archaic to periclean athens_ancient greece

8/7/2019 Archaic to Periclean Athens_Ancient Greece

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/archaic-to-periclean-athensancient-greece 1/25

http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/myth4web/05troygold.jpg.



Minoans + Mycenaeans =The Greeks

Origins of the Greeks: Minoans &

Mycenaeans 2800 B.C.E. - 1500 B.C.E.



Minoans(2800-1400 BCE)

Lived on island of CreteExisted during Egypt·s Old KingdomGovernment: Priest-kings

Religion: PolytheistsCities NOT surrounded by wallsShip Builders & TradersFarmingFishing

Overpowered by Mycenaeans by1400 BCE

http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/Myth3web/05atheseusmincan.jpg.



Minoan Art

Sculptures, Pottery, andFrescoes



Minoans created and traded pottery, leather, bronze armor, and metal jewelry. They also enjoyed sports such as boxing and bull leaping.

http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/Myth3web/05atheseusmincan.jpg



Minoan Fresco at the Palace of Knossos

http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/myth.html.



Minoan fresco:Prince of Knossos

http://www.graeco-roman.com/items/G4310.htm



Minoan Religion

PolytheistsMain god: Great Goddess, MotherEarth)



Minoan ReligionBuilt shrines on housetops, hilltops, and incaves ² Why hilltops? ² Why caves?

Offerings included: ² Human hair

² fruit ² flowers ² jewels ² gold

Mother Earth



The fall of Minoan civilization is described in the legendary

fight of Theseus, a young Greek prince and the Minotaur.

R elief Sculpture of Theseus and defeated Minotaur http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/Myth3web/05atheseusmincan.jpg



Mycenaeans(2000 - 900 BCE) Lower Greece (lowlands)

Built fortress-palaces on hilltopsEngaged in farming, herding, olivegrowing.Traded: gold & bronzeLearned from Minoans:Shipbuilding, navigation, gold &bronze work, fashions, art, writing.Better warriors than traders(pirates)Became most powerful people in

Aegean world by 1400 BCETrojan War (1200s BCE)Conquered by Dorians (late1200·s)



The ´Dark Ageµ (1100 -800 BCE)Civil wars broke outfollowing Trojan WarDorians conqueredMycenaeansAegean world beganera of ´wandering andkillingµ

Independentcommunitiesdeveloped

http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/myth4web/05troygold.jpg

Layered view of nine major settlements of Troy by Christopher Haussner based on archaelogicalexcavation.



Greek City-States (700 - 338 BCE)



Greek City-States

The Hellenes, or Greeks emerge from the Dark AgeThe Polis, or city-state was the center of Greek life

Polis structure: ² Acropolis (fortified hill) ² Agora (marketplace at foot of acropolis) ² Polis included homes, farming villages, fields, and

orchards http://www.indiana.edu/~kglowack/athens/acropolis.html



Greek Civics and PoliticsCivic and personal honor is one and the sameThe Polis (city-state) is above everything else

Greenblatt, Lemmo. Human Heritage. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill 1995 .



A New GovernmentSolon created 1stConstitution (594 BCE)

² Set of principles andrules for governing

Purpose: To endoligarchy and to

prevent uprisingagainst governmentby middle and lowerclass

http://www.indiana.edu/~kglowack/athens/images/07.017.JPG



The FirstDemocratic Constitution

Created by Cleisthenes in 508BCE (lasted 300 yrs.)Limits power of rich & landownershipAll male landowners could voteAll debts were erasedAll enslaved due to debt, werefreedAll Athenians became citizensand able to participate ingovernmentAssembly created to make laws

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekdemocracy_2.shtml

R epresentation of Cleisthenes



The Athenian Government Structure

AssemblyElected by Athenian males

over the age of 20; Served 1 year Made laws

Ten GeneralsElected by AssemblyRun Army and Navy

Coucil of Five HundredServed 2 years

Chosen by lot among citizensHandled daily business of Athens

Pericles

Commander-in-Chief Selected by the elected ten generals

http://norfacad.pvt.k12.va.us/project/pericles/Pericles.htm



Greek Religion

The most popular priestess was a priestess in the temple of Delphi.The Delphi was the center of the world for Greeks.

http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/27delphiview.jpg



Gods with human qualities

(anthropomorphism)

http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/mythslides1.html

PoseidenThe Courtship of Venus and Mars Aphrodite



Greek Theater

Began during festivalshonoring the godDionysus (600 BCE)Types of Plays ² Tragedies

AeschylusSophoclesEuripides

² ComediesOnly men could act inplaysA civic responsibility

http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/28feastofgods.jpg



The Great Greek PhilosophersSocratesPlato

Aristotle

http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/PHIL/cpshelle/Gallery/Greek/aristotle.jpg



Socrates (469-399 BCE)Stonemason, spenttime arguing withassembly

Taught: Questioneverything, use step-by-step questioning tofinal conclusion

(Socaratic Method)Executed for denyinggods, corrupting youth, and trying to

overthrow gov.

Greenblatt, Lemmo. Human Heritage. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill 1995

http://www.btinternet.com/~socratic/



Plato (427-347 BCE)Pupil of SocratesRecorded speeches of

SocratesFather of PoliticalScienceFounded The Academyto train governmentleadersWrote The Republic &

The Dialogueshttp://plato. evansville .edu/



Aristotle (384-322 BCE)Pupil of Plato at The

Academy

Trained in Medicine´Master of Them ThatKnowµFirst to classify plants& animalsDeveloped final stepsin scientific method

(Hypothesis and Test)

Plato Aristotlehttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html

archaic to periclean athens_ancient greece

Documents