings.
First Floor Plan Second Floor Plan
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Front of the factory
Longitudinal Section
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69Transverse Section
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East Elevation
West Elevation
Yoga Room Interior
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71North Elevation
South Elevation
Factory Floor
Office Floor
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Above: View of the garden roof.Far Left: Physical model.Near Left: Physical corner detail.
Detail of the stack effect.
Typical detailed section and green roof detail.
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74
This project details the restoration of the Illinois prairie through the creation of a memorial preserve and the reverse use of the Jefferson grid. A grid will be created which forms the underlying geometry of the preserve. This grid is derived from the Jeffersonian grid which was created to tame the unknown land by the early settlers of the midwestern United States. The process of restoration will work in reverse, the grid will be de formalized by letting nature take its course. At first land will be maintained by the working personnel but with time less and less maintenance will be done to the land. After a certain point all of the land will be sold and no maintenance
Illinois Prairie Nature Preserve Du Quoin, IL 2008
Site Geometry and its derived site plan.
Site location and direction of the spread.
will be performed and the prairie will be allowed to grow freely. Every Individual will be able to buy an acre of land as everyone is equal on these grounds. On the edge of each plot a stone marker will be put to serve as a reminder for the future generations of what the land is used for so that it will remain untouched and undisturbed by humans. The place of burial is one of few places that everyone respects and does not disrupt. Individuals will have a choice of green burial in the landscape or being cremated. The choice of scattering the ashes on an individuals plot or being put in the chapels columbarium. The site also will include a family visitor center and a memorial garden.
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Jeffersonian grid and its division.
Breaking down of the grid into smaller divisions.
Time line of the main events taking place on the site.
Visualization of the nature taking back the site. As the time passes main grid roads will stop being maintained until prairie takes over the whole site with only stone markers remaining as a reminder.
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Chapel of the Nature Preserve
Sections
Plan
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View approaching the chapel from the south.
Submerged building viewed from the north. Interior view. Chapel opens into the prairie.
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Housing of the Nature Preserve
Plan
Section
Close up section of the housing.
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View approaching the chapel from the south.
Submerged building viewed from the north. Interior view. Chapel opens into the prairie.
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Summer Night Summer Day
Winter Night Winter Day
Spring/Fall Night Spring/Fall Day
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81
Spring/Fall Day:In the Spring as well as the Fall there is no need for running radiant cooling/heating since the temperature outside is perfect. All that has to be done is to move the air around the space. During the day people will heat up the air helping it rise and then be released by the window in the glass wall. The fresh cooler air will enter at the lower window and be released at the wind scoop.
Spring/Fall Night:During the night people will not heat the space so only air cross ventilation is necessary. The fresh cool air will enter at the lower window and be released at the wind scoop. The scoop because of its design creates low pressure areas when the air moves past is. This creates a suction effect witch will pull the air from the inside of the building.
Winter Day:During the winter day there is a big temperature differential between the outside and the inside so heating is necessary. Heat is lost thought building envelope, in this case mostly though windows. To heat the building geo-thermal piping will bring 54 degree water into the building. To help heat up the water even more, energy from the photovoltaic panels on the roof will be used to run the Water to Water heat exchanger bringing the temperature to 105 degrees. This hot water will circulate the floor slab and the ceiling panels and the heat from It will radiate into the space. Trickle vent above the window is used to get fresh air into the building.
Winter Night:During the night heating can be decreased so hot water only flows through certain Panels. To further insolate the building a roller shade is pulled down in front of the window. Once again geothermal piping will bring 54 degree water into the building. Stored energy from photovoltaic panels on the roof, which are used during the day, will be used to run the Water to Water heat exchanger bringing the temperature to 105 degrees. This hot water will circulate in the floor slab and the ceiling panels and the heat from it will radiate into the space.
Summer Day:During the summer day there is a big temperature differential between the outside and inside so cooling is necessary. Hot air gets into the building through its envelope, in this case though windows. In addition people in the space release energy. To cool the building geothermal piping will bring 54 degree water into the building. This cool water will circulate the floor slab. Since there is a big temperature difference, hot humid air when cooled will form condensation on the floor. This moisture will receive the heat from its hot surroundings and evaporate, in the process cooling the space. To help speed up the process cross ventilation will be used. Air will enter at the scoop and will be cooled by running thought the vent in the cool Ground, It will run though the building and exit at the top window along with the rest of the hot air that raises.
Summer Night:During the summer night there is a temperature differential between the outside and inside so cooling is necessary. Hot air gets into the building through its envelope, in this case though windows. To cool the building geo-thermal piping will bring 54 degree water into the building. This cool water will circulate the floor slab. Since there is a temperature difference. Warm humid air when cooled will form condensation on the floor. The moisture will receive the heat from its warm surroundings and evaporate, in the process cooling the space. To help the process cross ventilation will be used. Air will enter at the scoop and will be cooled by running thought the vent in the cool ground, It will run though the building and exit at the top of the window as it is being heat up and rises.
Environmental Control
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Located in the upper level of historic Crown Hall at the Illinois Institute of Technology. The installation is inspired by the word Molt.
Molt: To shed periodically part or all of a coat or an outer covering, such as feathers, cuticle, or skin, which is than replaced by a new growth.
Colorful wooden panels seem to fall down the stairs, while at the same time changing color from the dark browns to bright greens. Inspired by the changing spring season colors outside the Crown Hall.
Color Project Installation Chicago, IL 2005
View from the bottom
Close up view of the falling pieces with their colored edges.
View approaching the staircase
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Molt installation as viewed from the top.
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Located in the east corner of Illinois Institute of Technologys Crown Hall, was a Vertical twisting tower. The installation takes cues from what it means to be vertical at 17 feet tall. Light penetrates thin slits as they rotate 2.5 degrees every step reaching almost 18 feet to the top. The tower invites the user to come inside of it, feel surrounded and experience the twisting notions. The tower creates the feeling of movement and uneasiness, as it twists up. The project is completely made up of donated, recycled wood and contains no mechanical connections. Each section was made to be easily assembled and taken apart.
Verticality Project Installation Chicago, IL 2005
Above: Vertex concept of the tower.Left: Different iterations of the twist, and the chosen twist.Right: Overall views of the towerBottom: Detailed views of the tower.
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Parametric chair design as a mode of digital fabrication. Wishing for it to be ergonomic, the chair is inspired by the human form. The shape is derived from measurements of a human back. These points are then replicated digitally in the model as adjustable splines which form the surface of the chair. The chair can easily be customized and fabricated according to the needs of an individual person.
Parametric Chair Chicago, IL 2007
Scale Prototype
Curves of human spine Curve of the spine Possible curves of the spine whose points are measured and input into the program to producecustom seating surface.
Human in numbers
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Iteration 1
Iteration 2
Iteration 3
Thanks to parametric design nature of the chair, the possible de-signs are limitless.
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Selection of hand sketches made over the course of study at the university, of various subject matter.
Freehand Sketches Samples
Touch (color pencils)Nude 1 (browns pencil)
Old Man (charcoal)Nude 2 (pencil)
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Headless Statue (pencil)Statue (pencil)
Flower (color pencils)Human Statue (pencil)
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Photography Chicago, 2008-2009
Below: Michigan Avenue BridgeRight: Berghoff ClassicNext page left: Halsted BridgeNext page right: C.M.M.
Black and white photographs taken with 35mm film SLR camera. All prints are self developed in the dark room. Subject matter taken from three different project. First and third photographs selected from series Bridges which documented movable iron bridges in Chicago.
Photo number two taken from series Chicago which attempted to capture the classical sights of the city. Fourth photo taken from the series Portraits aimed to capture the spirit of the person through the use of photography.