archaeological report - knockhouse lower, co. waterford (ireland)

Issue 14 [ISSN 2009-2237]

Archaeological Excavation Report

03E1033 - Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford

Sub-circular enclosure and Bronze Age settlement site

Eachtra Journal

The Forge, Innishannon, Co. CorkTel: 021 470 16 16Fax: 021 470 16 28E-mail: [email protected] Site: www.eachtra.ie

Contact details:

Date August 2006

Written by:

Client:

Archaeological Excavation Report, Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford

IDA Irelandc/o John NorrisMalone O’ReganConsulting EngineersCatherine StreetWaterford

03E1033

Áine Richardson

Penny Johnston

Licence No.:

Licensee:

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Copyright Notice: Please note that all original information contained within this report, including all original drawings, photographs, text and all other printed matter deemed to be the writer’s, remains the property of the writer and Eachtra Archaeological Projects and so may not be reproduced or used in any form without the written consent of the writer or Eachtra Archaeological Projects.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................1

2 Development site location and topography..........................................................1

3 Archaeological and historical background ...........................................................1

4 Results ................................................................................................................2

4.1 Enclosure......................................................................................................2

4.2 East ditch .....................................................................................................2

4.3 West ditch ....................................................................................................4

4.4 Remaining enclosing elements ......................................................................5

4.5 Possible entrances to the enclosure ................................................................6

4.6 Circular structure with hearth .....................................................................6

4.7 Postholes ......................................................................................................7

4.8 Stakeholes ...................................................................................................8

4.9 Associated stakeholes, postholes and pits ......................................................9

4.10 The central area within the structure ...........................................................10

4.11 A possible ancillary structure .......................................................................10

4.12 Other features within the enclosure .............................................................10

4.13 External features ..........................................................................................11

5 Discussion .........................................................................................................12

6 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 16

7 Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 17

8 Figures ............................................................................................................... 19

9 Plates .................................................................................................................26

10 Appendices ........................................................................................................29

10.1 Context Register ..........................................................................................29

10.2 Finds Register ..............................................................................................81

10.3 Charcoal Identification Report ...................................................................103

10.4 Prehistoric Pottery Report ..........................................................................104

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Knockhouse Lower, Co Waterford 03E1033ISSUE 14: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237

10.4.1 The pottery................................................................................................. 104

10.4.2 Catalogue of vessels .................................................................................... 107

10.4.3 Discussion .................................................................................................. 116

10.4.4 Summary and conclusions .......................................................................... 120

10.4.5 Appendix 1 ................................................................................................ 121

10.4.6 Bibliography ............................................................................................... 127

10.5 Radiocarbon Results ...................................................................................130

10.6 Plant Remains Report ................................................................................131

10.6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 131

10.6.2 Methodology .............................................................................................. 131

10.6.3 Results ....................................................................................................... 131

10.6.4 Discussion .................................................................................................. 133

10.6.5 Non-Technical Summary ........................................................................... 134

10.6.6 References .................................................................................................. 134

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http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/03e1033-knockhouse-lower-co-waterford/

List of FiguresFigure 1: Discovery map with location of site ........................................................................................19

FigurFigure 2: RMP with location of site ............................................................................................. 20

Figure 3: Site location with area of development marked ......................................................................21

Figure 4: Site plan showing enclosure and associated features ...............................................................22

Figure 5: Round house showing all cut features ....................................................................................23

Figure 6: Round house showing postpipes and outlining the arc of the structure ................................ 24

Figure 7: Possible ancillary structure ....................................................................................................25

List of PlatesPlate 1: Plate 1 Post-excavation of site showing the enclosure ................................................................26

Plate 2: Collapsed bank material within the west ditch .........................................................................27

Plate 3: Post-excavation of the round house ...........................................................................................27

Plate 4: Post-excavation of pipe C.473 .................................................................................................28

Plate 5: In situ shot of pottery fragments within the ditch fills prior to excavation ................................28

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1 IntroductionIDA Ireland owns a 65 acre site in Knockhouse Lower, approximately 3 km west of Waterford City. This site is zoned for industrial development. One known archaeological site (Record of Monuments and Places WA00675), an enclosure, is located in the centre of the site, on the western side. This monu-ment is visible as a crop mark on an aerial photograph (Ordnance Survey AP 9859, Roll 95, Print 24), but there is no trace at ground level (Moore 1999, 20). Associated with the enclosure is a field system, (RMP WA00677), also identified from aerial photography.

The enclosure was excavated between July and October of 2003. It consisted of two ditches which formed three sides of a sub-circular enclosure. The fourth side exhibited some structural remains that may have continued the line of the enclosure, but no ditch was uncovered. The interior of the enclosure produced evidence of a round house, partial remains of a possible ancillary building, and a series of pits and stakeholes.

2 Development site location and topographyThe site is located on the outskirts of Waterford, c. 3 km west of the city (Figures 1 & 2). The river Suir is situated c. 1.25 km northwest of the site. The site is low lying, as is much of the county, and lies approximately 10.5 km north of the sea.

3 Archaeological and historical backgroundThe archaeological heritage of County Waterford is rich and varied. The earliest identified sites in the county include lithic scatters along the southern stretch of the River Barrow dating to the Early and Late Mesolithic as well as the Neolithic (Zvelebil et al. 1996).

Neolithic (c.4000BC-2400BC) settlement evidence was uncovered at Ahanaglogh c. 18 km to the southwest of Knockhouse Lower (Tierney 2005; Tierney et al. 2002), and two rectangular Early Neolithic house sites were excavated c. 3.5 km to the north, at Granny, Co. Kilkenny (Hughes 2005). Megalithic tombs, representing ceremonial and burial practices in the Neolithic, have been identified at Gaulstown, Knockeen and Ballinadud (portal tombs) to the south of Knockhouse Lower and a pas-sage tomb is located to the southeast at Harristown (Moore 1999).

Beaker settlement, which characterizes the change over from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (around 2500 BC) is also known from the county, with two settlement sites excavated at Ahana-glogh (Tierney et al 2002). Several burnt mounds, the typical and ubiquitous Bronze Age site type, have been excavated in the county, with a series of dated examples from the route of the N25 Kilmac-thomas by-pass producing a notable concentration of early Bronze Age dates (Ibid.). Burnt mounds have also been identified in the townland of Knockhouse Lower (Russell 2003). Other evidence for Bronze Age (c. 2500-500 BC) activity in the county includes settlement and ritual monuments in the Comeragh Mountains (Moore 1995). Within the immediate area around this site there have been ex-cavations of Neolithic, Middle and Late Bronze Age settlement activity in Knockhouse Lower and a Middle Bronze Age pit and posthole site in the neighboring townland of Carrickpherish (McQuade in preparation). To the northwest of the Knockhouse Lower enclosure there is a ringfort (Figure 3) and

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further to the north (Figure 2) there is a standing stone at Gibbethill (RMP WA009:015).

4 ResultsThe site (Figure 4) consisted of a sub-circular enclosure with a diameter of approximately 36 m; it was initially identified as a crop mark on an aerial photograph, with no trace at ground level. Three sides of the enclosure were formed by two ditches (recorded as the ‘east ditch’ and the ‘west ditch’). The fourth side was characterised by large pits/postholes and slot trenches which probably continued the line of the enclosure, despite the absence of a ditch. The enclosure surrounded a Bronze Age settlement site, with a sub-circular post and stake-built structure excavated near the centre of the enclosed area and an ancillary structure to the west. This report details the results of excavation at the site and the de-scriptions are broken down into context complexes: the enclosure, the internal structure, the ancillary building, other internal features and external features.

4.1 EnclosureThe sub-circular enclosure survived as two portions of a ditch (‘east ditch’ and ‘west ditch’) with a possible entrance to the north. These two ditches are contemporaneous; both contained the same type of pottery and had broadly similar phases and fills. No ditch was found at the fourth side of the en-closure, to the south, but other features such as pits, postholes and stakeholes (e.g C.24, C.43, C.90, C.121, C.145, C.168, C.177, C.181, C.196, C. 457, C.461, C.579, C.628, C.631 and C.633) continued the line of the ditch and indicated that despite the absence of a ditch the area was probably enclosed. The total circumference of the enclosure was approximately 120 m, with a diameter of roughly 36 m (Plate 1).

4.2 East ditchThe east ditch (C.427) was curvilinear and extended for a total length of 40 m. It was on average 1.4 m wide, with an average depth of 0.6 m. It curved at the northeast and extended towards the west to form a small part of the northern side of the enclosure. It also curved slightly at the southeast before terminating.

There were nineteen fills within the primary ditch (C.427) these were C.375, C.376, C.391, C.402, C.406, C.412, C.413, C.415, C.416, C.417, C.418, C.425, C.431, C.435, C.438, C.439, C.443, C.450 and C.451. They included gravel fills (C.406), deposits that resulted from natural silting (C.418 and C.451), as well as deliberate dumping (C.450, C.402 and C.425), re-deposited subsoil (C. 376, C.412 and C.417), collapsed bank material (C.375, C.415, C.416 and C.443) and several other deposits of unknown origin that accumulated in the ditch during its use (C.413, C.431, C.435, C.438, C.439 and C.450).

The earliest fills within this ditch appeared to be the result of both natural silting (e.g. C.418 and C.451) and deliberate dumping (for example a charcoal rich deposit such as C.450, and deposits with large quantities of ceramic fragments like C.402, a deposit of silty clay with 34 ceramic pieces (Finds 03E1033:402:1-34) that included base, body and rim sherds of Pot 9 (Appendix 4).

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Along the western edge of the ditch there was a substantial layer of re-deposited subsoil that contained frequent amounts of large stones (e.g. C.375, C.376, C.443). This appeared to be the remains of a low internal bank that had either slumped into the ditch or been deliberately pushed in. The recovery of this material along the western part of the ditch indicates that the bank probably stood on the inside rather than the outside of the enclosure and the evidence of slippage demonstrated that the bank was not particularly stable. Further indicators that it was unstable may perhaps come from the large stones that were found within some backfilled deposits of bank material (C.375 and C.443); the stone may have been used as a revetment to help keep the bank in place.

The earliest fills and the backfilling of the east ditch were recut at least once (Cuts C.347, C.401 and C.426), showing evidence for repeated use and maintenance of the site despite episodes of slumping and deliberate backfilling. At 0.6 m in depth, the original ditch was slightly deeper than any of the partial recut ditches (these ranged in depth from 0.39 m to 0.55 m). In addition, the recut ditch did not run for the entire length of the enclosure; where the east ditch began to turn at the northeast (towards the west) there was no evidence of a recut.

Recut C.347 ran between the southeastern and northeastern corners of the ditch and contained several deposits, including two main fills (C.317 and C.395). At its centre they overlapped slightly, with C.317 overlying (and therefore post-dating) C.395. C.317 was the sole fill of the recut for most of its southern half while C.395 was the sole fill of the recut for most of its northern half. Towards the northern end of the recut ditch C.395 was underlain by several fills, the earliest (lowest) was C.419, a deposit of stony clay with charcoal inclusions and ceramic sherds from Pot 1. It was overlain by C.414, a clayey silt with charcoal flecks. Above this was C.399, a silty clay which also contained several sherds of pottery from Pot 1 (Finds 03E1033:399:1-188) and produced oak charcoal (Appendix 6) that returned a Middle Bronze Age radiocarbon date of cal BC 1400-1133 (Appendix 5).

Overlying the dumped deposits that accumulated within the refill were several shallow layers that comprised the upper ditch fills (C.208, C.259, C.261, C.273, C.274, C.285, C.302 and C.303). Two of these (C.259 and C.208) were at its southern terminal. C.259 and C.302 were the uppermost fills. C.259 was underlain by C.208, which was rich in charcoal. These deposits may represent a deliber-ate back-filling episode, perhaps in order to level the ground surface. They were underlain by C.261, C.273, C.274 and C.285, all similar fills with occasional charcoal inclusions. C.302 lay over C.303, which in turn overlay C.317, one of the main fills of the recut.

The absence of silting layers within the recut ditches is an indicator of two things; firstly that the recut was not open for a very long time, as there was no time for natural silting to occur, and secondly it is a potential indicator that the ditch was deliberately backfilled. The fact that the fills within the recut ditch did not accumulate gradually along the line of the base of the ditch but were deposited as distinct dumps of material, from north to south, also suggests deliberate deposition.

Mixed within the fills of the recut ditch were pottery sherds from the same vessels as sherds found in the fills of the primary ditch. For example, sherds of the same vessel (Pot 1) were recovered from

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contexts within the recut ditch (C.395 and C.419) and from the primary ditch fill (C.431) and sherds from Pot 9 were found within the recut (C.375) and in the basal fill of the original ditch (C.402). In most cases the sherds from the same pottery vessels were found within a limited spatial area; e.g. de-spite the fact that sherds from Pot 1 were located within both primary and recut ditch fills, they were all found within three adjacent 5 m2 grid squares. Within C.399 almost two hundred pottery sherds were found in the same location rather than being dispersed throughout the fill. This suggests that the original deposition of pottery sherds was within the first ditch; the vessels were evidently disturbed by the recutting of the ditch and were redistributed throughout the fills of this second ditch later.

4.3 West ditchThe ‘west’ ditch (C.447) formed the majority of the northern side of the enclosure, and all of the west-ern side. It had two broad curves at the northwest and the southwest and it terminated at the south-west. The west ditch extended for a total circumference of 100.2 m. It contained eight fills (C.436, C.437, C.441, C.444, C.449, C.458, C.459 and C.460) in the primary ditch.

At the northern end of this ditch the primary ditch cut was filled by two basal fills C.460 and C.449, and several overlying deposits (C.436, C.437, C.444, C.458 and C.459) all clays and silts with moder-ate charcoal inclusions that probably accumulated as the enclosure was occupied. Of the upper fills, only C.436 and C.444 contained pottery sherds (03E1033:436:2-8 and 03E1033:444:1-3). At the southern terminal of the ditch there was a sterile layer of re-deposited subsoil (C.441) that may have slumped or been deliberately backfilled.

Like the eastern ditch, the west ditch had been recut (C.440) and there were six fills within this part of the recut ditch (C.420, C.429, C.430, C.432, C.433 and C.448).

C.440 was a recut of the west ditch, found only at its southern terminal. It was a linear cut that mea-sured 1.8 m northwest-southeast, was 0.8 m wide and 0.15 m deep. It had rounded corners at the northwest and southeast. This recut was not visible as a separate cut in any other part of the ditch. It was filled by a sequence of deposits (C.420, C.429, C.430, C.432, C.433 and C.448). The basal fill of the recut was C.432, a firm silty clay which contained frequent large stones, possibly part of a stone re-vetment from a dismantled bank. This deposit was overlain by a layer of re-deposited subsoil/collapsed bank material (C.429) which resembled deposits found elsewhere within the ditch (e.g. collapsed bank material in C.441, which was the fill of the primary ditch in this area of the site). Above this there was a series of smaller deposits (C.420, C.430, C.433 and C.448), some of which (e.g. C.433 and C.430), resembled C.429 and may also represent re-deposited/collapsed bank material. C.420 also contained large stones that may be remnants of bank revetments. This suggests that there was an internal bank within this side of the ditch, similar to the evidence retrieved from the east ditch. This was apparent along the inside (eastern edge) of the ditch for most of its length (Plate 2). However, there was no evi-dence of bank material at the northern part of the enclosure (orientated east-west), perhaps because it was destroyed by a later (second) recutting of the ditch (C.505).

Evidence of a second recut (C.505) was only available in some parts of the ditch: C.505 extended from

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the northeastern terminal of the ditch to approximately 6 m short of the southwestern end of the ditch. It was filled by C.436 (similar in nature to C.317 and C.395, the main fills of the recut in the east ditch). This deposit was the only fill removed from much of the length of the ditch where it ran east-west. This is either because the ditch was very shallow at this point so that the recut removed the entire original fill of the primary ditch, or because the recut extended beyond the limit of the original ditch, and that therefore there were no earlier fills to remove. The ditch was extremely shallow at this point, probably because the underlying bedrock was close to the surface and excavating a ditch would have been difficult. Close to the northern terminal of the ditch a hollow-based arrowhead was recovered from the fill of this late recut.

Pottery from the west ditch occurred along most of its length from the eastern side of the northwest corner to the southwest corner. There were hundreds of sherds, all identified as the same type as that recovered from the east ditch. However, it was absent along the northwestern curve of the ditch. The dearth of pottery in this area corresponds to the area of a recut ditch (C.440) suggesting that the ab-sence of pottery is due to disturbance caused by later activity at the ditch.

Most of the ceramic fragments from this ditch were found in C.460 and C.449. In C.460 the material included ceramic sherds from Pots 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16. The analysis of the vessel types indicated that a small thick-walled bowl (Pot 13), a large, straight-sided vessel with thin layers of charred material on the external surface (Pot 14) and a large urn (Pot 16) were included in the assemblage (Appendix 4). Pottery from C.449 was identified as material from Pot 16 and sherds from the same vessel were found in the overlying deposit (C.444) and in primary fills of the ditch C.447 (C.436, C.456 and C.460) and also in the fill (C.461) of a pit the was cut into the subsoil south of the ditch (C.456). This pit continued the line of the ditch beyond its southern terminal and the recovery of related pottery vessels strengthens the suggestion that it was part of a structure that continued the enclosure beyond the ditch terminals to the south.

4.4 Remaining enclosing elementsClose to the southeastern ditch terminal (of eastern ditch C.427) there were a series of linear features and postholes that continued the line of the ditch and probably indicate that this area was also en-closed despite the absence of a ditch. A row of three pits/postholes (C.121, C.145 and C.90) follow a similar arc to that of the ditch.

The first of these postholes (C.121) was located c. 5.1 m southwest of the southern terminal of ditch C.427. It measured 0.74 m by 0.6 m. A further c. 3 m to the southwest was another large posthole/pit (C.145) that measured 1.1 m by 0.54 m, and another c. 3.5 m to the southwest again was the third posthole (C.90) which measured 0.62 m by 0.5 m. This enclosure was supplemented by an internal line of slot trenches (C.24 and C. 181), a post (C.43) and stakeholes (C.168, C.177 and C.196). Approxi-mately 4 m from the southern terminal of the east ditch there was a linear cut (C.24); its remaining dimensions were 1.5 m in length by 0.3 m wide and it is possible that this linear represented the base of a foundation trench. At its western end it was cut by a large oval posthole (C.43) that measured 0.73 m long and 0.51 m wide. These features were probably related to C.181, a stone-lined founda-

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tion trench, found less than 1 m to the west of C.43. It measured 1.72 m long by 0.24 m wide. The three stakeholes were discovered southwest of C.181, along the same arc as the slot trenches C.24 and C.181). This double arc of features partially filled the gap between the southern terminals of the east and west ditches. There was an average space of c.2.5 m between the main cut features that continued the line of this east ditch and they extended beyond the ditch terminal for at least 12.3 m.

Postholes (C.631 and C.633) and pits (C.628, C.461 and C.457) were also found close to the southern terminal of the west ditch. These continued the line of the ditch for 5.1 m and it is likely that they acted as additional enclosing elements, similar to the features excavated at the terminal of the east ditch. However, this evidence for an additional enclosing element did not extend much more than 5 m beyond the limit of the ditch terminal and the central area between the two ditches had few additional signs of structural remains. The bedrock was high at this point and it may have prevented a more sub-stantial structure from being built.

4.5 Possible entrances to the enclosureThere were two possible entrances to the enclosure; one to the northeast and the other to the south-west. The northeastern entrance occurred between the terminals of the east and west ditches and was c. 2.7 m wide. No archaeological features were excavated in between these and therefore it was assumed that this was used as an entranceway for the settlement. There was also a gap in the enclosure to the southwest; at 7.1 m wide it was considerably larger than the northeastern entrance. The bedrock was very high at the southern part of the site and this may partially explain why no archaeological features were excavated in the area. That there was an entranceway at this point, as well as at the north, is also a possibility. The collection of features around the southern part of the enclosure, both internal and external, indicates general activity in the area, perhaps the kind to be expected near an entrance. By contrast there is no suggestion of this type of activity near the northeastern entrance. Two entrances at Bronze Age enclosure sites is an unusual occurrence, but it is a known feature of at some sites: a recently excavated example occurred at Enclosure 1, Ballybrowney 1, Co. Cork, where there was an entrance at the northeast and another at the southeast, both were c. 1 m wide (Cotter 2005).

4.6 Circular structure with hearth Towards the centre of the enclosure there was a series of stakeholes and postholes arranged in a circle around a central area of fire reddened clay (Figure 5, Plate 3). It measured c. 9 m in length (northeast-southwest) and 8 m in width (northwest-southeast). The western wall of the structure was approxi-mately 8 m from the west ditch. Most of the arc of the structure was defined by a series of pits and postholes, which became flattened to the southeast, where it was stake-built. A possible entrance-way was located in this part of the wall, facing southeast and towards the part of the enclosure where no ditch was found. The structure (Figures 5 & 6) was composed of eight postholes (C.504, C.503, C.594, C.636, C.661, C.660, C.569 and C.555) and four large stakeholes/driven posts (C.616, C.577, C.548 and C.546). The average size of the postholes was 0.49 m by 0.45 m and the average postpipe size was 0.28 m by 0.23 m. They were not always evenly spaced, but the average distance between the postholes was c. 3 m. There were several outlying post and stakeholes that were probably structural

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(C.567, C.572, C.600, C.605, C.609 and C.614) and a series of five pits (C.475, C.519, C.525, C. 529 and C.552) that lined the arc of the structure may also originally have had a structural function. Many of the postholes with postpipes were well preserved because there was evidence for burning in situ; it is possible that the pits found along the line of the house were originally structural features that avoided burning and were therefore not as clearly preserved as the postholes and postpipes.

4.7 PostholesA large posthole (C.504) was situated at the southwest corner of the structure. The posthole itself was circular with a diameter of approximately 0.47 m and a depth of 0.17 m. It was truncated by a test trench that was opened before the commencement of open plan excavation and it is possible that be-tween 0.05 m and 0.10 m of the archaeological deposits were removed. There were three fills within the posthole; C.472 was a rectangular post, (0.32 m long (north-south), 0.23 m wide and 0.16 m deep), that burned in situ. The wood charcoal present was identified as oak (Appendix 6) which returned a Middle Bronze Age radiocarbon date of cal BC 1450-1303 (Appendix 5). A sample from this deposit also produced high quantities of naked barley grains (Appendix 7). The posthole had two packing fills (C.497 and C.498), and a postpipe (C.473, Plate 4) that contained two fills: the post (C.472) burnt in situ and was surrounded by a deposit of fire reddened clay (C.496) which probably burned while the post was on fire. C.498 was re-deposited subsoil that was used to pack the post into place. It overlay a charcoal stained deposit of re-deposited subsoil (C.497) which was probably also used as a packing fill. C.504 was 2.30 m southwest of the first stakehole in the straight wall at the southeast of the structure (C.548) and 2.5 m southeast of the next posthole (C.503).

C.503 was situated at the southwestern portion of the structure, between two postholes (C.504, 2.50 m to the southeast and C.594, 4 m north-northwest). It was 0.52 m long (northeast-southwest), 0.49 m wide and 0.20 m deep. There were three fills within the posthole, one was a packing fill that held the original post in place (C.502). The void left by the post was 0.35 m long (north-south), 0.32 m wide and 0.17 m deep. It was rectangular in shape and reflected the shape of the original post, indicating that it was similar to the post (C.472) that was found within the posthole C.504, nearby. The void was filled by two charcoal rich fills (C.499 and C.500); unlike in C.504 these do not appear to have been the original post that was burnt in situ.

C.594 was rectangular in plan and 0.49 m long (northwest-southeast), 0.42 m wide and 0.20 m deep. Within C.594 there was a posthole fill (C.593) and a postpipe (C.592) with two fills (C.586 and C.603). The fills of the postpipe were cut by a later stakehole (C.590, filled by C.591). The postpipe indicated that the original post was sub-rectangular and measured 0.27 m long (northwest-southeast), 0.18 m wide and 0.20 m deep. The fills within the postpipe consisted mainly of the decomposed re-mains of the post (C.608) and material that silted up in the gap left by the post as it rotted (C.586). This indicates that the post within C.594 probably decomposed in situ.

Two more features, C.636 and C.661, were situated 2 m northeast of C.594. C.636 was 0.60 m long (east-west), 0.50 m wide and 0.30 m deep and oval in plan. Within it were a posthole/packing fill (C.635) and a postpipe (C.557) with a single fill (C.556). The postpipe was 0.28 m long (northeast-

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southwest), 0.20 m wide and 0.20 m deep. It was oval in shape and had an uneven base, with depres-sions at southwest and northeast, possibly the bases of two separate posts. Both of these posts had been removed, apparently at the same time, and the hole filled with surrounding sediment (C.556).

Situated just 0.25 m to the northwest of C.636 was a possible posthole C.661 which measured 0.52 m long (north-south), 0.40 m wide and 0.20 m deep. The dimensions were similar to the other postholes excavated within the structure but it was unlike them in that there was no evidence for a postpipe. It was filled by three deposits (C.654, C.655 and C.656). The edges of the posthole were lined by a deposit of burnt clay (C.656).

A sixth posthole, C.660, was situated 1.85 m northeast of C.661. The posthole was sub-circular with a diameter of approximately 0.45 m, and was 0.17 m deep. It was filled by a packing fill (C.659), with a postpipe (C.658) that contained one deposit (C.657). The post appeared to have been removed in antiquity. The post-pipe (C.658) was oval in shape and measured 0.21 m long (east-west), 0.17 m wide and 0.11 m deep.

Lying 1.9 m east of C.660 was a seventh posthole, C.569. It was sub-circular in plan with a diameter of 0.46 m and a depth of 0.22 m and it contained a packing fill (C.568) and a post-pipe (C.566) that was sub-circular in plan with a diameter of 0.29 m and a depth of 0.15 m. The postpipe was filled by C.542, which appeared to be similar to the surrounding sediment, and probably filled the void when the post was removed in antiquity. The pattern of deposition in this posthole was very similar to that exhibited in C.660 and C.661.

The final posthole, C.555, was situated 4.10 m southeast of C.569. It was sub-circular with a diameter of approximately 0.42 m and it was 0.17 m deep. It cut a larger pit, C.579. It contained a packing fill (C.554) and a postpipe (C.541), which was oval in shape and measured 0.30 m long (southwest-north-east), 0.22 m wide and 0.19 m deep. Two post-pipe fills were apparent, C.526 and C.539; the first fill (C.526) was charcoal rich and represented a burned in situ post. This was partially charred at the top and it decayed further after burning, leaving a deposit (C.539) that was silty in nature and appeared to be the rotted in situ remains of the base of the post.

4.8 Stakeholes The straight line of stakeholes ran from posthole C.504 and C.555. It covered a gap that was 8.1 m wide, filled by a row (4.3 m in length) of four stakeholes.

C.616 was situated 1.55 m south of C.555, and was the first in a line of four stakeholes. The stakehole was circular in plan with a diameter of 0.25 m. It was 0.10 m deep, but may have been truncated by test excavations carried out in early 2003. It was filled with C.615, a silty clay that resembled the sur-rounding sediment and probably filled the gap left when the stake was removed in antiquity.

The second stakehole, C.577, was situated 0.50 m southwest of C.616. It was sub-circular, had a maxi-mum length of 0.26 m and depth of 0.17 m and it was filled by C.576. Again, the stake appeared to have been deliberately removed in antiquity.

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C.546 was the third stakehole and was situated 2.50 m southwest of C.577. It was circular in plan with a diameter of 0.21 m and a depth of 0.19 m. It was filled with C.544 and C.545. The former appears to have been a capping layer, while the latter formed the main fill of the stakehole. A sample from this fill produced high quantities of cereal grains, in particular grains of naked barley and some emmer wheat (Appendix 7).

The final stakehole (C.548) was situated 0.46 m southwest of C.546. The stake appeared to have been removed in antiquity and the hole filled with surrounding sediment (C.547). The stakehole was circu-lar in plan with a diameter of 0.21 m and a depth of 0.19 m.

4.9 Associated stakeholes, postholes and pitsThere were several outlying post/stakeholes (C.600, C.605, C.609 and C.614) just outside the stake-built part of the structure, near the entrance. The nearest one was c. 1 m from the line of the structure and the furthest away was c. 4 m. On average these measured 0.26 m in length, 0.195 m in width and 0.1 m in depth. They were not arranged in a pattern, but they may have acted as pegging if the wall or door of the structure was made of hide or textile.

C.572, a posthole (0.53 m long x 0.41 m wide and 0.33 m deep) was found outside the structure wall at the southwest, 1.9 m to the south-southeast of posthole C.503 and 1.6 m to the southwest of posthole C.504. In total it was c. 1m from the line of the structure. If it served as roof support this suggests that the overhang from the roof was considerable.

A large stakehole (C.567) was situated 0.30 m northeast of C.569 (a posthole located within the arc of the structure, at the north-northeast). C.567 was 0.28 m in diameter, had a depth of 0.17 m and was filled by C.611. It leaned towards the southwest and therefore may have acted as a support for the post that was in C.569.

Several pits of unknown function were situated along the line of the structure in areas where walls or wall supports would be expected. Because of the shape of the cuts or the sequence of the deposits these were interpreted as pits rather than postholes although their exact function remains unknown. Despite the fact that they were morphologically different from the postholes excavated, they may originally have acted as structural elements.

In between postholes C.503 and C.504 there were two pits (C.529 and C.525). C.529 was located 0.6 m to the southeast of C.503. It was a sub-circular pit that cut the subsoil, and was filled by a single clayey silt deposit with charcoal flecks (C.528). It measured 0.7 m x 0.62 m x 0.3 m. C.525 was another pit located 0.44 m to the east-southeast of pit C.529 and 0.3 m west of posthole C.504. C.525 was a sub-circular pit filled by a sandy clay deposit with charcoal flecks (C.524); it measured 0.73 m x 0.69 m x 0.38 m.

Another pit (C.475) was found along the arc of the structure towards the north; it was 0.2 m to the east of C.660 and 0.8 m to the southwest of C.569 and, like the pits C.529 and C.525, it followed the line of the structure. It had an oval cut with rounded corners, a silty clay fill (C.474) and it measured

10



0.94 m east-west x 0.42 m x 0.14 m.

Situated 1.65 m southeast of C.569 was another ambiguous feature, C.552. It was situated in the likeli-est position to be occupied by another posthole, but had unusual fills and was interpreted as a pit. It measured 0.6 m in diameter and 0.16 m deep. It contained five fills (C.551, C.538, C.537, C.532 and C.527) and a stakehole (C.550) was cut into one of the fills. The pit was truncated by another pit C.519 which had seven fills (C.480, C.481, C.482, C.483, C.484, C.513 and C.514) and it measured 0.34 m in diameter and was 0.28 m deep.

4.10 The central area within the structureThe central area consisted of intensely burned subsoil covering an area that measured 0.32 m in di-ameter. This was probably a hearth and it was surrounded by eleven small stakeholes (C.479, C.486, C.487, C.491, C.492, C.494, C.510, C.512, C.521, C.523 and C.588). The largest of the stakeholes were C.479 (0.19 m by 0.16 m x 0.12 m) and C.512 (0.21 m x 0.13 m x 0.09 m). The remaining stakeholes measured on average 0.12 m x 0.08 m x 0.1 m. They were not arranged in any pattern and probably represent haphazard insertion of stakes, as they were required, around a central hearth. The area of activity around and including the hearth measured 1.22 m in length (north-northwest - south-southeast) x 1 m across. There were two outlying stakeholes (C.589 and C.587) that were found between 0.7 and 0.9 m to the southwest of the burnt clay.

4.11 A possible ancillary structureApproximately 3 or 4 m west of the house there was a group of features; small pits (C.320 and C.570) stakeholes (C.318, C.332, C.344, C.352, C.353, C.363, C.364, C.531, C.583 and C.585), postholes (C.338 and C.508) and a plank-hole (C.518). Stakes in stakeholes C.344 and C.332 evidently leaned in towards one another and they may have been propped up against one another. This group of features were arranged in a rough ‘L’-shape near various spreads of clay, for example C.344, C.332 and C.353 cut into and surrounded the perimeter of a spread of light grey clay. These spread may have represented occupation surfaces and this stake and post formation suggests that this was the partial remains of a small or anciliary structure associated with the round house. One of the posts (C.564, postpipe within C.570) appears to have burnt in situ and the remains of an upright plank (C.518), with a charcoal rich fill, may also have been burnt in situ.

Northwest of this concentration of activity a medium-sized pit (C.649) was excavated. It was 0.66 m in diameter and circular in plan and it contained charred plant material that was burnt in situ. It had two fills with moderate charcoal inclusions and a concentration of cereal grains, in particular glume wheats (such as emmer) and naked barley (Appendix 7). The plant material was similar in composi-tion and preservation to the material found within the structure. The similarities may suggest that the anomalous cut features represent another structure that was associated with domestic or agricultural activities including crop storage.

4.12 Other features within the enclosureT here was another area of archaeological activity within the eastern part of the enclosure, where sev-

11



eral excavated features (e.g pit C.649, slot trench C.394, posthole C.233, a series of intercutting pits and many stakeholes) were clustered together. The archaeological remains did not form any coherent pattern and reflect anomalous areas of archaeological activity within the enclosure.

Roughly 11 m north of the southern terminal of the east ditch, c. 0.2 m inside the east ditch, there was a posthole C.233 (c. 0.2 m in diameter), which was approximately 0.2 m west of several inter-cutting pits (C.287, C.296, C.297, C.313, C.322 and C.381) that were found near the ditch. In the area to the west and south of this there was a scatter of isolated stakeholes (C.212, C.221, C.230, C.238 and C.358) and approximately 1.5 m to the north there was a slot trench that protruded from the ditch (C.394) and projected westwards for c. 1.3 m, terminating in a pit (C.389). The pit was recut (C.369) suggesting repair/reuse.

4.13 External featuresThe area outside the enclosure was also characterised by intermittent archaeological activity. The most intensive traces were excavated at the southern end of the enclosure. Near the southern terminal of the East ditch there were two pits outside the ditch; C.398 was 1 m east of the ditch and C.400 was 0.6 m further east again. Approximately 7.2 m south of the southern terminal of the East Ditch there was a series of pits (C.66, C.169 and C.194) and approximately 2 m to the west of this there was another larger pit (C.198; 1.08 m x 0.52 m) with two smaller pits/postholes set into it (C.139 and C.189). There was a small stakehole (C.164) 1 m east of this. Further west again there was an arc of five stakeholes (C.136, C.142, C.152, C.160 and C.158) and two pits (C.80 and C.122). In general these pits and stakeholes did not conform to any coherent structural pattern, but their existence nonetheless indicates that the area outside the enclosure was occupied on an ad hoc basis.

12



5 DiscussionThe site at Knockhouse Lower comprised a sub-circular enclosure (with an approximate diameter of 36 m) which surrounded a round house and associated occupation remains. The radiocarbon and pot-tery dates from the site indicate a period of relatively short-lived occupation at this site in the Middle Bronze Age (1500-1000 BC), in particular covering the period 1400-1133 BC.

The building at Knockhouse Lower consisted of an arc of postholes and a line of stakeholes at the southeast. In several cases it was evident that the structural posts had been squared-off. Within post-hole C.504 there was a post (C.472) that burnt in situ and was rectangular in plan. Post-pipes within C.503, C.594 and C.636 were also rectangular in plan. These posts were all situated to the south, southwest and west of the arc of posts. In contrast, the northwestern, northern and eastern posts of the arc (represented by postpipes evident within C.660, C.569 and C.555) were all oval or sub-circular in plan (see Figure 6).

Oak was identified as the building material used in the house (from the in situ burnt post, C.472). As one of the hardest and most common wood types available in prehistoric Ireland this has several parallels; oak was also identified as structural material from Structure 12 at Chancellorsland, Co. Tipperary (Doody 2000). Both the sub-circular and the squared off posts were of similar dimensions, (approximately 0.3 m x 0.2 m). These were relatively substantial posts and their size, combined with the identification of oak as a building material, suggests a substantial building. There was no evidence for internal supports and no indication of potential roofing material.

The postpipes from Knockhouse Lower were approximately 0.26 m in diameter (average length 0.29 m and average width 0.23 m); some experimental data suggests that half a centimetre of oak wood can survive fifteen years (Wainwright and Longworth 1971) and this would suggest a potential lifespan of around sixty years for the Knockhouse Lower building without the necessity for substantial repair.

The absence of posts at the southeastern part of the structure indicates that the wall of the structure was less substantial there, possibly a wattle screen, and the entrance to the structure may also have been placed at this part of the building. The most likely entrance was the 2m gap at the centre of this wall, flanked on either side by two stakeholes. This entrance was very wide and may have been covered by hide or textile, with several small stakeholes immediately outside the building perhaps representing temporary pegging of the doorway when it was kept open.

The outline of the structure has been plotted in Figure 6, incorporating most of the postholes and pits. Several cut features do not fit into the arc (e.g. postholes C.572, C.567 and C.660) and these may represent support features, for example a row of external posts, that have survived in some parts of the site but were not possible to trace in other areas.

The remains of a rough ‘L’-shaped line of stakes and planks may represent another building; the re-mains are only partial but the ground plan suggests a rectilinear outline, rather than a circular struc-ture. Although this is relatively unusual in Bronze Age buildings, there are several examples of timber rectilinear structures (eight listed in Doody 2000) and circular and rectilinear examples occur at the

13



same sites, for example at Chancellorsland, Co. Tipperary (Ibid.).

There are several parallels for house/settlement sites that date to the Middle Bronze Age; Doody (2000) lists eighteen excavated houses, of which thirteen were circular, and notes a large range in the struc-tural dimensions of the excavated examples. Since the publication of Doody’s work several more house sites with Middle Bronze Age dates have been excavated; e.g. Kilmurry North, Co. Wicklow (Ó Néill 2003), Cultragh, Co. Sligo (MacDonagh 2005), Knockdomny Co. Westmeath (Hull In preparation) and Mitchelstown 1 (Cotter 2006) in Co. Cork. The Knockhouse Lower house site, measuring 9 m by 8 m, is roughly an average dimension for circular Middle Bronze Age houses. Houses built to approxi-mately the same scale as this include Knockdomny, Co. Westmeath, which had an internal diameter of 8.5 m (Hull in preparation), Mitchelstown 1 Structure A, Co. Cork, 9.7 m x 8.5 m (Cotter 2006) and Kiloran 8 Structure A, Co. Tipperary, which was 9 m in diameter (Cross May et al. 2005). There are much smaller examples of houses known; the nearest contemporary house site was located c. 100 m to the southeast of the Knockhouse Lower enclosure (McQuade in preparation) and it was classified as a hut due to its small size, just 3.2 m in diameter, and the absence of an internal hearth.

The construction method at Knockhouse Lower (sub-circular made from a single row of posts and stakes) has parallels with many other Bronze Age houses and, of ten sub-circular Bronze Age houses surveyed, Doody (2000) noted that all but one were constructed from a single setting of posts without a footing trench.

There are some comparative examples of enclosed lowland settlements dating to the Middle Bronze Age: at Chancellorsland, Co. Tipperary several structures were enclosed by ditches and this phase of the settlement produced Middle Bronze Age dates (Doody 1996 & 2000). More recent excavations at Ballybrowney in Co. Cork revealed three enclosures of Bronze Age dates and several round houses, both enclosed and unenclosed (Cotter 2005). The closest parallel to Knockhouse Lower was Enclosure 2 at Ballybrowney, which had an estimated 37 m diameter. It produced radiocarbon dates from the Early Bronze Age for the outer ditch and Middle to Late Bronze Age for the incomplete inner ditch. There was a concentration of archaeological features (metalled surfaces and postholes) within the en-closure, suggesting settlement, although because it was not fully excavated (much of the site lay outside the road take) this is not certain.

The Ballybrowney enclosures are also comparable to the site at Knockhouse Lower because they were associated with four unenclosed houses that were near contemporary. At Knockhouse Lower a con-temporary unenclosed house/hut lay just 100 m outside the enclosure (McQuade in preparation). This indicates that, although single houses surrounded by an enclosure are a recognised feature of the Irish Bronze Age; there are excavated examples at Carrigillihy, Co. Cork (O’Kelly 1951), Cullyhanna, Co. Armagh (Hodges 1958) and Kilsharvan, Co. Meath (Russel and Corcoran 2003); these settlement sites were not necessarily isolated units. There is also evidence of multiple house sites: three houses at Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork (Cotter 2006), a series of enclosures and huts excavated at Ballybrowney 1, Co. Cork (Cotter 2005), three hut sites at Curraghatoor, Co. Tipperary (Doody 1987) and an en-closure around multiple structures at Chancellorsland, Co. Tipperary (Doody 2000). The evidence

14



of archaeological activity beyond the confines of the Knockhouse Lower enclosure, the proximity of other hut and hearth sites of a similar date (in MCQuade in preparation), all suggest that the Middle Bronze Age occupation at Knockhouse Lower extended beyond the limits of the enclosure.

The pottery from the site was identified as Domestic Cordoned Urn and the types of pot found in-cluded a good range of vessel-shapes: open straight-sided pots, barrel-shaped vessels, a tall waisted vessel, bowls, scoops and drinking vessels or beakers (Brindley 2005 Appendix 4). Brindley (2005) considers this assemblage to belong to a single date and cultural identity on the basis of the context (the fills of the ditch of an enclosure) in which it was found, the range of pastes, methods of construc-tion and finishing, and the shapes of the pots themselves. The lower parts of the pots appeared to have a rougher character than the upper parts, probably because towards the base they were prone to wear and suffered more damage, e.g. contact with fire, which has led to a loss of the original surface. Some sherds had charred deposits which occurred on either the inner or the outer surface and very occasion-ally on the broken edges, indicating that the pottery had been in contact with fire after breakage and while still retaining traces of the original contents (the vessel may have broken during cooking or if the settlement was burnt down).

Cordoned Urns are usually found in burial contexts and it is relatively rare to retrieve this pottery type from domestic contexts. Most noted examples are from the north of the country, with records from sandhill sites in counties Antrim, Derry and Down, and at Ballyrenan, Downpatrick, and Sheepland, all in Co. Down and at Moynagh Lough in Co. Meath (Waddell 1998). There are more recently exca-vated examples from secondary contexts at settlement sites in Rathmullan Site 10, Co. Meath (Bolger 2003) and Kilbride, Co. Wicklow (Breen 1998). The closet parallel to Knockhouse Lower is perhaps at Colp West, Co. Meath, a ‘D’-shaped enclosure where cordoned urn fragments were found; although there was no structure within the enclosure there was a Middle Bronze Age structure located outside it (Clarke and Murphy 2003). The distribution pattern for this pottery type is generally quite northerly, but the Knockhouse examples fit into the scattered clusters found outside the main distribution pat-tern, in particular in counties Galway, Limerick and Waterford, with most other examples from Co. Waterford coming from burials (Waddell 1998).

Analysis of charred plant material from deposits associated with the house suggest that some of the food that was being cooked in the pottery vessels may have been porridges or gruels made from naked barley or glume wheats (emmer), as these were the most common cereal types recovered from the site (Appendix 7). While barley is often the most common cereal type from Bronze Age settlement sites, it is often a hulled variety. The widespread retrieval of naked barley from Knockhouse Lower may again suggest a ‘special’ aspect to the diet or the arable agriculture that was carried out at the site. No animal bone was recovered during the excavation, presumably because preservation conditions were unsuit-able, and there is therefore no other evidence of the diet at the site.

The retrieval of pottery from some original ditch fills suggests that the ceramics were initially depos-ited in these fills. Recutting of the ditch disturbed these deposits, and broken pot fragments became incorporated into the re-deposited materials within the fills of there cut ditches (Plate 5). The recutting

15



of the ditches indicates continued use and maintenance over an extended period.

It is possible that the enclosure of the settlement at Knockhouse Lower set its occupants apart and may, in part, have reflected social status. The rich assemblage of pottery from this site (c. 1000 ce-ramic sherds) also suggests a certain amount of surplus wealth (see Cleary 2000). In addition, the widespread retrieval of naked barley from Knockhouse Lower is somewhat unusual; barley is often the most common cereal type from Bronze Age settlement sites, but it is frequently hulled varieties rather than naked grains that are retrieved. Therefore these results may again suggest a ‘special’ aspect to the settlement of this site.

However, several archaeological features were also excavated outside the enclosure, indicating that oc-cupation went beyond the enclosure and included the area immediately outside the ditches. Combined with the evidence for Middle Bronze Age settlement at other sites nearby (McQuade in prep.), this suggests that the settlement site was not necessarily socially isolated, even though it was set slightly apart. Similarly, at Ballybrowney Co.Cork the enclosures were associated with four unenclosed houses that were near contemporary (Cotter 2005), indicating that enclosed settlements were not necessarily isolated units of settlement.

16



6 ConclusionsThe site at Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford consisted of a sub-circular enclosure with a diameter of approximately 36 m; it was initially identified as a crop mark on an aerial photograph, but there was no trace at ground level. Three sides of the enclosure were formed by two ditches (recorded as the ‘east ditch’ and the ‘west ditch’). The ditches had similar morphology, fills and phases of use and most of the ditch deposits contained large amounts of Domestic Cordoned Urn pottery fragments. There was no evidence for a ditch at the south of the site, but in this area there was some evidence that an enclosing structure continued beyond the line of the ditch; slot trenches, postholes and stakeholes were excavated.

The ditches surrounded a Bronze Age settlement site; at the centre of the enclosed area a series of stake-holes and postholes were found. They were arranged in a circle around a central area of fire reddened clay and were interpreted as the remains of a single structure. This internal structure was c. 9 m long (northeast-southwest) and 8 m wide, and was composed of eight postholes and five large stakeholes/driven posts, as well as five anomalous pits that were possibly originally structural. In plan its shape echoed the overall shape of the enclosure. At the centre of the structure there was an area of intensely burned subsoil surrounded by thirteen small stakeholes.

Other features excavated within the enclosure included pits, stakeholes and slot trenches, but these did not follow any discernible pattern and were therefore interpreted as being related to the general occu-pation of the site rather than being structural in nature. Several external features were also excavated, indicating that occupation went beyond the enclosure and included the area immediately outside the ditches.

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7 BibliographyBolger, T. 2003. Rathmullan Site 10, Co. Meath, in Bennet, I. (ed.) Excavations 2001. Bray,

Wordwell.

Breen, T. 1998. Kilbride, Co. Wicklow, in Bennet, I. (ed.) Excavations 1997. Bray, Wordwell.

Brindley, A. L. 2005. Report on the prehistoric pottery from an excavation at Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford (03E1033), Unpublished Specialist Report for Eachtra Archaeological Projects (Appendix 4 this report).

Clarke, L. and Murphy, D. 2003. Colp West, Co. Meath, in Bennet, I. (ed.) Excavations 2001. Bray, Wordwell.

Cleary, R. 2000. The potter’s craft in prehistoric Ireland, pp. 119-134 in Desmond, A., Johnson, G., McCarthy, M., Sheehan, J. and Shee Twohig, E. New Agendas in Irish Prehistory. Bray, Wordwell.

Cotter, E. 2006. Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork 04E1072, Unpublished excavation report for Eachtra Archaeological Projects.

Cotter, E. 2005. Bronze Age Ballybrowney, County Cork, pp. 37-44 in O’Sullivan, J. and Stanley, M. (eds.) Recent Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes 2004. Dublin, NRA.

Cross May, S., Murray, C., Ó Néill, J. and Stevens, P. 2005. Catalogue of Dryland sites, in Gowen, M. (ed.) The Lisheen Mine Archaeological Project 1996-8. Bray, Wordwell.

Doody, M. 1996. Ballyhoura Hills Project, interim report, Discovery Programme Reports 4, 15-25. Dublin, Royal Irish Academy.

Doody, M. 2000. Bronze Age houses in Ireland, in Desmond, A., Johnson, G., McCarthy, M., Sheehan, J. and Shee Twohig, E. New Agendas in Irish Prehistory. Bray, Wordwell.

Hodges, H.W.M. 1958. A Hunting Camp at Cullyhanna Lough, near Newtown Hamilton, County Armagh, Ulster Journal of Archaeology 21, 7-13.

Hughes, J. 2005. Two Neolithic structures in Granny townland, County Kilkenny, pp. 25-35 in O’Sullivan, J. and Stanley, M. (eds.) Recent Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes 2004. Dublin, NRA.

Hull, G. In Preparation. Excavation of a Bronze Age Round House at Knockdomny, Co. Westmeath, Submitted to The Journal of Irish Archaeology.

MacDonagh, M. 2005. Valley bottom and hilltop; 6,000 years of settlement along the route of the N4

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Sligo Inner Relief Road, pp. 9-23 in O’Sullivan, J. and Stanley, M. (eds.) Recent Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes 2004. Dublin, NRA.

McQuade, M. In Preparation. Archaeological Excavation of Pre-historic settlement sites at Knockhouse Lower and Carrickpherish, Co. Waterford, Submitted to Decies.

Moore, M. J. 1999. Archaeological Inventory of County Waterford. Dublin, The Stationary Office.

Moore, M. 1995. A Bronze Age settlement and ritual centre in the Monavullagh Mountains, County Waterford, Ireland, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 61, 191-243.

Ó Néill, J. 2003. Kilmurry North, Co. Wicklow (01E0572), in Bennet, I. (ed.) Excavations 2001. Bray, Wordwell.

O’Kelly, M.J. 1951. An Early Bronze Age Ring-fort at Carrigillihy, Co. Cork, Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society 56, 69-86.

Russell, I. 2003. Archaeological Excavation of Woodstown 6, N25 Waterford By-pass Archaeological investigation, Contract 1 http://www.nra.ie/Archaeology/N25WaterfordBypass-Woodstown.

Tierney, J. 2005. Final report on excavation of sites under licence 98E575. Unpublished report for Eachtra Archaeological Projects.

Tierney, J., Richardson, A. and Frazer, B. 2002. Ahanaglogh-Graigueshoneen. Prehistoric, pp. 328-31 in Bennet, I. (ed.) Excavations 2000. Bray, Wordwell.

Waddell, J. 1998. The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland. Bray, Wordwell.

Wainwright, G.J. and Longworth, L.H. 1971. Durrington Walls: excavations 1966-1968. London: Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London 29.

Zvelebil, M., Macklin, M.G., Passmore, D.G. and Ramsden, P. 1996. Alluvial archaeology in the Barrow Valley, southeast Ireland: the “Riverford” culture revisited, The Journal of Irish Archaeology 7, 13-40.

http://www.nra.ie/Archaeology/N25WaterfordBypass-Woodstown

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1845

Fill

of p

itG

reyi

sh w

hite

ash

y.19

45Fi

ll of

pos

thol

eM

ottle

d gr

eyish

bro

wn.

2045

Fill

of p

osth

ole

Gre

yish

whi

te a

shy.

2145

Spre

adD

ark

grey

ish b

row

n sil

ty c

lay.

2245

Fill

of p

it C

.23

Ash

y w

hite

.23

45C

ut o

f pit

Shal

low

2445

Cut

of p

itSh

allo

w li

near

feat

ure

whi

ch m

ay h

ave

repr

esen

ted

the

base

of a

foun

datio

n tr

ench

2545

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

C.2

626

45C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.25

2745

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

C.2

8

30



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

2845

Cut

of s

take

hole

, fill

C.2

729

45Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.30

3045

Cut

of s

take

hole

, fill

C.2

931

45C

ut o

f pit

0.2

N-S

x 0

.181

x

0.07

Irre

gula

r sha

ped

cut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. G

radu

al

brea

k of

slop

e to

p at

N, i

mpe

rcep

tible

at S

, sha

rp a

t E

and

W. S

ides

mod

erat

e an

d sm

ooth

at N

and

S,

stee

p an

d co

ncav

e at

E, v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at W

. Br

eak

of sl

ope

base

gra

dual

at N

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Ba

se c

onca

ve. F

illed

with

C.6

, cut

into

subs

oil.

Non

eSS

2

3245

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

C.3

333

45C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

illed

with

C.3

2 an

d C

.37

3422

Spre

adM

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n ch

arco

al sp

read

.35

22Po

ssib

le p

it fil

l36

45Sp

read

Ligh

t gre

yish

bro

wn

clay

.37

45Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.33

Cha

rcoa

l ric

h38

45Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.39

Mid

gre

enish

bro

wn

silty

cla

y in

pos

tpip

e C

.39,

pa

cked

in p

lace

with

C.4

0 in

pos

thol

e C

.43.

3945

Cut

of p

ostp

ipe

in p

osth

ole

C.4

3Fi

lled

with

C.3

8, p

acke

d in

pla

ce w

ith C

.40

in

post

hole

C.4

3.40

45Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.43

Pack

s C.3

9 w

hich

is fi

lled

with

C.3

8 in

pla

ce.

4145

Spre

adLi

ght w

hitis

h br

own.

4245

Fill

of p

itM

id b

row

n ch

arco

al fl

ecke

d. F

ill o

f C.4

6?43

45C

ut o

f pos

thol

eFi

lled

with

C.4

0 w

hich

pac

ks p

ostp

ipe

C.3

9 w

ith

fill C

.38

in p

lace

.44

45/4

6Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e45

45/4

6C

ut o

f sta

keho

le46

45C

ut o

f pit

47A

llSu

bsoi

lEx

tens

ive

4845

Spre

adLi

ght w

hitis

h br

own.

4945

Whi

tish

mot

tled

clay

.50

45/4

6Sp

read

Whi

tish

grey

fill

of C

.60

5145

Poss

ible

fill

of st

akeh

ole

5245

Poss

ible

cut

of s

take

hole

31



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

5345

Fill

of p

it or

pos

thol

eYe

llow

ish b

row

n pi

t fill

or p

acki

ng fi

ll.54

45O

rang

ish b

row

n m

ottle

d cl

ay55

45Sp

read

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

silty

cla

y.56

45Fi

ll of

pit

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n.57

45M

ottle

d gr

eyish

cla

y58

45Li

ght o

rang

ish b

row

n cl

ay59

45C

ut o

f slo

t tre

nch

6045

/ 46

Cut

of f

eatu

reFi

lled

with

C.5

0.61

45N

atur

al sp

read

Nat

ural

spre

ad62

45C

ut o

f pit

Cut

of p

it63

45Fi

ll of

pit

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

6445

Spre

adD

ark

grey

ish b

row

n sil

ty c

lay.

6545

Spre

adLi

ght g

reyi

sh b

row

n cl

ay.

6622

Cut

of p

it0.

36 N

-S x

0.2

4 x

0.13

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe to

p at

NW

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Sid

es st

eep

and

conc

ave

at N

W a

nd N

E, v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at S

E,

stee

p an

d co

nvex

at S

W. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e im

per-

cept

ible

at N

E an

d N

W, s

harp

at S

E an

d SW

. Bas

e fla

t. Fi

lled

with

C.3

5, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

6745

Ligh

t pin

kish

gre

y as

hy d

epos

it.68

46Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e69

46C

ut o

f sta

keho

le70

45Fi

llM

id b

row

n po

ssib

le fi

ll71

33Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e72

33C

ut o

f sta

keho

le73

45C

ut o

f pit

Cut

of p

it74

21Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e75

21C

ut o

f sta

keho

le76

45/3

3Sp

read

7733

Spre

ad/F

ill o

f pit

Brow

nish

sand

y sp

read

ove

r C.8

278

21Fi

ll of

pit

Whi

tish

grey

fill

of p

it C

.80.

7920

Mid

gre

yish

ora

ngish

bro

wn

silty

cla

y.80

21C

ut o

f pit

Fille

d w

ith C

.80

8145

/33

Fill

of p

it

32



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

8233

Spre

ad/F

ill o

f pit

Red

dish

bro

wn

fill.

Und

er C

.77.

8333

Spre

adM

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n84

32Sp

read

Gre

yish

whi

te85

32Sp

read

Gre

yish

ora

nge

8645

Spre

adBr

owni

sh g

rey

clay

8733

Spre

adBr

owni

sh g

rey

clay

8833

Spre

adBr

owni

sh g

rey

clay

8933

Spre

adLi

ght b

row

n90

32C

ut o

f pit

Cut

of p

ossib

le p

it.91

20W

hitis

h gr

ey sa

ndy

clay

9233

Spre

adM

ottle

d br

own

clay

9333

Spre

adW

hitis

h gr

ey94

33Sp

read

Mot

tled

brow

n cl

ay95

20Fi

llW

hitis

h gr

ey96

44Fi

ll of

slot

tren

ch

Mid

bro

wn.

Ove

r C.1

02.

9745

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

C.9

898

45C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.97

9945

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

100

45C

ut o

f sta

keho

le10

1C

AN

-C

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

102

44Fi

ll of

slot

tren

ch

Und

er C

.96.

103

20O

rang

ish b

row

n sil

ty c

lay.

Poss

ibly

nat

ural

.10

445

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

C.1

0510

545

Cut

of s

take

hole

, fill

C.1

0410

633

Cut

of p

itC

ut o

f pit

107

44Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

eA

ssoc

iate

d w

ith C

.96

and

102

108

44C

ut o

f sta

keho

le10

932

Fill

of p

it C

.128

Dar

k br

own

char

coal

rich

fill

of p

it C

.128

.11

033

Mot

tled

grey

cla

y11

133

Mid

bro

wn

silty

cla

y11

2C

AN

-C

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

113

45C

ut o

f pos

thol

eC

ut o

f pos

thol

e

33



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

114

33Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e11

533

Cut

of s

take

hole

116

21C

ut o

f pit

Fille

d w

ith C

.117

and

118

.11

721

Fill

of p

itFi

ll of

C.1

16, o

ver C

.118

.11

821

Fill

of p

itFi

ll of

C.1

16, u

nder

C.1

17.

119

45Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.120

120

45C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.19

121

33C

ut o

f pit

Cut

of p

it (C

.106

afte

r rem

oval

of C

.110

).12

220

Cut

of p

itC

ut o

f pit

123

45Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e12

445

Cut

of s

take

hole

125

45Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.126

126

45C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.125

127

44C

ut o

f pos

thol

e12

832

Cut

of p

it, fi

ll C

.109

Fille

d w

ith C

.109

.12

921

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

C.1

3013

021

Cut

of s

take

hole

, fill

C.1

29In

bas

e of

pit

C.1

16.

131

33M

id re

ddish

bro

wn

132

45Fi

ll of

dou

ble

stak

ehol

e C

.133

&

134

133

45C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.132

134

45C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.132

135

45Sp

read

Whi

tish

grey

136

21C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.137

137

21Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.136

138

22Fi

ll of

pit

Ove

r C.1

4013

922

Cut

of p

it14

022

Fill

of p

itU

nder

C.1

3814

145

Fill

(Ove

r C.15

4 in

C.1

66??)

142

21Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e14

321

Cut

of s

take

hole

144

32Fi

ll(‘F

ill o

f cut

144

’) M

akes

no

sens

e14

532

Cut

(‘Cut

of a

rea

arou

nd C

.128

’) M

akes

no

sens

e14

644

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

34



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

147

44C

ut o

f sta

keho

le14

845

Cut

of s

take

hole

149

45Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e15

045

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

151

45C

ut o

f sta

keho

le15

221

Cut

of s

take

hole

153

21Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e15

445

Fill

(und

er C

.141

, ove

r C.15

7, in

cut

C.1

66??)

155

21C

ut o

f pos

thol

e, fi

ll C

.156

156

21Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.155

157

45Fi

ll(u

nder

C.15

4, in

cut

C.1

66??)

158

21C

ut o

f sta

keho

le15

921

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

160

21C

ut o

f sta

keho

le16

121

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

162

22Sp

read

Dar

k br

own

163

22Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e16

422

Cut

of s

take

hole

165

22Sp

read

Mot

tled

brow

n cl

ay16

645

Cut

(Fill

ed w

ith C

.141

and

154

and

157

??)16

732

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

168

32C

ut o

f sta

keho

le16

922

Cut

of p

it17

022

Fill

of p

itW

hitis

h gr

ey. O

ver C

.185

.17

132

Cut

of p

itFi

lled

with

C.1

72 a

nd 1

7317

232

Fill

of p

it C

.171

Ove

r C.1

73 in

pit

cut C

.171

.17

332

Fill

of p

it C

.171

Und

er C

.172

in p

it cu

t C.1

71.

174

32/4

4Fi

ll of

slot

tren

ch17

532

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

C.1

7617

632

Cut

of s

take

hole

, fill

C.1

7517

732

Cut

of s

take

hole

, fill

C.1

7817

832

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

C.1

7717

932

/44

Fill

of sl

ot tr

ench

Ass

ocia

ted

with

C.1

7418

032

?Sp

read

Gre

yish

bro

wn

35



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

181

45C

ut o

f slo

t tre

nch

Fille

d w

ith C

.174

and

179

. A sh

ort n

arro

w st

one-

lined

tren

ch.

182

22C

ut o

f pit

183

32Sp

read

Gre

yish

bro

wn

clay

.18

432

Spre

adW

hitis

h gr

ey18

522

Fill

of p

itU

nder

C.1

70.

186

33Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.187

187

33C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.186

In b

ase

of C

.145

.18

822

Pit f

ill18

922

Pit r

ecut

190

22Fi

llG

reyi

sh w

hite

fill

191

22Sp

read

Ora

ngish

gre

y19

222

Fill

of p

it C

.198

Ligh

t bro

wn

sand

y cl

ay.

193

34Sp

read

Ligh

t gre

y19

422

Cut

of p

it19

545

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

In sl

ot tr

ench

C.1

8119

645

Cut

of s

take

hole

In sl

ot tr

ench

C.1

8119

722

Spre

adM

id b

row

n ch

arco

al fl

ecke

d19

822

Cut

of p

itFi

lled

with

C.1

92, 1

99, 2

14 a

nd 2

28.

199

22Fi

ll of

pit

C.1

98D

ark

brow

n. U

ndr C

.192

, ove

r C.2

1420

032

Fill

of sl

ot tr

ench

Alig

ned

N-S

.20

132

Cut

of s

lot t

renc

hA

ligne

d N

-S.

202

3/4

Spre

ad1.

6 N

E-SW

x 0

.36

x 0.

03Li

ght b

row

n ha

rd c

lay.

Freq

uent

fine

roun

ded

peb-

bles

, mod

erat

e m

ediu

m a

nd o

ccas

iona

l lar

ge su

b-an

gula

r sto

nes,

occa

siona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C

.193

and

cut

into

C.4

7.

Non

eN

one

203

32Fi

ll of

pit

204

70Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e in

C.2

330.

22 E

-W x

0.2

x

0.05

Mid

bro

wn

loos

e sil

ty sa

nd. M

oder

ate

fine

and

oc-

casio

nal m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e an

gula

r, su

b-an

gula

r an

d su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s, oc

casio

nal s

mal

l sub

-ro

unde

d sto

nes a

nd fl

ecks

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.5

and

over

C.2

07.

Non

eSS

64

36



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

205

54Sp

read

0.45

NW

-SE

x 0.

35x

0.1

Dar

k br

own

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les,

occa

siona

l sub

-ang

ular

coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd sm

all s

tone

s. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

su

bsoi

l.

Non

eN

one

206

32Fi

ll of

pit

207

70Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.233

0.22

E-W

x 0

.2 x

0.

03M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sa

ndy

silt.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine,

m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar p

eb-

bles

. Und

er C

.204

, ove

r C.2

10.

Non

eSS

66

208

46C

appi

ng la

yer o

f ditc

h C

.??1.

4 N

-S x

1.3

5 x

0.1

Dar

k or

angi

sh b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e,

med

ium

and

coa

rse

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

-bl

es a

nd o

ccas

iona

l sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd

sub-

angu

lar s

tone

s. U

nder

259

, ove

r spr

eads

out

side

the

ditc

h, C

.261

, 273

, 274

.

Non

eSS

81

209

34C

ut o

f sta

keho

le21

070

Fill

of p

osth

ole

C.2

330.

08 N

E-SW

x 0

.04

x 0.

03M

id re

ddish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar a

nd m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar p

eb-

bles

. Und

er C

.207

, ove

r C.2

13.

Non

eSS

67

211

70Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.210

212

70C

ut o

f sta

keho

le21

370

Fill

of p

osth

ole

C.2

330.

08 N

E-SW

x 0

.06

x 0.

05Li

ght b

luish

gre

y fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r and

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar

pebb

les.

Und

er C

.210

, ove

r C.2

15.

Non

e.SS

68

214

22Fi

ll of

pit

C.1

98Li

ght b

row

n. U

nder

C.1

99, o

ver C

.228

.21

570

Fill

of p

osth

ole

C.2

330.

12 N

E-SW

x 0

.06

x 0.

04M

id b

row

nish

red

stiff

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

an-

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es, o

ccas

iona

l med

ium

an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar a

nd c

oars

e su

b-an

gula

r pe

bble

s. U

nder

213

, ove

r C.2

27.

Non

eSS

70

216

58/7

0Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.217

217

58/7

0C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.216

218

47Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.219

219

47C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.218

220

70Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.221

221

70C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.220

222

47Fi

ll of

pit

223

47C

ut o

f pit

37



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

224

58Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.225

225

58C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.224

226

58Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

390.

39 N

-S x

0.2

4 x

0.1

Ligh

t gre

yish

whi

te so

ft sil

ty sa

nd. O

ccas

iona

l an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar f

ine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Trun

cate

d by

stak

e-ho

les C

.217

and

225

, ove

r C.2

43 in

pit

C.2

39.

Non

eN

one

227

74Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.233

0.16

N-S

x 0

.1 x

0.0

8M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n lo

ose

sand

y sil

t. M

oder

atel

y oc

curr

ing

angu

lar,

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d fin

e pe

bble

s, oc

casio

nal a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Occ

asio

n-al

flec

ks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.2

15 in

cut

C.2

33.

Non

eSS

72

228

22Fi

ll of

pit

C.1

98Li

ght g

rey.

Und

er C

.214

in p

it cu

t C.1

98.

229

70Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.230

230

70C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.229

231

47Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.232

232

47C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.231

233

70C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

2 N

-S x

0.1

9 x

0.14

Sub-

circ

ular

pos

sible

pos

thol

e. S

harp

bre

ak o

f slo

pe

top

at N

, S, E

, rou

nded

at W

. Sid

es st

eep

and

ir-re

gula

r at N

, W, E

, ver

tical

and

smoo

th a

t S. B

reak

of

slop

e ba

se sh

arp

at N

, S, W

, gra

dual

at E

. Orie

n-ta

ted

N-S

. Fill

s are

C.2

04, 2

07, 2

10, 2

13, 2

15, 2

27.

Non

eN

/A

234

CA

N-

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

D

235

CA

N-

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

D

236

34C

ut o

f sta

keho

le23

770

Fill

of st

akeh

ole

238

70C

ut o

f sta

keho

le23

958

Cut

of p

itFi

lled

with

C.2

26, 2

43, 2

44, a

nd 2

45.

240

47Sp

read

Mod

ern

241

47Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

4224

247

Cut

of p

itFi

lled

with

C.2

41, 2

48, 2

49 a

nd 2

50.

243

58Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

3924

458

Fill

of p

it C

.239

245

58Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

39

38



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

246

70Sp

read

0.95

NE-

SW x

0.3

x

***

Dar

k br

own

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

d m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r and

coa

rse

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. F

requ

ent s

mal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.5

, ove

r C.2

60.

Non

eSS

74, C

S3

247

58Fi

ll of

pit

Yello

wish

gre

yish

bro

wn.

Fill

of p

ossib

le p

it.24

847

Fill

of p

it C

.242

249

47Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

4225

047

Fill

of p

it C

.242

251

22C

ut o

f pit

252

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R N

OT

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

253

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R N

OT

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

254

58Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

65Ye

llow

ish g

rey

255

58Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

65C

harc

oal r

ich

256

58Sp

read

Whi

tish

257

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

5825

870

Cut

of p

it0.

34 E

-W x

0.1

7 x

0.13

Ova

l cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top.

Si

des g

entle

and

con

vex

at N

, ver

tical

and

smoo

th

else

whe

re. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l at E

and

W,

shar

p an

d N

and

S. B

ase

conc

ave.

Fill

ed w

ith C

.257

, cu

t int

o su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

259

46Sp

read

0.5

NW

-SE

x 0.

3 x

0.03

Dar

k or

angi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay

with

freq

uent

fin

e an

d m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Und

er C

.5, o

ver C

.208

.

Non

eSS

77

260

70Sp

read

1.42

NE-

SW x

0.3

6 x

0.04

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

stiff

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine,

oc

casio

nal m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r and

co

arse

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of

char

coal

. Und

er C

.246

, ove

r C.2

69.

Non

eSS

78

261

46/4

7Sp

read

1.2

[inse

rt o

rient

a-tio

n] x

1.1

x 0

.15M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Freq

uent

fine

, m

oder

ate

med

ium

and

occ

asio

nal c

oars

e an

gula

r an

d su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Und

er C

.208

, ove

r 273

.

03E1

033:

261:

1 03

E103

3:26

1:2

SS93

39



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

262

47Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

640.

68 E

-W x

0.3

2 x

0.08

Ligh

t gre

yish

whi

te st

iff sa

ndy

clay

. Occ

asio

nal s

ub-

angu

lar f

ine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

and

smal

l sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, ov

er

C.2

63.

Non

eN

one

263

47Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

640.

9 E-

W x

0.2

6 x

0.11

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n fir

m sa

ndy

silt.

Occ

asio

nal s

ub-

angu

lar f

ine

and

ang

ular

med

ium

peb

bles

. Und

er

C.2

62, i

n cu

t C.2

64.

Non

eN

one

264

47C

ut o

f pit

0.9

E-W

x 0

.32

x 0.

11Ir

regu

lar s

hape

d cu

t with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at S

and

W, s

harp

at N

and

im

perc

eptib

le a

t W. S

ides

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

at N

, m

oder

ate

and

irreg

ular

at S

and

W, g

entle

and

irr

egul

ar a

t E. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e im

perc

eptib

le.

Base

con

cave

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.262

and

263

, cut

into

su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

265

58C

ut o

f pit

0.3

E-W

x 0

.2 x

0.1

6Su

b-ov

al c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slo

pe to

p at

S a

nd W

, gra

dual

at N

and

E. S

ides

ver

-tic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at S

, ste

ep a

nd sm

ooth

else

whe

re.

Brea

k of

slop

e ba

se g

radu

al. B

ase

undu

latin

g du

e to

sto

nes.

Fille

d w

ith C

.254

and

255

, tru

ncat

es p

it fil

l C

.267

.

N/A

N/A

266

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R N

OT

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

267

58Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

6226

858

Cut

of p

it0.

54 E

-W x

0.4

x

0.18

Ova

l cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe

top

and

base

. Sid

es m

oder

ate

and

smoo

th a

t N,

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

at S

, mod

erat

e an

d st

eppe

d at

E,

trun

cate

d at

W. B

ase

is co

ncav

e. T

runc

ated

by

pit

C.2

65, f

illed

with

C.2

67, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

269

70Fi

ll of

pits

C.2

87 a

nd 2

960.

69 N

-S x

0.5

8 x

0.07

Dar

k br

own

loos

e sil

ty sa

nd. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

-gu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Fre

quen

t med

ium

pi

eces

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.260

and

246

. ove

r C

.271

.

Non

eSS

80, C

S4

270

70Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.212

Seco

nd fi

ll.

40



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

271

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

960.

48 N

-S x

0.2

6 x

0.02

Mid

yel

low

ish b

row

n lo

ose

sand

y sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

d m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r, m

e-di

um su

b-ro

unde

d, a

nd c

oars

e su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. O

ccas

iona

l cha

rcoa

l fle

cks.

Und

er C

.269

and

260

, ov

er C

.277

.

Non

eSS

82

272

70Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e27

346

Spre

ad0.

7 N

W-S

E x

0.4

x 0.

05M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

and

med

ium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es, o

c-ca

siona

l nat

ural

smal

l pie

ces o

f che

rt. U

nder

C.2

61,

over

C.3

76 a

nd 3

82.

Non

eSS

118

274

46Sp

read

0.6

N-S

x 0

.4 x

0.0

5M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Freq

uent

fine

an

d m

ediu

m a

nd m

oder

ate

coar

se a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Und

er C

.208

, ove

r 285

.

Non

eSS

86

275

CA

N-

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

D

276

34Sp

read

Dar

k br

own

silty

cla

y27

770

Fill

of p

it C

.296

0.46

N-S

x 0

.23

x 0.

07M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

and

med

ium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es, f

ine

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.271

, ove

r C.2

84.

Non

eSS

85

278

58Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.279

279

58C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.278

280

70C

ut o

f sta

keho

le28

146

Spre

adM

id b

row

n sil

ty c

lay.

282

47Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e28

347

Cut

of s

take

hole

284

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

960.

48 N

-S x

0.2

2 x

0.18

Mid

yel

low

ish b

row

n st

iff si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

gula

r, su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

fine

pebb

les.

Occ

asio

nal c

oars

e an

d m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal c

harc

oal f

leck

s. U

nder

C

.277

ove

r 288

???

Non

eSS

87

285

46Sp

read

1.6

NE-

SW x

0.8

x ?

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

stiff

silty

cla

y. Fr

eque

nt fi

ne a

nd

mod

erat

e m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r pe

b-bl

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.2

74,

over

subs

oil.

Non

eSS

89

41



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

286

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

870.

26 N

-S x

0.2

2 x

0.02

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

gula

r, su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les,

and

smal

l sub

-ang

ular

ston

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f ch

arco

al. U

nder

C.2

69, o

ver C

.287

.

Non

eSS

88

287

70C

ut o

f pit

0.26

N-S

x 0

.22

x 0.

11Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

it. G

radu

al b

reak

of s

lope

top

at N

, an

d E,

shar

p at

S. S

ides

mod

erat

e an

d co

ncav

e at

N

and

E, st

eep

and

conc

ave

at S

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

shar

p at

S,

grad

ual a

t N a

nd E

. Orie

ntat

ed N

-S.

Fills

are

C.2

69 a

nd 2

86, t

runc

ates

C.2

96.

Non

eN

/A

288

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

960.

2 N

-S x

0.1

6 x

0.11

Mid

-pin

kish

bro

wn

hard

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

d m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r and

fine

su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.2

83?,

over

C.2

91.

Non

eSS

90

289

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R N

OT

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

290

47Sp

read

Mod

ern

291

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.2

960.

2 N

-S x

0.1

4 x

0.03

Ligh

t yel

low

ish b

row

n so

ft sa

ndy

silt.

Occ

asio

nal

fine

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

and

flec

ks o

f ch

arco

al. U

nder

C.2

88, o

ver C

.293

.

Non

eN

one

292

58Sp

read

Mot

tled

grey

ish b

row

n29

370

Fill

of p

its C

.293

and

297

? X ?

X 0

.1M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r fin

e pe

bble

s, on

e sm

all

angu

lar s

tone

. Mod

erat

e fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of

char

coal

. Und

er C

.291

, in

cuts

C.2

96 a

nd 2

97.

Non

eN

one

294

58Sp

read

1.75

N-S

x 0

.39

x 0.

36M

id b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e su

b-ro

unde

d, m

oder

ate

med

ium

and

occ

asio

nal c

oars

e su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Occ

asio

nal

smal

l and

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar s

tone

s. U

nder

C.5

, ov

er su

bsoi

l C.4

7.

Non

eN

one

295

58Sp

read

Mid

bro

wni

sh o

rang

e cl

ay.

296

70C

ut o

f pit

0.46

N-S

x 0

.28

x 0.

22Su

b-re

ctan

gula

r pit

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at N

and

W, s

harp

at S

and

E.

Side

s ste

ep a

t N a

nd c

onca

ve, s

moo

th a

t W. V

ertic

al

and

smoo

th a

t S a

nd E

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

N-S

orie

ntat

ion.

Tru

ncat

ed b

y C

.287

to th

e E.

Fill

s C

.271

, 277

, 284

, 288

, 291

, 293

.

Non

eN

/A

42



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

297

70C

ut o

f pit

0.23

E-W

x 0

.19

x 0.

12Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith g

radu

al b

reak

of s

lope

top

at

S, E

, W a

nd sh

arp

at N

. Sid

es a

re sm

ooth

, ver

ti-ca

l at N

, mod

erat

e at

S, s

teep

at E

and

W. B

reak

of

slope

bas

e is

grad

ual.

Fille

d w

ith C

.293

.

Non

eN

/A

298

47Po

ssib

le fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.242

? X ?

X ?

Ligh

t gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

and

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Occ

asio

nal

sub-

angu

lar c

oars

e pe

bble

s and

smal

l sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Abu

ts C

.298

/ Tru

ncat

ed b

y 29

8?

Und

er ??

, ove

r 305

and

393

.

Non

eSS

92

299

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R N

OT

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T

USE

DN

UM

BER

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

NU

MBE

R

NO

T U

SED

300

59Fi

ll of

ditc

h re

cut C

.347

1.7

N-S

x 0

.7 x

0.2

Dar

k gr

eyish

bro

wn

firm

sand

y cl

ay. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

gula

r, m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e su

b-an

gula

r peb

-bl

es. U

nder

C.5

, ove

r C.3

17.

Non

eSS

94

301

70Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.304

0.29

N-S

x 0

.15 x

0.

12D

ark

grey

ish b

row

n so

ft sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

ccas

iona

l fin

e pe

bble

s and

mod

erat

e fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of

char

coal

. Fill

of C

.304

.

SS97

Non

e

302

46/4

7Fi

ll of

ditc

h re

cut C

.347

0.3

x 0.

3 x

0.05

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

and

oc-

casio

nal m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. U

nder

C.5

, ove

r C.3

03.

Non

eSS

95

303

46/4

7Fi

ll of

ditc

h re

cut C

.347

0.6

NE-

SW x

0.4

x

0.07

Dar

k gr

eyish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine,

oc

casio

nal m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. U

nder

C.3

02, a

bove

ditc

h fil

l C

.317

.

Non

eSS

96

304

70C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.301

0.29

N-S

x 0

.15 x

0.

12O

val c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. G

radu

al b

reak

of s

lope

to

p an

d ba

se, s

ides

ver

tical

on

N, S

, W, s

teep

on

E.

Base

is a

roun

ded

poin

t. Fi

lled

with

C.3

01, i

s und

er

C.2

93 a

nd o

ver C

.306

.

N/A

N/A

305

47Sp

read

0.24

E-W

x 0

.2 x

0.

06M

id re

ddish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

sub-

angu

lar,

occa

siona

l med

ium

sub-

angu

lar a

nd

coar

se a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Mod

erat

e fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.2

07, o

ver C

.213

.

Non

eSS

98, C

S5

306

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

130.

65 N

E-SW

x 0

.45

x 0.

04D

ark

grey

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

and

med

ium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.304

. ove

r C

.307

.

Non

eN

one

43



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

307

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

130.

48 N

W-S

E x

0.31

x

??D

ark

brow

nish

gre

y so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

and

med

ium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. O

c-ca

siona

l fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er

C.3

06, o

ver C

.314

and

315

.

Non

eN

one

308

46/4

7Fi

ll of

ston

ehol

e0.

14 N

-S x

0.0

8 x

0.08

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

very

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

and

occa

siona

l med

ium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

-la

r peb

bles

. Und

er C

.5 a

nd o

ver C

.309

.

Non

eSS

99

309

46/4

7Fi

ll of

ston

ehol

e0.

14 N

-S x

0.0

6 x

0.13

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

very

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Und

er C

.308

and

ov

er C

.375

, ditc

h fil

l.

Non

eSS

100

310

47Sp

read

0.6

NE-

SW x

0.3

x

0.1

Mid

pin

kish

redd

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

and

occa

siona

l m

ediu

m su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f ch

arco

al. U

nder

C.3

05 a

nd 3

12, o

ver s

ubso

il C

.47.

Non

eSS

112

312

47Sp

read

0.68

N-S

x 0

.38

x ??

Ligh

t gre

yish

bro

wn

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d , m

oder

ate

med

ium

and

oc

casio

nal c

oars

e su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er ?,

ove

r C.3

10.

Non

eN

one

313

70C

ut o

f pit

0.51

NE-

SW x

0.4

7 x

0.16

Ova

l cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe

top

and

base

, sid

es st

eep

and

conv

ex o

n N

, ste

ep

and

smoo

th o

n E,

S,

and

W. B

ase

is sli

ghtly

con

-ca

ve. O

rient

ated

NE-

SW. T

runc

ated

by

C.2

97 to

th

e N

W. F

illed

with

C.3

06, 3

07, 3

14 a

nd is

cut

into

C

.321

.

Non

eN

/A

314

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

130.

08 N

-S x

0.0

8 x

0.03

Dar

k br

owni

sh g

rey

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.307

, ove

r the

cut

C.3

14.

Non

eN

one

315

70Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.316

0.12

N-S

x 0

.12

x 0.

06Li

ght y

ello

wish

gre

y so

ft sil

ty c

lay

with

occ

asio

nal

char

coal

flec

ks. F

ill o

f sta

keho

le c

ut C

.316

. N

one

SS10

2

316

70C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.315

0.12

N-S

x 0

.12

x 0.

06Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut. B

reak

of s

lope

top

stee

p on

N, S

, W

, gra

dual

on

E. S

ides

stee

ply

slopi

ng a

nd sm

ooth

. G

radu

al b

reak

of s

lope

bas

e. B

ase

is a

roun

ded

poin

t. Fi

lled

with

C.3

15. C

ut in

to th

e ba

se o

f C

.313

, und

er C

.307

.

Non

eN

/A

44



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

317

47/5

9Fi

ll of

ditc

h re

cut C

.347

7.16

N-S

x 0

.8 x

0.5

5M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n to

dar

k gr

eyish

bro

wn

firm

sa

ndy

clay

. Occ

asio

nal s

ub-a

ngul

ar fi

ne a

nd c

oars

e pe

bble

s, m

oder

ate

med

ium

peb

bles

and

ston

es. O

c-ca

siona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

03 a

nd 3

00,

in d

itch

recu

t C.3

47.

Non

eSS

103

321

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

22? X

? X

0.15

Ligh

t gre

yish

yel

low

firm

sand

y sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e pe

bble

s, oc

casio

nal f

leck

s and

smal

l pie

ces o

f ch

arco

al. R

edep

osite

d su

bsoi

l, tr

unca

ted

by C

.297

to

SW

, by

C.2

96 to

N, C

.313

to S

. In

cut C

.322

.

Non

eN

one

322

70C

ut o

f pit

? X ?

X 0

.15Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut. S

ides

at E

and

W a

re st

eep,

con

-ca

ve a

t E, s

moo

th a

t W. N

and

S si

des t

runc

ated

. Ba

se fl

at. T

runc

ated

by

C.2

97 to

SW

, by

C.2

96 to

N

, C.3

13 to

S. F

illed

with

C.3

21, s

take

hole

C.3

26

driv

en in

to th

e ba

se o

f C.3

22.

Non

eN

/A

325

70Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.326

0.13

E-W

x 0

.12

x 0.

15D

ark

grey

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. M

oder

ate

fleck

s and

smal

l pi

eces

of c

harc

oal.

In c

ut C

.326

.

Non

eSS

102

326

70C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.325

.0.

13 E

-W x

0.1

2 x

0.15

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at N

an

d E,

gra

dual

at W

and

S. S

ides

are

ver

tical

on

N,

W, S

, and

und

ercu

t on

the

E. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e is

grad

ual a

nd th

e ba

se is

a ro

unde

d po

int.

The

top

is w

est o

f the

bas

e. C

ut in

to th

e ba

se o

f C.3

22. F

illed

w

ith C

.325

.

Non

eN

/A

336

CA

N-

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

D

337

CA

N-

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

D

338

CA

N-

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

D

339

70Sp

read

and

fill

of st

akeh

ole

C.3

400.

52 N

E-SW

x 0

.22

x .0

.7M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n fir

m sa

ndy

silt.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of

cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.2

87, o

ver s

take

hole

cut

C.3

40

and

346.

Non

eSS

106

45



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

340

70C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.339

0.52

NE-

SW x

0.2

2 x

.0.7

Ova

l cut

with

shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at S

and

E,

grad

ual o

n N

and

W. S

ides

stee

ply

slopi

ng. B

reak

of

slope

bas

e is

grad

ual a

nd th

e ba

se is

roun

ded.

Fill

ed

with

C.3

39, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l C.4

7.

Non

eN

/A

341

CA

N-

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

DC

AN

CEL

LED

CA

NC

ELLE

D

346

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

19 E

-W x

0.1

4 x

0.03

Mid

yel

low

ish re

d an

d br

own

firm

silty

cla

y. O

c-ca

siona

l fin

e an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es,

occa

siona

l bur

nt a

ngul

ar sm

all s

tone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal,

occa

siona

l fle

cks

of b

urnt

cla

y. U

nder

C.3

39 a

nd o

ver C

.349

.

Non

eSS

108

347

46/4

7/59

/72

Rec

ut o

f ditc

h C

.427

7.16

N-S

x 0

.8 x

0.5

5Li

near

cut

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe to

p is

shar

p at

N, E

and

W

, gra

dual

at S

. Sid

es a

re st

eep

at th

e N

, E a

nd W

, ge

ntle

on

the

S. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e is

grad

ual.

Base

is

flat.

Orie

ntat

ed N

-S. F

illed

with

C.3

17, r

ecut

ting

ditc

h C

.381

, is o

ver C

.367

and

391

.

Non

eN

/A

348

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

2 N

-S x

0.1

8 x

0.09

Dar

k gr

eyish

bro

wn

firm

cla

yey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal

fine

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal

fleck

s and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.??

, ove

r C

.350

in p

it C

.381

.

Non

eSS

109

349

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

14 E

-W? x

0.1

1 x

0.04

Mid

yel

low

ish b

row

n fir

m sa

ndy

silt.

Occ

asio

nal

fine

and

med

ium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es

and

fleck

s of b

urnt

cla

y. U

nder

C.3

46, o

ver C

.350

, in

pit

C.3

81.

Non

eN

one

350

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

61 N

E-SW

x 0

.28

x 0.

04M

ottle

d gr

eyish

whi

te fi

rm si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

fine

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Fre

quen

t fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Occ

asio

nal

fleck

s of b

urnt

cla

y. U

nder

C.3

48 a

nd 3

49, o

ver

C.3

56 a

nd 3

57, i

n pi

t C.3

81.

Non

eSS

111

356

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

6 N

E-SW

x 0

.2 x

0.

04M

id b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal m

ediu

m

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of

cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

50, o

ver C

.359

in p

it C

.381

.

Non

eN

one

357

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

08 N

-S x

0.0

7 x

0.04

Dar

k gr

eyish

bla

ck so

ft sa

ndy

silt.

Freq

uent

flec

ks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

50, o

ver

C.3

59 in

pit

C.3

81.

Non

eSS

113

46



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

359

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

5 N

E-SW

x 0

.27

x 0.

05M

id b

row

nish

whi

te fi

rm si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal m

e-di

um a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal

fleck

s and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

50

and

357,

ove

r C.3

70 in

pit

C.3

81.

Non

eN

one

360

82Sp

read

1.62

NE-

SW x

0.4

x

0.06

Mid

bro

wn

very

soft

sand

y sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

d m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r and

fine

su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.5

, ove

r C.3

68 p

it fil

l.

Non

eN

one

361

47Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

000.

26 E

-W x

0.2

4 x

???Li

ght g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d an

d m

ediu

m su

b-an

-gu

lar p

ebbl

es. U

nder

C.3

10, 3

12, 3

90, i

n cu

t C.4

00.

Non

eN

one

367

59Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

1.96

N-S

x 0

.16

x 0.

12D

ark

grey

ish b

row

n st

iff sa

ndy

clay

. Mod

erat

e fin

e su

b-an

gula

r and

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Und

er d

itch

recu

t C.3

47, i

n cu

t C.4

27.

Non

eSS

115

368

82Fi

ll of

pit

recu

t C.3

690.

46 N

E-SW

x 0

.34

x 0.

15M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

fine,

med

ium

and

coa

rse

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r pe

bble

s. Su

b-ro

unde

d fin

e an

d m

ediu

m p

ebbl

es .

Occ

asio

nal m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

med

ium

ston

es. M

oder

ate

angu

lar,

sub-

angu

lar

and

sub-

roun

ded

smal

l sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of

char

coal

. Und

er C

.360

, in

pit r

e-cu

t C.3

69.

Non

eN

one

369

82R

ecut

of p

it C

.389

0.48

NE-

SW x

0.3

4 x

0.25

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top.

Sid

es

vert

ical

and

smoo

th. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e sh

arp

at

NE,

SW

, SW

, gra

dual

at N

W. F

illed

with

C.3

68,

trun

cate

d by

C.3

71 st

akeh

ole.

Non

eN

/A

370

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

64 N

-S x

0.2

x 0

.03

Mid

yel

low

ish b

row

n fir

m sa

ndy

silt.

Occ

asio

nal

med

ium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. O

cca-

siona

l fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of b

urnt

cla

y. U

nder

C

.359

ove

r C.3

72 a

nd 3

73, i

n pi

t C.3

81.

Non

eN

one

371

82Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.377

0.2

NE-

SW x

0.1

2 x

0.13

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

loos

e sil

ty c

lay

with

occ

asio

nal

angu

lar,

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. N

one

Non

e

372

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

36 E

-W x

0.2

x

0.08

Mid

bro

wn

soft

clay

ey si

lt. O

ccas

iona

l med

ium

an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

70 in

cut

C

.381

.

Non

eN

one

47



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

373

70Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

810.

16 E

-W x

0.1

x

0.05

Dar

k br

owni

sh w

hite

soft

sand

y sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

70, i

n pi

t C.3

81.

Non

eSS

116

375

71Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

? X 0

.44

x 0.

55Li

ght g

reen

ish b

row

n st

iff sa

ndy

clay

. Mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r coa

rse

pebb

les,

smal

l, m

ediu

m a

nd

larg

e sto

nes.

Und

er C

.391

and

401

, ove

r C.1

42, 4

18,

376,

and

383

. Pos

sible

col

laps

ed b

ank.

03E1

033:

375:

1-28

Non

e

376

58/5

9/46

/47

Fill

of d

itch

C.4

272.

4 N

E-SW

x 0

.4 x

0.

05M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay,

rede

posit

ed

subs

oil.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. U

nder

C.3

75, o

ver ?

??

Non

eSS

125

377

82C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.371

0.2

NE-

SW x

0.1

2 x

0.13

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top.

Sid

es

are

smoo

th a

nd v

ertic

al o

n SE

and

NW

, sm

ooth

an

d m

oder

ate

on N

E, sm

ooth

and

par

tially

und

er-

cut a

t SW

. Top

is S

E of

bas

e. T

runc

ates

C.3

68 a

nd

369,

ove

r C.3

88.

381

70C

ut o

f pit

0.46

N-S

x 0

.3 x

0.2

3Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. G

radu

al

brea

k of

slop

e to

p at

N, S

, and

E. S

ides

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

on

N a

nd E

, ver

tical

and

smoo

th o

n S.

Fill

s C

.346

, 349

, 350

, 356

, 357

, 359

, 370

, and

372

. Cut

in

to su

bsoi

l C.4

7.

Non

eN

/A

383

46/4

7Sp

read

0.45

E-W

x 0

.32

x 0.

07M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e,

med

ium

and

coa

rse

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. U

nder

C.3

03

and

347,

ove

r C.3

75 a

nd 3

84.

Non

eSS

117

386

94Sp

read

on

top

of d

itch

C.??

?0.

2 N

W-S

E x

0.13

x

0.06

Dar

k or

angi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l med

ium

su

b-an

gula

r sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.5, o

ver C

.???

Non

eN

one

387

71Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

0.92

N-S

x 0

.59

x 0.

45M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n fr

iabl

e sil

ty c

lay.

Freq

uent

sub-

angu

lar c

oars

e pe

bble

s, sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m st

ones

. O

ccas

iona

l sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.419

?, ov

er C

.403

.

Non

eN

one

388

82Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

890.

14 N

W-S

E x

0.1

x 0.

12M

id re

ddish

bro

wn

stiff

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

d m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

and

fine

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

77, o

ver C

.389

, cut

.

Non

eN

one

48



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

389

82C

ut o

f pit

0.58

NE-

SW x

0.3

4 x

0.25

Sub-

rect

angu

lar p

it w

ith sq

uare

cor

ners

. Sha

rp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th. B

reak

of

slop

e ba

se sh

arp.

NE-

SW o

rient

atio

n. T

runc

ated

by

C.2

87 to

the

E. F

ill C

.388

.

Non

eN

/A

390

47Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

000.

14 N

-S x

0.1

x 0

.1D

ark

brow

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d oc

-ca

siona

l med

ium

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. U

nder

C.5

, ov

er C

.361

.

Non

eN

one

391

59Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

0.69

N-S

x 0

.51

x 0.

12D

ark

pink

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. U

nder

ditc

h re

cut C

.347

, ove

r C

.375

.

Non

eSS

119

392

83Fi

ll of

slot

tren

ch C

.394

1.38

NE-

SW x

0.3

2 x

0.14

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine,

oc

casio

nal m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar, s

ub-a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d, c

oars

e an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es.

Occ

asio

nal s

mal

l sub

-ang

ular

and

sub-

roun

ded

and

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar s

tone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f ch

arco

al. U

nder

C.3

89, o

ver C

.394

.

Non

eN

/A

393

47Fi

ll of

pit

C.3

98, p

acki

ng fo

r pos

t-ho

le C

.242

?0.

7 N

-S x

0.6

2 x

0.3

Ligh

t gre

yish

bro

wn

firm

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

and

med

ium

and

occ

asio

nal c

oars

e su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. M

oder

ate

fleck

s and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l.

Non

eSS

122,

CS7

394

83C

ut o

f slo

t tre

nch

1.38

NE-

SW x

0.3

2 x

0.14

Line

ar c

ut w

ith sq

uare

d co

rner

s a th

e N

W a

nd S

E.

Brea

k of

slop

e to

p is

shar

p. N

W a

nd S

W si

des a

re

vert

ical

and

smoo

th. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e is

shar

p.

Base

is fl

at. O

rient

ated

NW

-SE.

Fill

ed w

ith C

.392

, cu

t int

o su

bsoi

l C.4

7.

Non

eN

/A

395

71Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

5.65

N-S

x 0

.75

x 0.

52D

ark

oran

gish

bro

wn

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar c

oars

e pe

bble

s and

smal

l sto

nes,

freq

uent

m

ediu

m st

ones

. Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.387

, ove

r C.4

01.

03E1

033:

395:

1-23

SS12

3

396

83Fi

ll of

ditc

h re

cut C

.426

0.76

N-S

x 0

.58

x 0.

07M

id y

ello

wish

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y w

ith a

ngul

ar

and

sub-

angu

lar f

requ

ent f

ine,

med

ium

and

coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd sm

all s

tone

s, an

d m

oder

ate

med

ium

sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal s

mal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C

.5, o

ver C

.397

.

Non

eSS

124

49



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

397

83Fi

ll of

ditc

h re

cut C

.426

2.7

N-S

x 0

.58

x 0.

31D

ark

grey

ish b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar, s

ub-a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s, an

d co

arse

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar

pebb

les.

Mod

erat

e sm

all a

nd o

ccas

iona

l med

ium

su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

stone

s and

occ

asio

nal

larg

e sto

nes.

Und

er C

.396

, ove

r C.3

99.

Non

eSS

126

398

47C

ut o

f pit

0.49

x 0

.49

x 0.

3Su

b-ci

rcul

ar p

it w

ith ro

unde

d br

eak

of sl

ope

top,

gr

adua

l bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase.

Sid

es st

eep

and

smoo

th

at W

and

N, s

teep

and

con

cave

at E

and

con

vex

at

W. E

-W o

rient

atio

n. U

nder

C. 3

93 a

nd 2

42, c

ut

into

C.4

7.

Non

eN

/A

399

84Fi

ll of

ditc

h re

cut C

.426

2.52

N-S

x 0

.52

x 0.

05Li

ght g

reyi

sh b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

angu

lar,

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d fin

e pe

bble

s, oc

casio

nal a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r med

ium

peb

-bl

es. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d co

arse

pe

bble

s and

smal

l sto

nes.

Und

er C

.396

, ove

r C.4

14.

03E1

033:

399:

1-19

2

SS12

7

400

47C

ut o

f pit

0.4

N-S

x 0

.3 x

0.3

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe to

p at

N, E

, W a

nd sh

arp

at S

. Sid

es a

re st

eep

and

ir-re

gula

r the

S a

nd W

, mod

erat

e an

d co

ncav

e at

N

and

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

at E

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

is gr

adua

l. N

-S o

rient

atio

n. F

illed

with

C.3

61.

Non

eN

/A

401

71/ 8

3R

ecut

of d

itch

C.4

275.

65 N

-S x

0.7

5 x

0.52

Line

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Br

eak

of sl

ope

top

shar

p at

E a

nd W

. Sid

es st

eep

and

conc

ave

at E

and

W.

Brea

k of

slop

e ba

se g

radu

al a

t E a

nd W

. Bas

e is

flat.

Orie

ntat

ed N

-S. F

illed

with

C.3

95, o

ver C

.375

.

N/A

N/A

402

47Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

1.5

N-S

x 0

.5 x

0.3

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Freq

uent

ang

ular

an

d su

b-an

gula

r med

ium

ston

es, U

nder

406

, ove

r C

.427

.

03E1

033:

402:

1-34

Non

e

403

71C

ut o

f pit

with

in d

itch

C.4

270.

92 N

-S x

0.5

9 x

0.45

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at E

, S si

de o

ver c

ut, s

harp

at N

an

d W

. Sid

es st

eep

and

smoo

th o

n W

, ste

ep a

nd

conc

ave

at N

and

mod

erat

e an

d co

ncav

e at

E. F

illed

w

ith C

.387

, cut

into

C.3

95.

N/A

N/A

50



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

404

95Fi

ll of

furr

ow C

.405

>4.0

E-W

x 1

.3 x

0.

21M

id p

inki

sh b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal s

ub-

angu

lar c

oars

e pe

bble

s and

smal

l sto

nes.

Und

er C

.5,

fills

C.4

05.

03E1

033:

404:

1-3

Red

-bric

k,

chin

a an

d cl

ay

pipe

stem

.

Non

e

405

95C

ut o

f fur

row,

fill

C.4

04>4

.0 E

-W x

1.3

x

0.21

Line

ar c

ut w

ith g

radu

al b

reak

of s

lope

top.

Sid

es

are

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

at t

he N

and

S. B

reak

of s

lope

ba

se is

shar

p at

the

N a

nd S

. Bas

e is

flat.

Fille

d w

ith

C.4

04. C

ut in

to su

bsoi

l C.4

7 an

d [th

e ‘m

ain

fill o

f th

e di

tch’

at t

he N

E co

rner

of t

he e

nclo

sure

]

N/A

N/A

406

46/4

7Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

? X ?

X ?

Sand

y sto

ny c

lay.

Freq

uent

ang

ular

smal

l and

m

ediu

m a

nd o

ccas

iona

l lar

ge su

b-ro

unde

d sto

nes.

Und

er C

.425

, 415

, 375

, ove

r C.4

50, 4

51, 4

02.

Non

eN

one

407

106

Fill

of fu

rrow

C.4

08? X

0.9

5 x

0.25

PL

AN

156

Mid

pin

kish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-an

gula

r coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd sm

all s

tone

s. U

nder

to

psoi

l, in

cut

C.4

08.

Non

eN

one

408

106

Cut

of f

urro

w, fi

ll C

.407

? X 0

.95

x 0.

25

PLA

N 1

56Li

near

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Brea

k of

slop

e to

p gr

adua

l at N

, sha

rp a

t S. S

ides

stee

p an

d un

derc

ut a

t N

, ver

tical

and

smoo

th a

t S. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e im

-pe

rcep

tible

at N

, sha

rp a

t S. B

ase

is fla

t. O

rient

ated

N

W-S

E. F

illed

with

C.4

07, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l C.4

7.

N/A

N/A

409

59Fi

ll of

E? d

itch

0.54

N-S

x 0

.24

x 0.

02M

id b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Freq

uent

smal

l, m

oder

ate

med

ium

and

occ

asio

nal l

arge

ang

ular

and

sub-

an-

gula

r sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er

???, o

ver C

.411

. And

421

Non

eN

one

410

59Fi

ll of

E? d

itch

0.46

N-S

x 0

.4 x

0.1

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Freq

uent

ang

ular

an

d su

b-an

gula

r sm

all s

tone

s, fr

eque

nt m

ediu

m

sub-

angu

lar s

tone

s, m

oder

ate

larg

e sto

nes.

Und

er

???, o

ver C

.421

Non

eN

one

411

59Fi

ll of

E? d

itch

1.4

N-S

x 0

.5 x

0.2

Ligh

t ora

ngish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

smal

l an

d m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r sto

nes.

Und

er C

.409

, ove

r C

.421

.

Non

eN

one

412

71Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

1.4

N-S

x 0

.45

x 0.

42D

ark

oran

gish

bro

wn

loos

e sa

ndy

clay

. Occ

asio

nal

sub-

angu

lar c

oars

e pe

bble

s and

smal

l sto

nes.

Occ

a-sio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.375

, ove

r C.4

18.

Non

eN

one

51



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

413

46Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

0.7

N-S

x 0

.35

x 0.

2M

id y

ello

wish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l sm

all s

ub-a

ngul

ar st

ones

and

flec

ks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.??

?, ov

er C

.416

.

03E1

033:

413:

1-2

Non

e

414

82/9

4Fi

ll of

ditc

h re

cut C

.426

4.7

NW

-SE

x 0.

6 x

0.12

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

firm

cla

yey

silt.

Freq

uent

fin

e an

d m

oder

ate

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les,

mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd m

ediu

m

stone

s, oc

casio

nal a

ngul

ar sm

all a

nd la

rge

stone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

99, o

ver

C.4

19.

Non

eSS

128

415

46Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

0.24

NE-

SW x

0.0

6 x

0.12

Ligh

t gre

yish

whi

te st

iff si

lty c

lay.

Poss

ible

col

laps

ed

bank

. Und

er C

.???,

over

C.4

16.

Non

eN

one

416

46Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

1.25

NE-

SW x

0.4

3 x

0.11

Mid

bro

wni

sh y

ello

w fi

rm si

lty c

lay.

Und

er C

.413

an

d 41

5, o

ver C

.425

.N

one

Non

e

417

71Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

1.35

N-S

x 0

.51

x 0.

45D

ark

oran

gish

bro

wn

loos

e sa

ndy

clay

. Sub

-ang

ular

oc

casio

nal c

oars

e pe

bble

s and

mod

erat

e sm

all

stone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

75,

over

C.4

18.

Non

eN

one

418

59/7

1/

/82/

83/8

4

Fill

of d

itch

C.4

275.

0 N

-S x

0.9

5 x

0.12

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

firm

cla

yey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal

fine

and

med

ium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar a

nd

coar

se su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal s

mal

l sub

-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

and

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar

stone

s. O

ccas

iona

l cha

rcoa

l fle

cks.

Und

er C

.412

an

d 43

9, o

ver t

he c

ut C

.427

.

Non

eN

one

419

82/8

3Fi

ll of

ditc

h re

cut C

.426

1.9

N-S

x 1

.1 x

0.4

5D

ark

brow

n fir

m st

ony

clay

. Mod

erat

e an

gula

r fin

e,

med

ium

and

coa

rse

pebb

les,

sub-

angu

lar f

ine,

sub-

roun

ded

med

ium

peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal s

mal

l ang

u-la

r, m

ediu

m su

b-ro

unde

d an

d la

rge

sub-

angu

lar a

nd

sub-

roun

ded

stone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

14, o

ver C

.426

.

03E1

033:

419:

21SS

129

420

?Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.447

PLA

N 1

69D

ark

purp

lish

brow

n ve

ry so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

fine,

med

ium

peb

bles

an

d m

ediu

m st

ones

. Mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r coa

rse

pebb

les,

smal

l and

larg

e sto

nes.

Und

er to

psoi

l, ov

er

C.4

29, 4

30, a

nd 4

33 d

itch

fills.

Non

eN

one

52



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

421

59Fi

ll of

E? d

itch

1.3

N-S

x 0

.4 x

0.3

Ligh

t gre

enish

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y. Fr

eque

nt a

ngu-

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r fin

e pe

bble

s, sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m

stone

s. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar c

oars

e pe

bble

s, oc

ca-

siona

l lar

ge st

ones

. Und

er C

.409

, 410

and

411

, ove

r C

.422

and

423

.

Non

eN

one

422

59Fi

ll of

E? d

itch

0.8

N-S

x 0

.7 x

0.2

Mid

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y. Fr

eque

nt a

ngul

ar a

nd

sub-

angu

lar f

ine,

med

ium

and

coa

rse

pebb

les,

and

smal

l and

med

ium

ston

es. U

nder

C.4

21, o

ver

C.4

23.

Non

eN

one

423

59Fi

ll of

E? d

itch

1.2

N-S

x 0

.82

x 0.

07M

id y

ello

wish

whi

te st

iff sa

ndy

clay

. Fre

quen

t sub

-an

gula

r fin

e, m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e pe

bble

s, m

oder

ate

smal

l sto

nes.

Mod

erat

e an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar

med

ium

ston

es. U

nder

C.4

21 a

nd 4

22, o

ver C

.424

.

Non

eN

one

424

59Fi

ll of

E? d

itch

0.6

E-W

x 0

.4 x

0.1

8Li

ght g

reen

ish w

hite

stro

ngly

cem

ente

d sa

nd. M

od-

erat

e fin

e an

d fr

eque

nt m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e an

gu-

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Mod

erat

e sm

all a

nd

occa

siona

l med

ium

sub-

angu

lar s

tone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

23, o

ver C

.???.

Non

eN

one

425

46Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

? X ?

X ?

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay

with

occ

asio

nal

smal

l sub

-ang

ular

and

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

and

roun

ded

stone

s. O

ccas

iona

l med

ium

and

larg

e pi

eces

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.416

, ove

r C.4

06.

03E1

033:

425:

1-31

2SS

131

(cha

rcoa

l ric

h) a

nd S

S135

426

82/8

3R

ecut

of d

itch

C.4

273.

0 N

-S x

0.6

x 0

.39

Line

ar c

ut w

ith sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se a

t E

and

W. S

ides

stee

p , c

onve

x an

d irr

egul

ar a

t E a

nd

W. B

ase

is fla

t, cu

t is o

rient

ated

N-S

. Fill

ed w

ith

C.3

96, 3

97, 3

99, 4

14 a

nd 4

19. C

ut in

to C

.431

.

N/A

N/A

427

71/8

2/83

Cut

of d

itch

5.0

NW

-SE

x 1.

75

x 0.

85C

urvi

linea

r cut

with

shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at E

an

d W

. Sid

es a

re m

oder

ate

to st

eep,

con

vex

and

ir-re

gula

r at t

he E

and

W. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e is

impe

r-ce

ptib

le a

t E a

nd W

. Bas

e is

flat.

Fille

d w

ith C

. 431

, 43

5, 4

38, 4

39, 4

18, r

ecut

by

C.4

26 w

hich

was

fille

d w

ith C

.396

, 397

, 399

, 414

and

419

. Ditc

h C

.427

is

cut i

nto

subs

oil C

.47.

N/A

N/A

53



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

428

47Fi

ll of

Cut

of d

itch

in G

S 47

or E

D

itch

0.54

N-S

x 0

.38

x 0.

07M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n fir

m c

laye

y sil

t. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e pe

bble

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks,

mod

erat

e sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m p

iece

s of c

har-

coal

. Und

er C

.??, o

ver C

.434

.

Non

eN

one

429

17/2

9Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.447

4.0

NW

-SE

x 0.

35

x 0.

25Li

ght y

ello

wish

bro

wn

stiff

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e pe

bble

s and

smal

l sto

nes,

occa

siona

l sub

-rou

nded

larg

e sto

nes.

Und

er

C.4

20, o

ver C

.432

. Pos

sible

col

laps

ed b

ank.

Non

eN

one

430

17Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.447

0.7

NE-

SW x

0.3

x

0.2

Ligh

t pin

kish

bro

wn

stiff

cla

yey

silt.

Freq

uent

coa

rse

angu

lar p

ebbl

es a

nd m

oder

ate

smal

l sub

-rou

nded

sto

nes.

Ove

r C.??

?, un

der C

.420

.

Non

eN

one

431

82/8

3Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

5.0

N-S

x 0

.82

x 0.

42M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n st

iff si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

smal

l and

med

ium

and

mod

erat

e co

arse

ang

ular

, su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Mod

erat

e sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

stone

s and

occ

asio

nal s

ub-a

ngul

ar la

rge

stone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. Tr

unca

ted

by C

.426

, ov

er C

.435

.

03E1

033:

431:

1-22

SS13

2

434

47Fi

ll of

Cut

of d

itch

in G

S 47

or E

D

itch

>1.6

3 N

-S x

0.6

1 x

0.11

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

sub-

roun

ded

med

ium

and

coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd sm

all

stone

s, oc

casio

nal m

ediu

m su

b-ro

unde

d sto

nes.

Oc-

casio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.428

and

423

, in

cut

C.??

Non

eN

one

435

82Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

1.78

NW

-SE

x 0.

08

x 0.

42M

id y

ello

wish

bro

wn

stiff

cla

yey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal

fine

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d, o

ccas

iona

l m

ediu

m a

nd m

oder

ate

coar

se a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Sm

all a

ngul

ar, s

ub-a

ngul

ar a

nd

sub-

roun

ded

stone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

31, o

ver C

.438

.

Non

eSS

133

436

103

Fill

of m

ain

ditc

h>5

.0 E

-W x

1.5

5 x

0.3

Mid

pin

kish

bro

wn

soft

sand

y sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-ro

unde

d fin

e pe

bble

s, m

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar s

mal

l sto

nes a

nd fr

eque

nt m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

stone

s. M

oder

ate

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.4

37.

03E1

033:

436:

1 fli

nt a

rrow

head

. 03

E103

3:43

6:2-

8 po

tter

y

Non

e

54



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

437

89Fi

ll of

mai

n di

tch

? X ?

X 0

.35

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y. Su

b-ro

unde

d oc

casio

nal f

ine

pebb

les a

nd m

ediu

m st

ones

, mod

er-

ate

med

ium

and

coa

rse

pebb

les.

Mod

erat

e sm

all

piec

es o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

36, o

ver C

.458

and

45

9 an

d 46

0.

Non

eN

one

438

82/8

3Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

1.72

N-S

x 0

.92

x 0.

08D

ark

brow

nish

ora

nge

firm

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e an

d m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar, s

ub-a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. U

nder

C.4

35, o

ver C

.439

.

Non

eN

one

439

82/8

3Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

5.0

N-S

x 0

.95

x 0.

12M

id y

ello

wish

bro

wn

stiff

cla

yey

silt.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d co

arse

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es, m

oder

-at

e m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar, s

ub-a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. O

ccas

iona

l sm

all s

ub-a

ngul

ar st

ones

. U

nder

C.4

38, o

ver C

.418

.

Non

eN

one

440

17/2

9R

ecut

of d

itch

C.4

473.

2 N

W-S

E x

0.8

x 0.

25Li

near

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers a

t NE

and

SE.

Brea

k of

slop

e to

p at

SE

end

is sh

arp.

Sid

es a

re st

eep

and

conc

ave

at N

E an

d E,

ver

tical

and

con

cave

at

SW. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e is

grad

ual a

t NE,

SW

, NW

. Fi

lled

with

C.4

29 a

nd 4

32, c

ut in

to C

.441

.

Non

eN

/A

441

17Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.447

1.8

NW

-SE

x 0.

8 x

0.15

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n st

iff si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal c

oars

e an

gula

r peb

bles

and

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

stone

s. U

nder

C.4

32 a

nd 4

40, o

ver C

.???

Non

eN

one

443

105

Fill

of d

itch

C.4

27? X

1.0

9 N

-S x

0.6

Ligh

t yel

low

ish b

row

n so

ft sa

ndy

silt.

Mod

erat

e m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

and

larg

e sto

nes.

Fre-

quen

t ang

ular

smal

l and

med

ium

ston

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.3

95, a

gain

st th

e S

side

of c

ut C

.427

. Pos

sible

col

laps

ed b

ank.

Non

eN

one

444

78Fi

ll of

Wes

t ditc

h2.

04 N

-S x

0.6

8 x

?D

ark

brow

n ve

ry so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal s

ub-

angu

lar f

ine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

. Und

er C

.5???

(see

sh

eet),

ove

r C.4

49.

03E1

033:

444:

1-3

cera

mic

bod

y sh

erds

SS13

4

445

105

Fill

of p

it C

.446

1.27

E-W

x 0

.67

x 0.

3Li

ght g

reyi

sh b

row

n fir

m c

laye

y sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l su

b-an

gula

r med

ium

ston

es. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of

char

coal

. Tru

ncat

ed b

y di

tch

C.4

27, i

n cu

t C.4

46.

Non

eN

one

55



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

446

105

Cut

of p

it, fi

ll C

.445

1.27

E-W

x 0

.67

x 0.

3O

val c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. G

radu

al b

reak

of

slope

top.

Sid

es v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at N

and

NW

, ge

ntle

and

smoo

th a

t NE.

Sou

th si

de tr

unca

ted

by

ditc

h C

.427

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

shar

p at

N, g

radu

al

else

whe

re. B

ase

conc

ave.

Orie

ntat

ed N

-S. T

runc

ated

by

C.4

27, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l C.4

7.

N/A

N/A

447

17/2

9C

ut o

f SW

? ditc

h5.

0 N

W-S

E x

1.0

x 0.

8Li

near

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

er a

t the

SE.

The

br

eak

of sl

ope

top

is sh

arp

at th

e N

and

S, g

radu

al

at th

e SE

end

. The

side

s are

stee

p an

d co

nvex

at t

he

N, v

ertic

al a

nd c

onca

ve a

t the

S a

nd m

oder

ate

and

smoo

th a

t the

SE

end.

The

bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

is sh

arp

at N

and

S, i

mpe

rcep

tible

at S

E. T

he b

ase

is fla

t to

conc

ave.

The

cut

is o

rient

ated

NW

-SE.

The

fil

ls ar

e C

.420

, 429

, 430

, 432

, 433

, 441

, 448

and

is

cut i

nto

subs

oil C

.47.

Non

eN

/A

448

17/2

9Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.447

? X 0

.5 x

0.2

5D

ark

grey

ish b

row

n so

ft sa

ndy

silt w

ith o

ccas

iona

l m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

and

mod

erat

e m

ediu

m

sub-

angu

lar s

tone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

33, o

ver C

.429

and

C.4

32,

Non

eN

one

449

197

Fill

of W

est d

itch

0.76

E-W

x 0

.56

x 0.

12M

id y

ello

wish

bro

wn

com

pact

sand

y cl

ay. M

oder

-at

e an

gula

r, su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

fine,

m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e pe

bble

s. O

ccas

iona

l sm

all

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r and

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar

and

sub-

roun

ded

smal

l and

med

ium

ston

es. U

nder

C

.444

, ove

r C.4

56.

03E1

033:

449:

1 ce

ram

ic

rim sh

erd,

03

E103

3:44

9:2-

37 c

eram

ic

body

sher

ds

SS13

6

450

46Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

0.6

N-S

x 0

.5 x

0.2

5M

id b

row

n ve

ry so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

med

ium

su

b-ro

unde

d sto

nes.

Mod

erat

e fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

06, o

ver C

.427

cut

.

Non

eSS

137

(cha

rcoa

l ric

h)

451

46Fi

ll of

ditc

h C

.427

0.4

N-S

x 0

.3 x

0.3

Mid

pin

kish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l m

ediu

m su

b-ro

unde

d sto

nes.

Und

er C

.406

, ove

r th

e cu

t C.4

27.

Non

eN

one

452

41Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

630.

2 N

W-S

E x

0.12

x

0.1

Dar

k br

owni

sh b

lack

cla

yey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.?, o

ver C

.455

and

454

.

Non

eSS

138

56



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

453

29Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

660.

35 N

-S x

0.3

5 x

0.05

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

clay

ey si

lt. O

ccas

iona

l su

b-ro

unde

d m

ediu

m p

ebbl

es. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C

.464

.

Non

eN

one

454

41Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

630.

46 E

-W x

0.3

6 x

0.1

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

me-

dium

ang

ular

ston

es. U

nder

C.4

52, o

ver C

.462

.N

one

Non

e

455

41C

ut o

f pos

tpip

e in

pit

C.4

630.

25 N

E-SW

x 0

.23

x 0.

1Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se. S

ides

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

. Bas

e is

conc

ave.

Fill

ed w

ith C

.452

, cut

into

C.4

62.

N/A

N/A

455

18Fi

ll of

pits

C.4

57 a

nd 4

630.

7 N

W-S

E x

0.16

x

0.23

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

and

med

ium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. M

oder

-at

e m

ediu

m su

b-ro

unde

d sto

nes.

Und

er to

psoi

l in

cut C

.457

.

Non

eN

one

456

18Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

610.

48 E

-W x

0.2

3 x

0.11

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

angu

lar

and

sub-

angu

lar f

ine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

. Occ

a-sio

nal s

ub-r

ound

ed sm

all s

tone

s, U

nder

tops

oil i

n cu

t C.4

61.

Non

eN

one

456

76Fi

ll of

Wes

t ditc

h>5

.0 N

NE-

SSW

x

0.6

x 0.

4D

ark

brow

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal a

ngul

ar,

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d fin

e, m

ediu

m a

nd

coar

se p

ebbl

es, m

oder

ate

smal

l and

med

ium

ang

ular

an

d su

b-an

gula

r sto

nes.

Und

er C

.449

, in

cut C

.??

03E1

033:

456:

1-28

0 ce

ram

ic

sher

ds

457

18C

ut o

f pit

? X ?

X ?

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

br

eak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

. Sid

es g

entle

and

smoo

th

at N

E, v

ertic

al a

nd c

onca

ve e

lsew

here

. Bas

e fla

t. Fi

lled

with

C.4

55, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

458

89Fi

ll of

mai

n di

tch

? X ?

X 0

.23

Dar

k br

own

firm

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-rou

nded

co

arse

peb

bles

, sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m st

ones

. Mod

erat

e sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.437

, ove

r C.4

59.

Non

eN

one

57



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

459

89Fi

ll of

mai

n di

tch

? X ?

X 0

.18

Mid

yel

low

ish b

row

n fir

m sa

ndy

clay

. Mod

erat

e su

b-ro

unde

d co

arse

peb

bles

and

med

ium

ston

es.

Occ

asio

nal s

mal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

58,

over

C.4

60. T

HER

E IS

A S

HEE

T F

OR

C.4

59

POT

TER

Y SH

ERD

S (O

N S

ITE

FIN

D 5

34)

AS

WEL

L. H

OW

EVER

, TH

ERE

IS N

O P

OT-

TER

Y FR

OM

CO

NT

EXT

459

(OR

FIN

D 5

34)

REC

OR

DED

IN T

HE

FIN

DS

DAT

ABA

SE. B

ut

no fi

nds r

ecor

ded

on sh

eet f

or C

.460

, and

ther

e ar

e su

ppos

edly

193

sher

ds fr

om 4

60. B

ags n

umbe

red

inco

rrec

tly?

Non

eN

one

460

89Fi

ll of

mai

n di

tch

? X ?

X 0

.18

Mid

pur

plish

bro

wn

soft

clay

ey si

lt. M

oder

ate

sub-

roun

ded

med

ium

peb

bles

. Mod

erat

e sm

all p

iece

s of

char

coal

. Und

er C

.459

in c

ut C

.???

03E1

033:

460:

1-19

3 ce

ram

ic

sher

ds

Non

e

461

18C

ut o

f pit

0.48

E-W

x 0

.23

x 0.

11O

val c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Im

perc

eptib

le b

reak

of

slop

e to

p at

E, s

harp

else

whe

re. S

ides

mod

erat

e,

and

conv

ex a

t N, c

onca

ve a

t E a

nd S

, tru

ncat

ed a

t W

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

is c

onca

ve.

Fille

d w

ith C

.456

, cut

into

subs

oil,

trun

cate

d by

C

.457

.

N/A

N/A

462

41Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

630.

46 E

-W x

0.3

4 x

0.1

Dar

k br

owni

sh g

rey

firm

cla

yey

silt.

Freq

uent

smal

l an

d m

ediu

m p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.452

, 454

an

d 45

5, in

pit

cut C

.463

.

Non

eN

one

463

41C

ut o

f pit

0.46

E-W

x 0

.34

x 0.

2O

val c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. G

radu

al b

reak

of

slope

top.

Sid

es v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at N

W, s

teep

an

d sm

ooth

at N

E, v

ertic

al a

nd c

onca

ve a

t SW

and

SE

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

con

cave

. Ori-

enta

ted

E-W

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.462

, 455

, 454

and

432

.

N/A

N/A

464

28Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

660.

64 E

-W x

0.4

6 x

0.12

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Und

er C

.453

, ove

r C

.465

.

Non

eN

one

465

29Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

660.

54 E

-W x

0.3

8 x

0.09

Ligh

t gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-an

gula

r sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m st

ones

, and

sub-

roun

ded

smal

l sto

nes.

and

sub-

roun

ded

and

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. U

nder

C.3

10, 3

12, 3

90, i

n cu

t C

.400

.

Non

eN

one

58



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

466

29C

ut o

f pit

0.64

E-W

x 0

.47

x 0.

21Su

b-re

ctan

gula

r cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at N

and

S, g

radu

al a

t E a

nd W

. Si

des v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at N

and

S, m

oder

ate

and

smoo

th a

t E a

nd W

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

shar

p at

N,

grad

ual e

lsew

here

. Bas

e co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C.4

53,

464,

and

465

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

467

79Fi

ll of

a n

atur

al h

ollo

w0.

36 E

-W x

0.2

6 x

0.02

Mid

gre

y so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal a

ngul

ar a

nd

sub-

angu

lar m

ediu

m p

ebbl

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks a

nd

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.4

68.

Non

eN

one

468

79Fi

ll of

a n

atur

al h

ollo

w0.

3 E-

W x

0.1

9 x

?Bl

ack

char

coal

rich

soft

clay

ey si

lt. F

requ

ent f

leck

s an

d sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.467

, ove

r C

.469

.

Non

eN

one

469

79Fi

ll of

a n

atur

al h

ollo

w0.

7 N

E-SW

x 0

.63

x 0.

03Li

ght b

row

nish

gre

y so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s and

smal

l pi

eces

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.468

, ove

r C.4

70.

Non

eN

one

470

79Fi

ll of

a n

atur

al h

ollo

w0.

66 E

-W x

0.4

4 x

0.02

Mot

tled

light

bro

wni

sh g

rey

char

coal

rich

soft

silty

cl

ay. O

ccas

iona

l med

ium

and

coa

rse

angu

lar a

nd

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks a

nd sm

all

piec

es o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

69, o

ver C

.471

.

Non

eN

one

471

79Fi

ll of

a n

atur

al h

ollo

w0.

29 E

-W x

0.2

5 x

0.04

Blac

k ch

arco

al ri

ch so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Fre

quen

t fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

70, o

ver

subs

oil

Non

eSS

142

472

54T

imbe

r pos

t in

post

hole

C.4

730.

32 N

-S x

0.2

3 x

0.16

Freq

uent

larg

e pi

eces

of c

harc

oal,

the

rem

ains

of a

po

st in

cut

C.4

73. U

nder

tops

oil C

.4.

Non

eSS

143

473

54C

ut o

f pos

tpip

e in

pos

thol

e C

.504

0.32

N-S

x 0

.23

x 0.

16Su

b-re

ctan

gula

r cut

with

shar

p co

rner

s at t

he N

E an

d N

W, r

ound

ed a

t the

SE

and

SW. T

he b

reak

of

slope

top

is sh

arp

at th

e N

, E a

nd W

, and

gra

dual

at

the

S. T

he si

des a

re v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

on

the

E an

d W

, gen

tle a

nd ir

regu

lar o

n th

e S

and

vert

ical

an

d un

derc

ut o

n th

e N

. The

bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

is sh

arp

at th

e N

, E a

nd W

, gra

dual

on

the

sout

h. T

he

base

is p

oint

ed. T

he to

p is

S of

the

base

and

the

cut

is or

ient

ated

N-S

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.472

and

496

, pos

t pa

cked

in p

lace

with

C.4

76.

N/A

N/A

59



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

474

78Fi

ll of

pit

C.4

750.

94 E

-W x

0.4

2 x

0.14

Mid

pin

kish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les a

nd

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar s

tone

s. U

nder

tops

oil i

n cu

t C

.475

.

Non

eN

one

475

78C

ut o

f pit,

fill

C.4

740.

94 E

-W x

0.4

2 x

0.14

Ova

l cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at N

and

E, g

radu

al a

t S a

nd im

perc

eptib

le a

t W

. Sid

es v

ertic

al a

nd st

eppe

d at

N, m

oder

ate

and

smoo

th a

t S, v

ertic

al a

t E a

nd st

eep

and

smoo

th a

t W

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

con

cave

. Fill

ed

with

C.4

73, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

477

66Fi

ll of

pit/

post

hole

C.4

790.

19 E

-W x

0.1

6 x

0.08

Dar

k br

own

firm

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

sub-

roun

ded,

and

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

und-

ed p

ebbl

es. F

requ

ent f

leck

s and

smal

l pie

ces o

f ch

arco

al. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.4

78.

Non

eN

one

478

66Fi

ll of

pit/

post

hole

C.4

790.

19 E

-W x

0.1

6 x

0.04

Mid

gre

enish

bro

wn

firm

sand

y cl

ay. F

requ

ent

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

and

mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r an

d su

b-ro

unde

d co

arse

peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of

cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

77, i

n cu

t C.4

79.

Non

eN

one

479

66C

ut o

f pit/

post

hole

0.19

E-W

x 0

.16

x 0.

12C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

mod

erat

e an

d co

ncav

e at

N, S

, and

W

, gen

tle a

nd c

onca

ve a

t E. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se fl

at. F

illed

with

C.4

77 a

nd 4

78, c

ut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

480

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

190.

5 N

-S x

0.3

x 0

.08

Dar

k bl

acki

sh g

rey

soft

clay

ey si

lt. O

ccas

iona

l m

ediu

m a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

and

3

smal

l sub

-ang

ular

ston

es. M

oder

ate

fleck

s and

smal

l pi

eces

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, ov

er C

.481

.

Non

eN

one

481

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

190.

34 N

-S x

0.2

6 x

0.14

Dar

k bl

uish

gre

y so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal c

oars

e an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. F

requ

ent f

leck

s an

d sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.480

, ove

r C

.482

.

Non

eSS

146

482

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

190.

3 N

-S x

0.1

6 x

0.06

Dar

k bl

acki

sh g

rey

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-an

gula

r sm

all s

tone

s. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.481

, ove

r C.4

83.

Non

eSS

145

60



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

483

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

190.

32 N

-S x

0.2

6 x

0.03

Mid

bla

ckish

gre

y so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f bu

rnt b

one.

Und

er C

.482

, ove

r C.4

84.

Non

eSS

151

484

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

190.

24 N

W-S

E x

0.13

x

0.02

Dar

k gr

ey so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Mod

erat

e fle

cks a

nd sm

all

piec

es o

f cha

rcoa

l. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f bur

nt b

one.

U

nder

C.4

83, o

ver C

.513

.

Non

eSS

152

485

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.486

0.11

E-W

x 0

.1 x

0.

08D

ark

brow

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e su

b-ro

unde

d, a

nd m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Freq

uent

flec

ks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

to

psoi

l, in

cut

C.4

86.

Non

eN

one

486

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.485

0.11

E-W

x 0

.1 x

0.

08C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

smoo

th a

nd c

onca

ve. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e im

perc

eptib

le. B

ase

conc

ave.

Fill

ed w

ith C

.485

, cut

in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

487

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.488

0.1

E-W

x 0

.08

x 0.

16Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slo

pe to

p. C

onca

ve si

des.

Gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe

base

. Bas

e is

a ta

pere

d po

int.

Fille

d w

ith C

.488

, cut

in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

488

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.487

0.1

E-W

x 0

.08

x 0.

16D

ark

brow

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

and

fre-

quen

t med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Und

er to

psoi

l in

cut

C.4

87.

Non

eN

one

489

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.491

0.11

NE-

SW x

0.0

7 x

0.09

Dar

k re

ddish

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

and

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.4

90.

Non

eN

one

490

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.491

0.11

NE-

SW x

0.0

7 x

0.04

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Und

er C

.489

in c

ut C

.491

.

Non

eN

one

491

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ills a

re C

.489

an

d 49

00.

11 N

E-SW

x 0

.07

x 0.

13Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slo

pe to

p. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th. G

radu

al b

reak

of

slop

e ba

se. B

ase

is co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C.4

89 a

nd

490,

cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

492

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.493

? X ?

X ?

Circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

. Sid

es v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

. Bas

e fla

t. Fi

lled

with

C.4

93, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

61



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

493

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.492

? X ?

X ?

Dar

k bl

acki

sh b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

fine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

. M

oder

ate

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

fill o

f C.4

92.

Non

eSS

147

494

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.495

0.09

NE-

SW x

0.0

7 x

0.08

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Brea

k of

slop

e to

p sh

arp

at S

, gra

dual

else

whe

re. S

ides

mod

erat

e an

d co

ncav

e. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e im

perc

eptib

le. B

ase

conc

ave.

Fill

ed w

ith C

.495

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

495

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.494

0.09

NE-

SW x

0.0

7 x

0.08

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

and

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

cut

C

.494

.

Non

eN

one

496

54Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.473

0.14

N-S

x 0

.09

x 0.

06Li

ght p

inki

sh o

rang

e so

ft cl

ay. F

requ

ent c

harc

oal

fleck

s. U

nder

C 4

72 in

cut

C.4

73.

Non

eN

one

497

54Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.504

0.35

NE-

SW x

0.1

2 x

0.12

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar m

ediu

m p

ebbl

es a

nd sm

all s

tone

s. M

oder

-at

e fle

cks,

smal

l and

med

ium

pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

98 in

cut

C.5

04.

Non

eN

one

498

54Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.504

0.3

NW

-SE

x 0.

15

x 0.

12Li

ght y

ello

wish

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l su

b-an

gula

r med

ium

ston

es, o

ne la

rge

stone

(0.15

x

0.18

m).

Und

er 4

97 in

cut

C.5

04.

Non

eN

one

499

54Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.501

0.37

NE-

SW x

0.3

x

0.14

Dar

k gr

eyish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-ro

unde

d co

arse

peb

bles

. Fre

quen

t fle

cks a

nd sm

all

piec

es o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.5

00 in

po

stpi

pe C

.501

.

Non

eSS

149

500

54Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.501

0.35

N-S

x 0

.32

x 0.

1D

ark

grey

ish b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

smal

l sub

-ang

ular

ston

es. F

requ

ent f

leck

s, sm

all a

nd

med

ium

pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

99, i

n po

st-pi

pe C

.501

, pos

t bur

nt in

-situ

in p

osth

ole

C.5

03.

Non

eSS

150

501

54C

ut o

f pos

tpip

e in

pos

thol

e C

.503

0.35

N-S

x 0

.32

x 0.

17Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith sq

uare

cor

ners

. Sha

rp b

reak

of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th a

t NW

and

SW

, ver

tical

and

und

ercu

t at N

E an

d SE

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

flat

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.499

and

50

0, p

acke

d in

pla

ce w

ith C

.502

in p

osth

ole

C.5

03.

N/A

N/A

62



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

502

54Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.503

0.56

N-S

x 0

.54

x 0.

2M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sa

ndy

silt.

Occ

asio

nal m

edi-

um a

ngul

ar p

ebbl

es, f

requ

ent m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r sto

nes.

Pack

s pos

tpip

e C

.501

with

fills

C.4

99 a

nd

500

in p

lace

in p

osth

ole

cut C

.503

.

Non

eN

one

503

54C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

56 N

-S x

0.5

4 x

0.2

Sub-

squa

re c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th a

t N

W a

nd S

W, s

teep

and

smoo

th a

t NE

and

SE. B

ase

flat.

Cut

of p

osth

ole

fille

d w

ith C

.502

whi

ch p

acks

po

stpi

pe c

ut C

.501

with

fills

C.4

99 a

nd 5

00 in

pl

ace.

Cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

504

54C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

48 N

-S x

0.4

7 x

0.17

Circ

ular

cut

. Sha

rp b

reak

of s

lope

top

at N

, E a

nd

W, g

radu

al a

t S. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th a

t E a

nd

W, v

ertic

al a

nd sl

ight

ly u

nder

cut a

t N a

nd st

eep

and

irreg

ular

at S

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

is sh

arp

on N

, gr

adua

l on

S, E

and

W. B

ase

is co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C

.497

, 498

, pos

tpip

e cu

t C.4

73, f

ills o

f pos

tpip

e C

.472

, 496

. Cut

into

subs

oil C

.47.

Non

eN

/A

506

81Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.508

0.07

N-S

x 0

.06

x 0.

06D

ark

brow

nish

bla

ck so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, ov

er C

.507

.N

one

SS15

3

507

81Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.508

0.23

E-W

x 0

.18

x 0.

29D

ark

brow

n so

ft sa

ndy

clay

. Occ

asio

nal m

ediu

m

roun

ded

stone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

n-de

r C.5

06 in

stak

ehol

e C

.508

.

Non

eN

one

508

81C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ills a

re C

.506

an

d 50

70.

23 E

-W x

0.1

8 x

0.29

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

. Sid

es st

eep

and

smoo

th. B

ase

is fla

t. Fi

lled

with

C.5

06 a

nd 5

07, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

509

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.510

0.07

E-W

x 0

.06

x 0.

16D

ark

blac

kish

bro

wn

firm

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

sub-

roun

ded

fine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

. Mod

erat

e fle

cks

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, fil

l of s

take

hole

C.5

10.

Non

eN

one

510

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.509

0.07

E-W

x 0

.06

x 0.

16C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p, E

side

step

ped,

ver

tical

else

whe

re. G

radu

al

brea

k of

slop

e ba

se. B

ase

conc

ave.

Fill

ed w

ith

C.5

09, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

511

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.512

0.21

E-W

x 0

.13

x 0.

09M

id b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d m

e-di

um p

ebbl

es. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er

tops

oil,

in st

akeh

ole

cut C

.512

.

Non

eN

one

63



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

512

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.511

0.21

E-W

x 0

.13

x 0.

09Su

b-ov

al c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th w

ith th

ree

stone

s pro

trud

ing

from

NE,

S a

nd S

W. B

reak

of

slope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se c

onca

ve. F

illed

with

C.5

11,

cut i

nto

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

513

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

190.

08 N

-S x

0.0

8 x

0.03

Mid

bro

wni

sh g

rey

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.4

84, o

ver

C.5

14.

Non

eSS

154

514

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

190.

22 E

-W x

0.1

4 x

0.04

Mid

redd

ish g

rey

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f bu

rnt b

one.

Und

er C

.513

, in

cut C

.519

.

Non

eSS

155

515

78Fi

ll of

furr

ow C

.516

2.19

NW

-SE

x 0.

45

x 0.

23M

id p

inki

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal s

ub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s, an

d m

ediu

m

sub-

angu

lar s

tone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut C

.,516

.

Non

eN

one

516

78C

ut o

f fur

row,

fill

C.5

152.

19 N

W-S

E x

0.45

x

0.23

Line

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slo

pe to

p at

N, E

, W, g

radu

al a

t S. S

ides

ver

tical

and

sm

ooth

at N

, mod

erat

e an

d sm

ooth

at S

, mod

erat

e an

d st

eppe

d at

NE

and

gent

le a

nd sm

ooth

at S

W.

Brea

k of

slop

e ba

se g

radu

al. B

ase

conc

ave.

Fill

ed

with

C.,5

15, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

517

81Fi

ll of

pla

nkho

le C

.518

0.27

E-W

x 0

.08

x 0.

11D

ark

char

coal

rich

bla

ck so

ft sa

ndy

silt.

Freq

uent

fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, po

ssib

ly b

urnt

in-s

itu, i

n cu

t C.5

18.

Non

eSS

156

518

81C

ut o

f pla

nkho

le, f

ill C

.517

0.27

E-W

x 0

.08

x 0.

11Su

b-re

ctan

gula

r cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top.

Sid

es st

eep

and

conc

ave.

Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

con

cave

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.517

, cu

t int

o su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

519

79C

ut o

f pit

0.34

N-S

x 0

.34

x 0.

28Su

b-sq

uare

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at W

, gra

dual

else

whe

re. S

ides

ver

tical

an

d sm

ooth

at N

, S a

nd W

. Ste

ep a

nd sm

ooth

at E

. Br

eak

of sl

ope

base

gra

dual

. Bas

e fla

t. Fi

lled

with

C

.480

, 481

, 482

, 483

, 484

, 513

and

514

, tru

ncat

es

pit C

.552

.

N/A

N/A

64



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

520

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.521

0.12

E-W

x 0

.07

x 0.

09D

ark

brow

nish

bla

ck fi

rm si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d m

ediu

m su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of

cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut C

.521

.

Non

eSS

157

521

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.520

0.12

E-W

x 0

.07

x 0.

09C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Br

eak

of sl

ope

top

shar

p at

N a

nd W

, gra

dual

at E

and

S. S

ides

mod

er-

ate

and

conc

ave.

Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C.5

20, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

522

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.523

0.17

E-W

x 0

.12

x 0.

08D

ark

brow

nish

bla

ck fi

rm si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d m

ediu

m su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of

cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut C

.523

.

Non

eN

one

523

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.522

0.17

E-W

x 0

.12

x 0.

08Su

b-tr

iang

ular

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Brea

k of

slo

pe to

p sh

arp

at N

E, N

and

W, g

radu

al e

lsew

here

. Si

des s

moo

th a

nd c

onca

ve. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se c

onca

ve. F

illed

with

C.5

22, c

ut in

to

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

524

54Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

250.

73 E

-W x

0.6

9 x

0.38

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

firm

sand

y cl

ay. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar c

oars

e pe

bble

s and

smal

l sto

nes,

and

angu

-la

r med

ium

ston

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l at

the

top.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

cut

C.5

25.

Non

eN

one

525

54C

ut o

f pit,

fill

C.5

240.

73 E

-W x

0.6

9 x

0.38

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top.

Sid

es st

eep

and

conc

ave.

Bre

ak o

f slo

pe

base

impe

rcep

tible

at N

and

S, g

radu

al a

t E a

nd

W. B

ase

undu

latin

g. O

rient

ated

E-W

. Fill

ed w

ith

C.5

24, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

526

67Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.541

0.23

N-S

x 0

.22

x 0.

15D

ark

blui

sh b

lack

soft

silt.

Occ

asio

nal s

ub-a

ngul

ar

and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les,

and

sub-

angu

lar m

ediu

m

stone

s. Fr

eque

nt fl

ecks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.5

39.

Non

eSS

158

527

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

520.

49 N

W-S

E x

0.13

x

0.09

Occ

asio

nal a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r med

ium

and

co

arse

peb

bles

, and

sub-

angu

lar s

mal

l sto

nes.

Occ

a-sio

nal f

leck

s and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. Tr

unca

ted

by p

it C

.519

, ove

r C.5

32.

Non

eSS

159

528

54Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

290.

62 N

-S x

0.6

2 x

0.3

Dar

k gr

eyish

bro

wn

soft

clay

ey si

lt. A

ngul

ar o

c-ca

siona

l fin

e, fr

eque

nt m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e pe

bble

s. Fr

eque

nt m

ediu

m su

b-ro

unde

d sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

cut

C.5

29.

Non

eSS

160

65



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

529

54C

ut o

f pit,

fill

C.5

280.

7 N

E-SW

x 0

.62

x 0.

3Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

und

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak

of sl

ope

top

at N

and

E, s

harp

at S

and

W. S

ides

ve

rtic

al a

nd c

onca

ve a

t W, s

teep

and

smoo

th a

t N

and

E, v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at S

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

con

cave

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.528

, cut

into

su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

530

81Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.531

0.11

N-S

x 0

.11

x 0.

1D

ark

char

coal

rich

bla

ck so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Freq

uent

fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, po

ssib

ly b

urnt

in-s

itu, i

n cu

t C.5

31.

Non

eSS

161

531

81C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.530

0.11

N-S

x 0

.11

x 0.

1C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

stee

ply

slopi

ng. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se is

a ta

pere

d po

int.

Fille

d w

ith C

.530

, cu

t int

o su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

532

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

520.

13 E

-W x

0.1

1 x

0.11

Blac

k so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of b

urnt

bon

e. U

nder

C.5

27, o

ver

C.5

37.

Non

eSS

162

533

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.534

0.08

E-W

x 0

.06

x 0.

1D

ark

grey

ish b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Mod

erat

e fle

cks

of c

cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

in st

akeh

ole

cut C

.534

.

Non

eN

one

534

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.533

0.08

E-W

x 0

.06

x 0.

1C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

con

cave

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C.5

33, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

535

66Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.536

0.07

E-W

x 0

.06

x 0.

07D

ark

grey

ish b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

peb-

bles

. Mod

erat

e fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

in

stak

ehol

e cu

t C.5

36.

Non

eN

one

536

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.535

0.07

E-W

x 0

.06

x 0.

07C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se c

onca

ve. F

illed

with

C.5

35, c

ut in

to

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

537

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

520.

45 N

W-S

E x

0.08

x

0.23

Mid

yel

low

ish b

row

nish

gre

y so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

a-sio

nal a

ngul

ar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd

smal

l sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s and

smal

l pie

ces o

f ch

arco

al. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f bur

nt so

il. U

nder

C

.532

, ove

r C.5

38.

Non

eSS

163

66



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

538

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

520.

31 N

W-S

E x

0.09

x

0.07

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal c

oars

e su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s and

smal

l pi

eces

of c

harc

oal.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s and

smal

l pi

eces

of b

urnt

soil.

Und

er C

.537

, ove

r C.5

49.

Non

eSS

164

539

67Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.541

0.3

NE-

SW x

0.2

2 x

0.19

Dar

k br

owni

sh g

rey

soft

clay

ey si

lt. O

ccas

iona

l su

b-an

gula

r med

ium

and

coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd sm

all

stone

s. Fr

eque

nt fl

ecks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.5

26 in

pos

tpip

e C

.541

in p

osth

ole

C.5

55.

Non

eSS

165

540

81Sp

read

0.5

E-W

x 0

.2 x

0.0

4M

id b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal a

ngul

ar a

nd

sub-

roun

ded

med

ium

peb

bles

. Fre

quen

t fle

cks

and

occa

siona

l med

ium

pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

to

psoi

l, ov

er C

.553

.

Non

eSS

166

541

67C

ut o

f pos

tpip

e in

pos

thol

e C

.555

0.3

NE-

SE x

0.2

2 x

0.19

Ova

l cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe to

p at

E, s

harp

else

whe

re. S

ides

mod

erat

e an

d co

ncav

e at

N a

nd S

, mod

erat

e an

d sm

ooth

at

E, g

entle

and

und

ercu

t at W

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

is gr

adua

l. Ba

se is

con

cave

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.526

and

539

, pa

cked

in p

lace

with

C.5

54 in

pos

thol

e C

.555

.

N/A

N/A

542

78Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

660.

3 N

-S x

0.2

8 x

0.15

Dar

k gr

eyish

red

soft

clay

ey si

lt. M

oder

ate

angu

lar

fine,

med

ium

and

coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd sm

all s

tone

s. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of c

harc

oal.

Occ

asio

nal m

ediu

m

piec

es o

f bur

nt so

il. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut C

.566

.

Non

eSS

168

543

Con

text

shee

t bl

ank

Con

text

shee

t bla

nkC

onte

xt sh

eet b

lank

Con

text

shee

t bla

nkC

onte

xt sh

eet

blan

kC

onte

xt sh

eet

blan

k54

455

Spre

ad &

fill

of p

osth

ole

C.5

460.

28 N

-S x

0.2

4 x

0.4

Dar

k br

own

stiff

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar

coar

se p

ebbl

es a

nd sm

all s

tone

s. M

oder

ate

fleck

s an

d sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, ov

er

C.5

45.

Non

eN

one

545

55Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.546

0.21

E-W

x 0

.2 x

0.

19M

id b

row

nish

bla

ck so

ft pe

aty

clay

. Mod

erat

e su

b-ro

unde

d sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m st

ones

. Mod

erat

e fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.544

, in

post

hole

cut

C.5

46.

Non

eSS

167

546

55C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

21 E

-W x

0.2

x

0.19

Circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

. Sid

es v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at S

, E a

nd

W, s

teep

and

und

ercu

t at N

. Bas

e co

ncav

e. F

illed

w

ith C

.544

and

545

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

67



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

547

55Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.548

0.21

E-W

x 0

.2 x

0.

19M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd sm

all s

tone

s. O

ccas

iona

l m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of

char

coal

. Und

er to

psoi

l, in

cut

C.5

48.

Non

eN

one

548

55C

ut o

f pos

thol

e, fi

ll C

.547

0.21

E-W

x 0

.2 x

0.

19C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

stee

p an

d co

ncav

e. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e im

perc

eptib

le. B

ase

is a

tape

red

blun

t poi

nt. F

illed

w

ith C

.547

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

549

79Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.550

0.09

N-S

x 0

.08

x 0.

08D

ark

grey

soft

silty

cla

y. Fr

eque

nt fl

ecks

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er p

it fil

l C.5

38, i

n st

akeh

ole

cut C

.550

.N

one

Non

e

550

79C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.549

0.09

N-S

x 0

.08

x 0.

08Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p at

E a

nd N

, gra

dual

at S

and

W. S

ides

ve

rtic

al. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se c

onca

ve.

Fille

d w

ith C

.549

, cut

into

pit

fill C

.551

in p

it C

.552

.

N/A

N/A

551

79Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

520.

36 N

W-S

E x

0.21

x

0.03

Mot

tled

brow

n an

d w

hite

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l su

b-an

gula

r coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd sm

all s

tone

s. O

cca-

siona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. Tr

unca

ted

by C

.550

, thi

s is

the

basa

l fill

of C

.552

.

Non

eN

one

552

79C

ut o

f pit

? X ?

X ?

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of

slope

top

at W

, gra

dual

else

whe

re. S

ides

ver

tical

and

sm

ooth

at N

, ste

ep a

nd sm

ooth

else

whe

re. B

reak

of

slope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se u

ndul

atin

g. T

runc

ated

by

C.5

19. F

illed

with

C.5

27, 5

32, 5

37, 5

38, s

take

hole

fil

l and

cut

C.5

49 a

nd 5

50, a

nd C

.551

. Cut

into

su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

553

81Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

640.

48 N

E-SW

x 0

.37

x 0.

08M

id o

rang

ish st

iff sa

ndy

clay

. Und

er C

.540

, in

cut

C.5

64. B

UR

NT

IN-S

ITU

???N

one

SS16

9

554

67Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.555

0.43

N-S

x 0

.41

x 0.

17M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal

sub-

angu

lar f

ine

pebb

les a

nd sm

all s

tone

s, m

oder

-at

e m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

C.5

55 p

acks

C.5

41

whi

ch is

fille

d w

ith C

.526

and

539

in p

lace

, fill

s po

stho

le c

ut C

.555

.

Non

eSS

170

68



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

555

67C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

43 N

-S x

0.4

1 x

0.17

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at N

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Sid

es m

od-

erat

e an

d st

eppe

d at

N a

nd E

, ver

tical

and

irre

gula

r at

S, v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at W

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

con

cave

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.554

whi

ch

pack

s pos

tpip

e C

.541

,whi

ch is

fille

d w

ith C

.526

an

d 53

9, in

pla

ce. C

ut in

to p

it fil

l C.5

78.

N/A

N/A

556

66/7

8Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.557

0.28

NE-

SW x

0.2

x

0.2

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Freq

uent

fine

su

b-an

gula

r, m

oder

ate

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

peb-

bles

, occ

asio

nal m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r sto

nes.

Occ

a-sio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

pos

tpip

e cu

t C.5

57.

Non

eN

one

557

66/7

8C

ut o

f pos

tpip

eC

onte

xt sh

eet b

lank

Con

text

shee

t bla

nkC

onte

xt sh

eet

blan

kC

onte

xt sh

eet

blan

k55

718

Cut

of p

ostp

ipe

in p

osth

ole

C.6

360.

28 N

E-SW

x 0

.2

x 0.

2Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se. S

ides

gen

tle a

nd sm

ooth

at

SW a

nd S

E, st

eep

and

smoo

th e

lsew

here

. Bas

e fla

t. Fi

lled

with

C.5

56, p

acke

d in

pla

ce w

ith C

.635

in

post

hole

C63

6

N/A

N/A

558

81Sp

read

0.6

NW

-SE

x 0.

37

x ?

Une

xcav

ated

. Lig

ht y

ello

wish

ora

nge

firm

silty

cla

y. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

subs

oil.

Non

eN

one

559

81Sp

read

0.7

NW

-SE

x 0.

4 x

?U

nexc

avat

ed. M

id re

ddish

ora

nge

spre

ad..

Und

er

tops

oil,

over

subs

oil.

Non

eN

one

560

91Fi

ll of

pit

C:5

730.

49 N

W-S

E x

0.35

x

0.03

Mid

bro

wni

sh g

rey

firm

cla

yey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal

heat

-sha

tter

ed su

b-an

gula

r coa

rse

pebb

les.

Freq

uent

fle

cks a

nd sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, ov

er C

.561

.

Non

eSS

171

561

91Fi

ll of

pit

C:5

730.

34 N

W-S

E x

0.24

x

0.04

Blac

k ch

arco

al ri

ch fi

rm c

laye

y sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-an

gula

r med

ium

peb

bles

. Mod

erat

e fle

cks a

nd sm

all

piec

es o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.5

60, o

ver C

.564

.

Non

eSS

170

562

81Fi

ll of

pit/

post

hole

C.5

70? X

? X

0.0

7D

ark

char

coal

rich

bla

ck fi

rm si

lty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

med

ium

ang

ular

peb

bles

. Fre

quen

t fle

cks a

nd

mod

erat

e sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Trun

cate

d by

pit

C.5

64, o

ver C

.563

.

Non

eSS

173

563

81Fi

ll of

pit/

post

hole

C.5

70? X

? X

?M

id b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Und

er C

.562

in p

it cu

t C

.570

.N

one

Non

e

69



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

564

81C

ut o

f pit/

post

pipe

? X ?

X 0

.11

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

. Sid

es ‘C

HEC

K P

LAN

FO

R

INFO

’. Ba

se C

onca

ve. F

illed

with

C.5

53 a

nd 5

40,

trun

cate

s C.5

62,

N/A

N/A

564

91Fi

ll of

pit

C:5

730.

34 N

W-S

E x

0.25

x

0.05

Dar

k gr

eyish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-an

gula

r coa

rse

pebb

les a

nd sm

all s

tone

s Mod

erat

e fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.5

61 in

cut

C.5

73.

Non

eN

one

566

78R

ecut

of p

it C

.569

0.3

N-S

x 0

.28

x 0.

15Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

ver

tical

and

und

ercu

t at N

W a

nd

NE,

ver

tical

and

con

vex

at S

SW. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e sh

arp.

Bas

e fla

t. Fi

lled

with

C.5

42, c

ut in

to C

.568

.

N/A

N/A

567

78C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.611

0.28

N-S

x 0

.28

x 0.

17Su

b-sq

uare

cut

with

squa

re c

orne

rs. S

harp

bre

ak o

f slo

pe to

p. S

ides

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe

base

gra

dual

. Bas

e is

a ta

pere

d bl

unt p

oint

. Fill

ed

with

C.6

11, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

568

78Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

690.

46 N

-S x

0.4

5 x

0.22

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n so

ft sa

ndy

silt.

Freq

uent

coa

rse

angu

lar p

ebbl

es a

nd sm

all s

ub-r

ound

ed st

ones

. Tr

unca

ted

by C

.566

, in

cut C

.569

.

Non

eN

one

569

78C

ut o

f pit/

post

hole

0.46

N-S

x 0

.45

x 0.

22Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slo

pe to

p. S

ides

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

at N

W, N

E sa

nd

SW. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se c

onca

ve.

Fille

d w

ith C

.568

, whi

ch is

recu

t by

C.5

66 w

hich

is

fille

d w

ith C

.542

. Cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

570

81C

ut o

f pit/

post

hole

0.7

N-S

x 0

.65

x 0.

15Ir

regu

lar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slo

pe to

p at

S, g

radu

al e

lsew

here

. Sid

es ‘C

HEC

K

PLA

N F

OR

INFO

’ Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

shar

p at

S,

grad

ual e

lsew

here

. Bas

e co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C.5

62

and

563,

recu

t/tru

ncat

ed b

y/pa

cks C

.564

. Cut

into

su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

571

55Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

720.

53 E

-W x

0.4

1 x

0.33

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar c

oars

e pe

bble

s and

smal

l sto

nes,

occa

siona

l m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r sto

nes.

Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of

char

coal

. Und

er to

psoi

l in

cut C

.572

.

Non

eN

one

70



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

572

55C

ut o

f pit,

fill

C.5

710.

53 E

-W x

0.4

1 x

0.33

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Brea

k of

slo

pe to

p an

d ba

se sh

arp.

Sid

es st

eep

and

smoo

th

at N

and

W, s

teep

and

con

cave

at E

and

stee

p an

d irr

egul

ar a

t S. B

ase

is co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C.5

71,

cut i

nto

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

573

91C

ut o

f pit

0.42

N-S

x 0

.4 x

0.1

2Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Br

eak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

gra

dual

. Sid

es st

eep

and

smoo

th a

t N, S

an

d E,

ver

tical

and

smoo

th a

t W. B

ase

flat.

Fille

d w

ith C

.560

, 561

and

564

, tru

ncat

es C

.574

pos

thol

e.

N/A

N/A

574

91Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.575

0.24

E-W

x 0

.18

x 0.

15M

id g

rey

firm

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-ang

ular

co

arse

peb

bles

and

smal

l sto

nes.

Mod

erat

e fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. Tr

unca

ted

by p

it C

.573

, in

post

hole

cut

C.5

75.

Non

eN

one

575

91C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

24 E

-W x

0.1

8 x

0.15

Ova

l cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe

top

at N

and

S, s

harp

at E

and

W. S

ides

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

is a

ta

pere

d ro

unde

d po

int.

Fille

d w

ith C

.574

, tru

ncat

ed

by C

.573

pit,

cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

576

67Fi

ll of

driv

en p

ost C

.577

0.26

N-S

x 0

.23

x 0.

17M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

med

ium

and

mod

erat

e co

arse

sub-

roun

ded

peb-

bles

, mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r sm

all s

tone

s. O

ccas

iona

l ch

arco

al fl

ecks

. Und

er to

psoi

l, in

cut

C.5

77.

Non

eN

one

577

67C

ut o

f driv

en p

ost,

fill C

.576

0.26

N-S

x 0

.23

x 0.

17Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

stee

p an

d co

ncav

e at

N, s

teep

and

sm

ooth

at E

and

W, s

teep

and

und

ercu

t at S

. Bre

ak

of sl

ope

base

gra

dual

. Bas

e co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C

.576

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

578

67Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

790.

6 N

-S x

0.5

x 0

.29

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

soft

clay

ey si

lt. M

oder

ate

med

ium

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s and

sto

nes.

Trun

cate

d by

pos

thol

e C

.555

, in

cut C

.579

.

Non

eN

one

579

67C

ut o

f pit

0.6

N-S

x 0

.5 x

0.2

9O

val c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p.

Side

s ver

tical

and

irre

gula

r at N

, W a

nd S

, mod

erat

e an

d co

ncav

e at

E. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se

conc

ave.

Fill

ed w

ith C

.578

whi

ch is

trun

cate

d by

po

stho

le C

.555

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

71



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

580

79Fi

ll of

nat

ural

hol

low

/ Fi

ll of

pit

C.5

812.

3 N

W-S

E x

1.2

x 0.

14M

id b

row

nish

bla

ck so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

med

ium

and

coa

rse

pebb

les,

mod

erat

e su

b-ro

unde

d sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m

stone

s. M

oder

ate

fleck

s and

smal

l pie

ces,

and

oc-

casio

nal m

ediu

m p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

pit

cut C

.581

.

Non

eSS

174

581

79C

ut o

f nat

ural

hol

low

/ Cut

of p

it,

fill C

.580

2.3

NW

-SE

x 1.

2 x

0.14

Irre

gula

r cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

. Sid

es m

oder

ate

and

irreg

ular

at

W, g

entle

and

irre

gula

r else

whe

re. B

ase

undu

lat-

ing.

Fill

ed w

ith C

.580

, ove

r sta

keho

le C

.582

and

po

stho

le C

. 584

.

N/A

N/A

582

79Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.583

0.08

E-W

x 0

.07

x 0.

13M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e su

b-ro

unde

d m

ediu

m p

ebbl

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut

C.5

83.

Non

eN

one

583

79C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.582

0.08

E-W

x 0

.07

x 0.

13C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se.,

Side

s ver

tical

and

smoo

th. B

ase

con-

cave

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.582

, cut

into

C.5

81 p

it cu

t.

N/A

N/A

584

79Fi

ll of

driv

en p

ost C

.585

0.36

E-W

x 0

.23

x 0.

14M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e m

ediu

m a

nd o

ccas

iona

l coa

rse

sub-

angu

lar a

nd

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les,

mod

erat

e su

b-ro

unde

d sm

all

stone

s. U

nder

pit

fill C

.580

, in

driv

en p

ost c

ut

C.5

85.

Non

eSS

175

585

79C

ut o

f driv

en p

ost,

fill C

.584

0.36

E-W

x 0

.23

x 0.

14Ir

regu

lar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Br

eak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

impe

rcep

tible

at W

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Si

des s

teep

and

smoo

th a

t N a

nd S

, ste

ep a

nd

conc

ave

at E

, mod

erat

e an

d irr

egul

ar a

t W. B

ase

conc

ave.

Fill

ed w

ith C

.584

in b

ase

of p

it C

.581

.

N/A

N/A

586

65Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.592

0.22

NW

-SE

x 0.

18

x 0.

13M

id b

row

nish

ora

nge

firm

sand

y sil

t. Tr

unca

ted

by

stak

ehol

e C

.590

, ove

r C.6

03 in

pos

tpip

e C

.592

.N

one

SS17

8

587

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le? X

? X

?C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th. B

ase

flat.

Fill

not r

ecor

ded.

Cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

72



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

588

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le? X

? X

?C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se c

onca

ve. F

ill n

ot re

cord

ed. C

ut in

to

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

589

66C

ut o

f sta

keho

le? X

? X

?C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th. B

ase

con-

cave

. Fill

not

reco

rded

. Cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

590

65C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.591

0.13

N-S

x 0

.13

x 0.

15Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

ver

tical

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

is a

tape

red

blun

t poi

nt. F

illed

with

C

.591

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

591

65Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.590

0.13

N-S

x 0

.13

x 0.

15M

id y

ello

wish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut C

.590

.N

one

Non

e

592

65C

ut o

f pos

tpip

e in

pos

thol

e C

.594

0.27

NW

-SE

x 0.

18

x 0.

2Su

b-re

ctan

gula

r cut

with

squa

re c

orne

rs. S

harp

br

eak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

. Sid

es v

ertic

al a

nd

smoo

th a

t NW

and

SE,

stee

p an

d un

derc

ut a

t NE

and

vert

ical

and

step

ped

at S

EW. B

ase

flat.

Fille

d w

ith C

.586

and

603

, pac

ked

in p

lace

by

C.5

93 in

po

stho

le C

594

N/A

N/A

593

65Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.594

0.47

NW

-SE

x 0.

4 x

0.2

Mid

gre

yish

yel

low

firm

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

sub-

roun

ded

coar

se p

ebbl

es, f

requ

ent a

ngul

ar m

ediu

m

stone

s. Fr

eque

nt fl

ecks

of c

harc

oal.

Fill

of p

osth

ole

C.5

94, p

acks

pos

tpip

e cu

t C.5

92 a

nd fi

lls C

.586

an

d 60

3 in

pla

ce.

Non

eN

one

594

65C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

47 N

W-S

E x

0.4

x 0.

2Su

b-sq

uare

cut

with

squa

re c

orne

rs. S

harp

bre

ak o

f slo

pe to

p. S

ides

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

at N

W, v

ertic

al

and

smoo

th e

lsew

here

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

con

cave

. Cut

of p

osth

ole,

fille

d w

ith C

.593

w

hich

pac

ks p

ostp

ipe

cut C

.592

and

fills

C.5

86 a

nd

603

in p

lace

.

N/A

N/A

597

65Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.????

0.25

NE-

SW x

0.2

x

0.03

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n ve

ry so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Fre

quen

t fle

cks a

nd o

ccas

iona

l sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Un-

der t

opso

il, o

ver C

.598

.

Non

eSS

176

598

65Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.????

0.27

NW

-SE

x 0.

06

x ?

Mid

yel

low

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Und

er C

.597

, ov

er C

.599

.N

one

Non

e

73



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

599

65Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.????

0.14

E-W

x 0

.13

x 0.

04M

id b

row

nish

red

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.598

, ove

r C.6

10.

Non

eN

one

600

55C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

3 N

-S x

0.2

9 x

0.1

Circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Brea

k of

slop

e to

p sh

arp

at N

W a

nd S

W, g

radu

al a

t NE

and

SE. S

ides

ge

ntle

and

smoo

th a

t SE,

mod

erat

e an

d st

eppe

d at

NW

, gen

tle a

nd sm

ooth

at N

E an

d ve

rtic

al a

nd

smoo

th a

t SW

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

fla

t. Fi

lled

with

C.6

01 a

nd 6

02, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

601

55Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.600

0.3

N-S

x 0

.29

x 0.

03M

id re

ddish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. Fr

eque

nt fi

ne su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.6

02.

Non

eN

one

602

55Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.600

0.28

N-S

x 0

.28

x 0.

07M

id re

ddish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. Fr

eque

nt fi

ne

and

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Und

er C

.601

in

post

hole

cut

C.6

02.

Non

eN

one

603

65Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.592

0.22

NW

-SE

x 0.

18

x 0.

07M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.5

86 p

ostp

ipe

fill,

in p

ostp

ipe

cut C

.592

in p

osth

ole

C.5

94.

Non

eN

one

604

55Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.605

0.36

NW

-SE

x 0.

22x

0.16

Mid

gre

yish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. Su

b-an

gula

r oc-

casio

nal c

oars

e pe

bble

s and

mod

erat

e sm

all a

nd m

e-di

um st

ones

. Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er

tops

oil,

in p

osth

ole

cut C

.605

.

Non

eN

one

605

55C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

36 N

W-S

E x

0.22

x 0.

16Ir

regu

lar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. G

radu

al b

reak

of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se a

t SE,

shar

p el

sew

here

. Sid

es

stee

p an

d irr

egul

ar a

t NE

and

SW, g

entle

and

irre

g-ul

ar a

t SE,

stee

p an

d co

ncav

e at

NW

. Bas

e co

ncav

e.

Fille

d w

ith C

.604

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

606

55Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.607

0.8

N-S

x 0

.8 x

0.1

4M

id b

row

nish

bla

ck so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

sub-

roun

ded

med

ium

peb

bles

. Fre

quen

t fle

cks o

f ch

arco

al. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut C

.607

.

Non

eN

one

607

55C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.606

0.8

N-S

x 0

.8 x

0.1

4C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th. B

ase

con-

cave

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.606

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

608

55Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.609

0.2

NE-

SW x

0.15

x

0.07

Dar

k br

own

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

fine

and

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

cut

C

.608

.

Non

eN

one

74



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

609

55C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.608

0.2

NE-

SW x

0.15

x

0.07

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of

slope

top.

Sid

es m

oder

ate

and

conc

ave.

Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual a

t NE,

shar

p el

sew

here

. Bas

e co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C.6

08, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

610

65Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.????

0.1

N-S

x 0

.05

x 0.

03M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal f

ine

pebb

les.

Und

er C

.599

, ove

r C.6

12.

Non

eN

one

611

78Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.567

0.28

N-S

x 0

.28

x 0.

17M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e ch

ar-

coal

flec

ks. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut C

.567

.N

one

Non

e

612

65Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.????

? X ?

X ?

Mid

bro

wn

very

soft

clay

ey si

lt. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f ch

arco

al. U

nder

C.6

10, o

ver C

.619

.N

one

Non

e

613

55Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.614

0.18

NW

-SE

x 0.

12

x 0.

07So

ft sil

ty c

lay

with

mod

erat

e fin

e su

b-ro

unde

d pe

b-bl

es. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut C

.614

.N

one

Non

e

614

55C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.613

0.18

NW

-SE

x 0.

12

x 0.

07Ir

regu

lar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

irre

gula

r. Br

eak

of sl

ope

base

gr

adua

l. Ba

se u

ndul

atin

g. F

illed

with

C.6

13, c

ut

into

subs

oil

N/A

N/A

615

67Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.616

0.26

E-W

x 0

.24

x 0.

1M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n fir

m si

lty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

d m

ediu

m su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les.

Mod

erat

e fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut

C.6

16.

Non

eN

one

616

67C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.615

0.26

E-W

x 0

.24

x 0.

1C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

gen

tle a

nd sm

ooth

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

con

cave

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.,615

, cut

into

su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

617

90Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

181.

13 N

E-SW

x 0

.88

x 0.

33M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Occ

asio

nal

sub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d m

ediu

m a

nd c

oars

e pe

bble

s, an

d m

ediu

m st

ones

. Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of

char

coal

, occ

asio

nal p

iece

s of r

otte

n sto

ne. U

nder

to

psoi

l, in

pit

cut C

.618

.

Non

eSS

179

618

90C

ut o

f pit,

fill

C.6

171.

13 N

E-SW

x 0

.88

x 0.

33Su

b-re

ctan

gula

r cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top,

side

s ver

tical

and

smoo

th a

t N,

mod

erat

e an

d sm

ooth

at S

, mod

erat

e an

d st

eppe

d at

E, m

oder

ate

and

conc

ave

at W

. Gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase.

Bas

e co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C.6

17, c

ut in

to

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

75



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

619

65Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.????

0.19

N-S

x 0

.1 x

?M

id re

ddish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f bu

rnt s

oil.

Und

er C

.612

, ove

r C.6

37.

Non

eSS

180

620

31Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.621

0.25

NE-

SW x

0.2

x

0.06

Mid

pin

kish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks

of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

cut

C.6

21.

Non

eN

one

621

31C

ut o

f pos

thol

e fil

l C.6

200.

25 N

E-SW

x 0

.2

x 0.

06Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. G

radu

al

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se. S

ides

gen

tle a

nd ir

-re

gula

r. Ba

se c

onca

ve. F

illed

with

C.6

20, c

ut in

to

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

622

30Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.623

0.08

N-S

x 0

.05

x 0.

09M

id b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay

with

occ

asio

nal c

harc

oal

fleck

s. U

nder

tops

oil i

n cu

t C.6

23.

Non

eN

one

623

30C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.622

0.08

N-S

x 0

.05

x 0.

09O

val c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Br

eak

of sl

ope

top

grad

ual

at S

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Sid

es v

ertic

al. B

reak

of s

lope

ba

se sh

arp.

Bas

e is

a ta

pere

d po

int.

Fille

d w

ith

C.6

22, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

624

30Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.625

0.1

NE-

SW x

0.0

8 x

0.14

Mid

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

r-co

al. U

nder

tops

oil,

in c

ut C

.625

. N

one

Non

e

625

30C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.624

0.1

NE-

SW x

0.0

8 x

0.14

Sub-

circ

ular

cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Brea

k of

slo

pe to

p gr

adua

l at S

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Sid

es v

erti-

cal.

Brea

k of

slop

e ba

se sh

arp.

Bas

e is

a ta

pere

d po

int.

Fille

d w

ith C

.624

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

626

18Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

280.

53 N

W-S

E x

0.38

x

0.15

Mid

pin

kish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

me-

dium

and

coa

rse

angu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r peb

bles

. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.6

27.

Non

eN

one

627

18Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

280.

3 N

W-S

E x

0.1

x 0.

1Li

ght g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e fin

e an

gula

r and

sub-

angu

lar

pebb

les.

Und

er C

.626

in

cut C

.628

.

Non

eN

one

628

18C

ut o

f pit

0.53

NW

-SE

x 0.

38

x 0.

15Su

b-ci

rcul

ar c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

gen

tle a

nd c

onca

ve. B

reak

of

slope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se c

onca

ve. F

illed

with

C.6

26

and

627,

cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

629

18/3

0Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.634

0.22

N-S

x 0

.12

x 0.

2M

id b

row

n ve

ry so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Und

er to

psoi

l, fil

l of

post

pipe

C.6

34 in

pos

thol

e C

.631

.N

one

Non

e

76



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

630

18/3

0Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.631

0.3

N-S

x 0

.26

x 0.

22M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Freq

uent

sub-

angu

lar m

ediu

m p

acki

ng st

ones

. Fill

of p

osth

ole

C.6

31, p

acks

pos

tpip

e cu

t C.6

34 w

ith fi

ll C

.629

in

plac

e.

Non

eN

one

631

18/3

0C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

31 N

W-S

E x

0.26

x

0.22

Ova

l cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top.

Sid

es v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

. Bas

e co

ncav

e. C

ut o

f po

stho

le fi

lled

with

C.6

30 w

hich

pac

ks p

ostp

ipe

cut

C.6

34 w

ith fi

ll C

.629

in p

lace

.

N/A

N/A

632

30Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.633

0.38

N-S

x 0

.22

x 0.

28M

id g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Sub-

roun

ded

mod

erat

e m

ediu

m a

nd o

ccas

iona

l coa

rse

pebb

les.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

pos

thol

e cu

t C.6

32.

Non

eN

one

633

30C

ut o

f pos

thol

e, fi

ll C

.632

0.38

N-S

x 0

.22

x 0.

28O

val c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. G

radu

al b

reak

of

slope

top

at S

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Sid

es v

ertic

al a

nd

smoo

th a

t N, s

teep

and

smoo

th a

t E a

nd W

, gen

tle

and

conc

ave

at S

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

is im

perc

ep-

tible

at S

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Bas

e is

a ta

pere

d po

int.

Fille

d w

ith C

.632

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

634

18/3

0C

ut o

f pos

tpip

e in

pos

thol

e C

.631

0.22

N-S

x 0

.12

x 0.

2O

val c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slo

pe to

p an

d ba

se. S

ides

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

. Bas

e is

a ta

pere

d bl

unt p

oint

. Cut

of p

ostp

ipe

fille

d w

ith

C.6

29, p

acke

d in

pla

ce b

y C

.630

in p

osth

ole

C.6

31.

N/A

N/A

635

66/7

8Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.636

0.6

E-W

x 0

.58

x 0.

3D

ark

brow

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Freq

uent

fine

and

me-

dium

ang

ular

and

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es. M

oder

ate

fleck

s and

occ

asio

nal s

mal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. Pa

cks

post

pipe

C.5

57, w

ith fi

ll C

.556

in p

lace

in p

osth

ole

C.6

36.

Non

eN

one

636

66/7

8C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

6 E-

W x

0.5

8 x

0.3

Circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe

top

at E

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Sid

es st

eep

and

smoo

th

at W

and

S, g

entle

and

step

ped

at S

W, s

teep

and

st

eppe

d at

N. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l at N

and

E,

shar

p at

S a

nd W

. Bas

e co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C

.635

, whi

ch p

acks

pos

tpip

e cu

t C.5

57 w

ith fi

ll C

.556

in p

lace

.

N/A

N/A

637

65Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.????

0.15

NE-

SW x

0.1

x

0.1

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n ve

ry so

ft cl

ayey

silt.

Mod

er-

ate

fleck

s of b

urnt

soil.

Und

er C

.619

, ove

r C.??

? In

post

hole

C.??

?

Non

eSS

181

77



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

638

30Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

400.

38 N

W-S

E x

0.32

x

0.3

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. Su

b-ro

unde

d oc

casio

nal c

oars

e pe

bble

s, m

oder

ate

smal

l and

me-

dium

ston

es. M

oder

ate

fleck

s and

occ

asio

nal s

mal

l pi

eces

of c

harc

oal.

Abu

ttin

g C

.639

, in

cut C

.640

.

Non

eN

one

639

30Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

400.

44 N

E-SW

x 0

.32

x 0.

3Li

ght g

reyi

sh b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Occ

asio

nal

med

ium

sub-

roun

ded

pebb

les a

nd sm

all s

tone

s. M

oder

ate

coar

se su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

peb-

bles

. Occ

asio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, ab

uttin

g C

.638

in p

it cu

t C.6

40

Non

eN

one

640

30C

ut o

f pit

0.81

NW

-SE

x 0.

32

x 0.

3Su

b-re

ctan

gula

r cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se is

shar

p. S

ides

are

stee

p an

d sm

ooth

at N

E, v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at S

E an

d SW

, ve

rtic

al a

nd u

nder

cut a

t NW

. Bas

e is

conc

ave.

Fill

ed

with

C.6

38 a

nd 6

39.

N/A

N/A

641

83C

ut o

f pit,

fill

C.6

421.

16 N

-S x

0.8

3 x

0.14

Ova

l cut

with

roun

ded

corn

ers.

Shar

p br

eak

of sl

ope

top

at E

, gra

dual

else

whe

re. S

ides

gen

tle a

nd sm

ooth

at

N a

nd W

, mod

erat

e an

d sm

ooth

at S

, ver

tical

an

d sm

ooth

at E

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

co

ncav

e. F

illed

with

C.6

42, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

642

83Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

411.

16 N

-S x

0.8

3 x

0.14

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

very

soft

silt.

Occ

asio

nal s

ub-

angu

lar a

nd su

b-ro

unde

d m

ediu

m st

oner

s. Fr

eque

nt

smal

l and

mod

erat

e m

ediu

m p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

pit

cut C

.641

.

Non

eSS

181

643

93Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

460.

85 E

-W x

0.5

2 x

0.07

Dar

k br

owni

sh b

lack

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

me-

dium

and

occ

asio

nal c

oars

e su

b-ro

unde

d pe

bble

s. M

oder

ate

fleck

s and

smal

l pie

ces,

occa

siona

l me-

dium

pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.6

44.

Non

eSS

182

644

93Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

460.

85 E

-W x

0.5

2 x

0.1

Mid

redd

ish b

row

n st

iff c

laye

y sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l su

b-ro

unde

d co

arse

peb

bles

. Fre

quen

t fle

cks a

nd

occa

siona

l sm

all p

iece

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er C

.643

, ov

er C

.645

.

Non

eN

one

645

93Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

460.

85 E

-W x

0.5

2 x

0.08

Mid

yel

low

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e m

ediu

m a

nd o

ccas

iona

l coa

rse

sub-

roun

ded

peb-

bles

. Mod

erat

e fle

cks a

nd o

ccas

iona

l sm

all p

iece

s of

char

coal

. Und

er C

.644

in c

ut C

.646

.

Non

eN

one

78



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

646

93C

ut o

f pit

0.85

E-W

x 0

.52

x 0.

24O

val c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Br

eak

of sl

ope

top

and

base

gra

dual

at N

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Sid

es st

eep

and

smoo

th a

t N, v

ertic

al a

nd sm

ooth

at S

, E a

nd

W. B

ase

flat.

Fille

d w

ith C

.643

, 644

, and

645

, cut

in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

648

80Fi

ll of

pit

C.6

490.

66 N

-S x

0.6

6 x

0.25

Mid

ora

ngish

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. Fr

eque

nt a

n-gu

lar a

nd su

b-an

gula

r fin

e an

d m

ediu

m p

ebbl

es,

mod

erat

e sm

all s

ub-a

ngul

ar st

ones

. Mod

erat

e fle

cks

and

smal

l pie

ces o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

C.6

47, i

n pi

t cu

t C.6

49.

Non

eN

one

649

80C

ut o

f pit

0.66

N-S

x 0

.66

x 0.

25C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. G

radu

al b

reak

of

slope

top

at N

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Sid

es m

oder

ate

and

conc

ave.

Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Base

con

cave

. Fi

lled

with

C.6

47 a

nd 6

48, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

650

81Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.651

0.1

NW

-SE

x 0.

07

x 0.

16M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e pe

b-bl

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil i

n st

akeh

ole

cut C

.651

.

Non

eN

one

651

81C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.650

0.1

NW

-SE

x 0.

07

x 0.

16O

val c

ut w

ith ro

und

corn

ers.

Brea

k of

slop

e to

p sh

arp

at S

and

W, g

radu

al a

t N a

nd E

. Sid

es v

erti-

cal.

Brea

k of

slop

e ba

se sh

arp.

Bas

e is

a ta

pere

d po

int.

Fille

d w

ith C

.650

, cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

652

81Fi

ll of

stak

ehol

e C

.653

0.09

N-S

x 0

.09

x 0.

21M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e pe

b-bl

es. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil i

n st

akeh

ole

cut C

.653

.

Non

eN

one

653

81C

ut o

f sta

keho

le, f

ill C

.652

0.09

N-S

x 0

.09

x 0.

21C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. G

radu

al b

reak

of s

lope

to

p. S

ides

ver

tical

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

shar

p. B

ase

is a

tape

red

poin

t. Fi

lled

with

C.6

52, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

654

78Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.661

0.25

N-S

x 0

.25

x 0.

08M

id b

row

n so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r an

d su

b-ro

unde

d fin

e pe

bble

s. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of

char

coal

and

bur

nt c

lay.

Und

er to

psoi

l, ov

er C

.655

.

03E1

033:

654:

1 fli

ntSS

184

655

78Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.661

0.44

NE-

SW x

0.4

x

0.1

Mid

bro

wn

soft

silty

cla

y. M

oder

ate

sub-

angu

lar

and

sub-

roun

ded

fine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

. Oc-

casio

nal s

ub-a

ngul

ar sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m st

ones

. M

oder

ate

fleck

s of c

harc

oal a

nd o

ccas

iona

l sm

all

piec

es o

f bur

nt c

lay.

Und

er C

.654

, ove

r C.6

56.

Non

eN

one

79



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

656

78Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.661

? X ?

X ?

Mid

bro

wni

sh re

d so

ft sil

ty c

lay.

Mod

erat

e su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

fine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l and

bur

nt c

lay.

Und

er

C.6

55, i

n po

stho

le c

ut C

.661

.

Non

eSS

187

657

78Fi

ll of

pos

tpip

e C

.658

0.21

E-W

x 0

.17

x 0.

11M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l fin

e su

b-ro

unde

d an

d co

arse

sub-

angu

lar p

ebbl

es, o

ccas

iona

l su

b-an

gula

r and

sub-

roun

ded

smal

l sto

nes.

Occ

a-sio

nal f

leck

s of c

harc

oal.

Und

er to

psoi

l, in

pos

tpip

e cu

t C.6

58, i

n po

stho

le C

.660

.

Non

eSS

185

658

78C

ut o

f pos

tpip

e in

pos

thol

e C

.660

0.21

E-W

x 0

.17

x 0.

11O

val c

ut w

ith ro

unde

d co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p an

d ba

se. S

ides

ver

tical

and

smoo

th o

n N

, E

and

W, v

ertic

al a

nd ir

regu

lar a

t S. B

ase

flat.

Cut

of

post

pipe

, fill

ed w

ith C

.657

, pac

ked

in p

lace

with

C

.659

in p

osth

ole

C.6

60.

N/A

N/A

659

78Fi

ll of

pos

thol

e C

.660

0.45

N-S

x 0

.44

x 0.

17M

id o

rang

ish b

row

n so

ft sil

t. O

ccas

iona

l sub

-ro

unde

d fin

e pe

bble

s, oc

casio

nal s

ub-a

ngul

ar a

nd

sub-

roun

ded

med

ium

peb

bles

, sm

all a

nd m

ediu

m

stone

s. O

ccas

iona

l fle

cks o

f cha

rcoa

l. Fi

ll of

pos

t-ho

le C

.660

, pac

ks p

ostp

ipe

cut C

.658

and

fill

657

in p

lace

.

Non

eSS

186

660

78C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

45 N

-S x

0.4

4 x

0.17

Circ

ular

cut

with

no

corn

ers.

Gra

dual

bre

ak o

f slo

pe

top

at E

, sha

rp e

lsew

here

. Sid

es g

entle

and

smoo

th

at N

and

E, g

entle

and

con

cave

at S

, ver

tical

and

sm

ooth

at W

. Bre

ak o

f slo

pe b

ase

grad

ual.

Cut

of

post

hole

fille

d w

ith C

.659

whi

ch p

acks

pos

tpip

e cu

t C

.658

and

fill

657

in p

lace

. Cut

into

subs

oil.

N/A

N/A

661

78C

ut o

f pos

thol

e0.

52 N

E-SW

x 0

.48

x .0

.2C

ircul

ar c

ut w

ith n

o co

rner

s. Sh

arp

brea

k of

slop

e to

p. S

ides

stee

p an

d co

ncav

e. B

reak

of s

lope

bas

e gr

adua

l. Ba

se is

flat

. Fill

ed w

ith C

.654

, 655

and

65

6, c

ut in

to su

bsoi

l.

N/A

N/A

662

65Po

stpi

pe fi

ll66

365

Post

pipe

cut

664

65Po

stho

le fi

ll66

565

Post

hole

cut

80



Con

text

Num

ber

Grid

Type

Dim

ensio

ns (l

xbxd

) in

met

res

Des

crip

tion

Find

sEn

viro

nmen

tal

sam

ples

647?

?80

Fill

of p

it C

.649

0.29

E-W

x 0

.25

x 0.

15D

ark

grey

ish b

lack

soft

silty

cla

y. A

ngul

ar a

nd

sub-

angu

lar f

requ

ent f

ine

and

med

ium

peb

bles

and

m

oder

ate

smal

l sto

nes.

Freq

uent

flec

ks a

nd sm

all

piec

es o

f cha

rcoa

l. U

nder

tops

oil,

over

C.6

48.

Non

eSS

183

XX

XX

= sa

me

num

ber u

sed

twic

eC

F w

ith fi

nds r

eg a

nd sa

mpl

es re

gR

ed le

tter

s/num

bers

mea

n I w

as n

ot c

erta

in, w

ill

need

to b

e ch

ecke

d on

pla

ns e

tc. S

ome

boxe

s also

ha

ve c

omm

ents

whi

ch n

eed

to b

e ch

ecke

d. A

D

5/5/

05N

=Nor

th, S

=Sou

th, E

=Eas

t and

W=W

est

SS=S

oil S

ampl

e. C

S=C

harc

oal S

ampl

e.Fi

ll of

wes

t ditc

h’ in

col

umn

C w

ill n

eed

cont

ext

num

ber

Is C

.479

a p

it or

a p

osth

ole?

Cha

nge

for f

ills a

nd c

utA

ine

mak

e su

re p

its a

nd p

its a

nd p

osth

oles

are

po

stho

les

Fill

of p

ostp

ipe

C.??

??’ A

ssig

n co

ntex

t num

ber??

Entr

y no

s 367

-625

Des

crip

tion

take

n fr

om c

on-

text

boo

k on

ly

81



10.2 Finds Register

Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 4 03E1033:4:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 261 03E1033:261:1 Stone03E1033 261 03E1033:261:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 261 03E1033:261:3 Ceramic Body03E1033 261 03E1033:261:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 261 03E1033:261:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 317 03E1033:317:1 Bone03E1033 375 03E1033:375:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:2 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 375 03E1033:375:3 Ceramic Base03E1033 375 03E1033:375:4 Ceramic Base03E1033 375 03E1033:375:5 Ceramic Base03E1033 375 03E1033:375:6 Ceramic Base03E1033 375 03E1033:375:7 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 375 03E1033:375:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:9 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:17 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:18 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:21 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:22 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:23 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:24 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:25 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:26 Ceramic Body03E1033 375 03E1033:375:27 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:375:28 Ceramic Rim03E1033 395 03E1033:395:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:3 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:9 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:17 Ceramic Body

82



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 395 03E1033:395:18 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:21 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:22 Ceramic Body03E1033 395 03E1033:395:23 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 399 03E1033:399:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:2 Ceramic Rim03E1033 399 03E1033:399:3 Ceramic Shoulder03E1033 399 03E1033:399:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:9 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:17 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:18 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:21 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:22 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:23 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:24 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:25 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:26 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:27 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:28 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:29 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:30 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:31 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:32 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:33 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:34 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:35 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:36 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:37 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:38 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:39 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:40 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:41 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:42 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:43 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:44 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:45 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:46 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:47 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:48 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:49 Ceramic Body

83



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 399 03E1033:399:50 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:51 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:52 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:53 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:54 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:55 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:56 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:57 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:58 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:59 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:60 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:61 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:62 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:63 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:64 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:65 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:66 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:67 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:68 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:69 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:70 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:71 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:72 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:73 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:74 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:75 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:76 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:77 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:78 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:79 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:80 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:81 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:82 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:83 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:84 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:85 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:86 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:87 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:88 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:89 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:90 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:91 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:92 Ceramic Rim03E1033 399 03E1033:399:93 Ceramic Rim03E1033 399 03E1033:399:94 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:95 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:96 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:97 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:98 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:100 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:99 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:101 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:102 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:103 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:104 Ceramic Body

84



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 399 03E1033:399:105 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:106 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:107 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:108 Ceramic Rim03E1033 399 03E1033:399:109 Ceramic Rim03E1033 399 03E1033:399:110 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:111 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:190 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:191 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:192 Ceramic Rim03E1033 399 03E1033:399:112 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:113 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:114 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:115 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:116 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:117 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:118 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:119 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:120 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:121 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:122 Ceramic Shoulder03E1033 399 03E1033:399:123 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:124 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:125 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:126 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:127 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:128 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:129 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:130 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:131 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:132 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:133 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:134 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:135 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:136 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:137 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:138 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:139 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:140 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:141 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:142 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:143 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:144 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:145 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:146 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:147 Ceramic Base03E1033 399 03E1033:399:148 Ceramic Base03E1033 399 03E1033:399:149 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:150 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:151 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:152 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:153 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:154 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:155 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:156 Ceramic Body

85



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 399 03E1033:399:157 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:158 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:159 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:160 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:161 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:162 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:163 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:164 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:165 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:166 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:167 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:168 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:169 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:170 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:171 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:172 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:173 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:174 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:175 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:176 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:177 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:178 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:179 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:189 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 399 03E1033:399:180 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:181 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:182 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:183 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:184 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:185 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:186 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:187 Ceramic Body03E1033 399 03E1033:399:188 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:1 Ceramic Base03E1033 402 03E1033:402:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:3 Ceramic Rim03E1033 402 03E1033:402:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:6 Ceramic Rim03E1033 402 03E1033:402:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:9 Ceramic Rim03E1033 402 03E1033:402:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:17 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:18 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:21 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:22 Ceramic Body

86



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 402 03E1033:402:23 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:24 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:25 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:26 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:27 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:28 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:29 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:30 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:31 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:32 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:33 Ceramic Body03E1033 402 03E1033:402:34 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 404 03E1033:404:1 Mod. Ceramic Brick03E1033 404 03E1033:404:2 Mod. Ceramic White china03E1033 404 03E1033:404:3 Mod. Ceramic Clay pipe stem03E1033 413 03E1033:413:1 Ceramic Rim03E1033 413 03E1033:413:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:3 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:8 Ceramic Rim03E1033 419 03E1033:419:9 Ceramic Rim03E1033 419 03E1033:419:10 Ceramic Rim03E1033 419 03E1033:419:11 Ceramic Rim03E1033 419 03E1033:419:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:17 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:18 Ceramic Rim03E1033 419 03E1033:419:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 419 03E1033:419:21 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:3 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:9 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:17 Ceramic Body

87



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 420 03E1033:420:18 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 420 03E1033:420:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:44 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:3 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:9 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:17 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:18 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:21 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 425 03E1033:425:22 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:23 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:24 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:25 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:26 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:27 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:28 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:29 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:30 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:31 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:32 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:33 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:34 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:35 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:36 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:37 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:38 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:39 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:40 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:41 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:42 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:43 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:45 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:46 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:47 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:48 Ceramic Base03E1033 425 03E1033:425:49 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:50 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:51 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:52 Ceramic Body

88



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 425 03E1033:425:53 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:54 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:55 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:56 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:57 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:58 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:59 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:60 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:61 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:62 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:63 Ceramic Base03E1033 425 03E1033:425:64 Ceramic Base03E1033 425 03E1033:425:65 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:66 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:67 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:68 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:69 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:70 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:71 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:72 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:73 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:74 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:75 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:76 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:77 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:78 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:79 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:80 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:81 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:82 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:83 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:84 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:85 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:86 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:87 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:88 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:89 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:90 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:91 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:92 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:93 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:94 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:95 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:96 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:97 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:98 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:100 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:101 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 425 03E1033:425:99 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:102 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:103 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:104 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:105 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:106 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:107 Ceramic Body

89



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 425 03E1033:425:108 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:109 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:110 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:111 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:112 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:113 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:114 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:115 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:116 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:117 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:118 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:119 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:120 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:121 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:122 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:123 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:124 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:125 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:126 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:127 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:128 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:129 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:130 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:131 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:132 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:133 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:134 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:135 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:136 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:137 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:138 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:139 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:140 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:141 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:142 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:143 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:144 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:145 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:146 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:147 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 425 03E1033:425:148 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:149 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:150 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:151 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:152 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:153 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:154 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:155 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:156 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:157 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:158 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:159 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 425 03E1033:425:160 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:161 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:162 Ceramic Body

90



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 425 03E1033:425:163 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:164 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:165 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:166 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:167 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:168 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:169 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:170 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:171 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:172 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:173 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 425 03E1033:425:174 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:175 Ceramic Rim?03E1033 425 03E1033:425:176 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:177 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:178 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:179 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:180 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:181 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:182 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:183 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:184 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:185 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:186 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:187 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:188 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:189 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:190 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:191 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:192 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:193 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:194 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:195 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:196 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:197 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:198 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:199 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:200 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:201 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:202 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:203 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:204 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:205 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:206 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:207 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:208 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:209 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:210 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:211 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:212 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:213 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:214 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:215 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:216 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:217 Ceramic Body

91



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 425 03E1033:425:218 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:219 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:220 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:221 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:222 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:223 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:224 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 425 03E1033:425:225 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:226 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:227 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:228 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:229 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:230 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:231 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:232 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:233 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:234 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:235 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:236 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:237 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:238 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:239 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:240 Ceramic Shoulder03E1033 425 03E1033:425:241 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:242 Ceramic Shoulder03E1033 425 03E1033:425:243 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:244 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:245 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:246 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:247 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:248 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:249 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:250 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:251 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:252 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:253 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:254 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:255 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:256 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:257 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:258 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:259 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:260 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 425 03E1033:425:261 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:262 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:263 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:264 Ceramic Rim03E1033 425 03E1033:425:265 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:266 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:267 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:268 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:269 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:270 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:271 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:272 Ceramic Body

92



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 425 03E1033:425:273 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:274 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:275 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:276 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:277 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:278 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:279 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:280 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:281 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:282 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:283 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:284 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:285 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:286 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:287 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:288 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:289 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:290 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:293 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:291 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:294 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:292 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:295 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:296 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:297 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:298 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:299 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:300 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:301 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:302 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:303 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:304 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:305 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:306 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:307 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:308 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:309 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:310 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:311 Ceramic Body03E1033 425 03E1033:425:312 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 431 03E1033:431:1 Ceramic Base03E1033 431 03E1033:431:2 Ceramic Base03E1033 431 03E1033:431:3 Ceramic Rim03E1033 431 03E1033:431:4 Ceramic Rim03E1033 431 03E1033:431:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:9 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:15 Ceramic Body

93



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 431 03E1033:431:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:17 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:18 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:21 Ceramic Body03E1033 431 03E1033:431:22 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 436 03E1033:436:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 436 03E1033:436:3 Ceramic Body03E1033 436 03E1033:436:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 436 03E1033:436:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 436 03E1033:436:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 436 03E1033:436:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 436 03E1033:436:8 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 436 03E1033:436:1 Flint Arrowhead03E1033 444 03E1033:444:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 444 03E1033:444:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 444 03E1033:444:3 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:1 Ceramic Rim03E1033 449 03E1033:449:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:3 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:9 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:17 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:18 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:21 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:22 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:23 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:24 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:25 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:26 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:27 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:28 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:29 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:30 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:31 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:32 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:33 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:34 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:35 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:36 Ceramic Body03E1033 449 03E1033:449:37 Ceramic Body

94



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 456 03E1033:456:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:3 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:4 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:5 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:9 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:22 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:17 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:18 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:19 Ceramic Cordoned03E1033 456 03E1033:456:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:21 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:23 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:24 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:25 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:26 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:27 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:28 Ceramic Cordoned03E1033 456 03E1033:456:29 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:30 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:31 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:32 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:40 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:40 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:40 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:33 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:34 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:35 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:36 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:37 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:38 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:39 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:40 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:41 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:42 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:43 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:44 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:45 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:46 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:47 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:55 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:56 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:48 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:49 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:50 Ceramic Body

95



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 456 03E1033:456:51 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:52 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:53 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:54 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:57 Ceramic Base03E1033 456 03E1033:456:58 Ceramic Base03E1033 456 03E1033:456:59 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:60 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:61 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:62 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:63 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:64 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:65 Ceramic Cordoned03E1033 456 03E1033:456:66 Ceramic Cordoned03E1033 456 03E1033:456:67 Ceramic Cordoned03E1033 456 03E1033:456:68 Ceramic Cordoned03E1033 456 03E1033:456:69 Ceramic Cordoned03E1033 456 03E1033:456:70 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:71 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:72 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:73 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:74 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:75 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:76 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:77 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:78 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:79 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:80 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:81 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:82 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:83 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:84 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:85 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:86 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:87 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:88 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:89 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:90 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:91 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:92 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:93 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:94 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:95 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:96 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:97 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:98 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:99 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:100 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:101 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:102 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:103 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:104 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:105 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:106 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:107 Ceramic Body

96



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 456 03E1033:456:108 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:109 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:110 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:111 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:112 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:113 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:114 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:115 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:116 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:117 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:118 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:119 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:120 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:121 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:122 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:123 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:124 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:125 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:126 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:127 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:128 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:129 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:130 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:131 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:132 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:133 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:134 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:135 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:136 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:137 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:138 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:139 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:140 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:141 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:142 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:143 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:144 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:145 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:146 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:147 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:148 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:149 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:150 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:151 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:152 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:153 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:154 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:155 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:156 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:157 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:158 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:159 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:160 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:161 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:162 Ceramic Body

97



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 456 03E1033:456:163 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:164 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:165 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:166 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:167 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:168 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:169 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:170 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:171 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:172 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:173 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:174 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:175 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:176 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:177 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:178 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:179 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:180 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:181 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:182 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:183 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:184 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:185 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:186 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:187 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:188 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:189 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:190 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:191 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:192 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:193 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:194 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:195 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:196 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:197 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:198 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:199 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:200 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:201 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:202 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:203 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:204 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:205 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:206 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:207 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:208 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:209 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:210 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:211 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:212 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:213 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:214 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:215 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:217 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:220 Ceramic Body

98



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 456 03E1033:456:221 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:222 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:224 Ceramic Base angle03E1033 456 03E1033:456:225 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:226 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:227 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:228 Ceramic Base angle03E1033 456 03E1033:456:229 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:230 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:231 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:232 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:233 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:234 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:235 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:236 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:237 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:238 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:239 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:240 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:241 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:242 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:243 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:244 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:245 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:246 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:247 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:248 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:249 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:250 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:251 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:252 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:253 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:254 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:255 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:256 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:257 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:258 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:259 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:260 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:261 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:262 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:263 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:264 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:265 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:266 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:267 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:268 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:269 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:270 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:271 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 456 03E1033:456:272 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:216 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:218 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:219 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:223 Ceramic Body

99



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 456 03E1033:456:273 Ceramic Rim03E1033 456 03E1033:456:274 Ceramic Body03E1033 456 03E1033:456:275 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:276 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:277 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:278 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:279 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 456 03E1033:456:280 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:1 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:2 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:3 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:4 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:5 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:6 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:7 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:8 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:9 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:10 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:11 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:12 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:13 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:14 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:15 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:16 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:17 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:18 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:19 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:20 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:21 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:22 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:23 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:24 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:25 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:26 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:27 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:28 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:29 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:30 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:31 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:32 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:33 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:34 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:35 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:36 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:37 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:38 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:39 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:40 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:41 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:42 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:43 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:44 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:45 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:46 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:47 Ceramic Body

100



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 460 03E1033:460:48 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:49 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:50 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:51 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:52 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:53 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:54 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:55 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:56 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:57 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:58 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:59 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:60 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:61 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:62 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:63 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:64 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:65 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:66 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:67 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:68 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:69 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:70 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:71 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:72 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:73 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:74 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:75 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:76 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:77 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:78 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:79 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 460 03E1033:460:80 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:81 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:82 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:83 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:84 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 460 03E1033:460:85 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:86 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:87 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:88 Ceramic Fragment03E1033 460 03E1033:460:89 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 460 03E1033:460:100 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:101 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:102 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:103 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:104 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:105 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:106 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:107 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:108 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 460 03E1033:460:109 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:110 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:111 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:112 Ceramic Body

101



Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 460 03E1033:460:113 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:114 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:115 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:116 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:117 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:118 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:119 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:120 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:121 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:122 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:123 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:124 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:125 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:126 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:127 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:128 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:129 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 460 03E1033:460:130 Ceramic Rim03E1033 460 03E1033:460:131 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:132 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:133 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:134 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:135 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:136 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:137 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:138 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:139 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:140 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:141 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:142 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 460 03E1033:460:143 Ceramic Rim03E1033 460 03E1033:460:144 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:145 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:146 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:147 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:148 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:149 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 460 03E1033:460:150 Ceramic Base03E1033 460 03E1033:460:151 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:152 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:153 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:154 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:155 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:156 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:157 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:158 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:159 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:160 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:161 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:162 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:163 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:164 Ceramic Base?03E1033 460 03E1033:460:165 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:166 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:167 Ceramic Fragments

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Excavation Number Context Number NMI Accession Number Material Type of Find03E1033 460 03E1033:460:168 Ceramic Rim03E1033 460 03E1033:460:169 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:170 Ceramic Rim03E1033 460 03E1033:460:171 Ceramic Base angle03E1033 460 03E1033:460:172 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:173 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:174 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:175 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:176 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:177 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:178 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:179 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:180 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:181 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:182 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:183 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:184 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:185 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:186 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:187 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:188 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:189 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:190 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:191 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:192 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:193 Ceramic Fragments03E1033 460 03E1033:460:90 Ceramic Rim03E1033 460 03E1033:460:91 Ceramic Rim03E1033 460 03E1033:460:92 Ceramic Rim03E1033 460 03E1033:460:93 Ceramic Rim03E1033 460 03E1033:460:94 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:95 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:96 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:97 Ceramic Rim03E1033 460 03E1033:460:98 Ceramic Body03E1033 460 03E1033:460:99 Ceramic Body03E1033 654 03E1033:645:1 Flint Scraper?03E1033 Stray Ceramic Fragments

Find, bag& tag numbered

923 in total

Bag and tag numbered

265 in total

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10.3 Charcoal Identification Report

Identification of wood charcoal from Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford

Identifications by Penny Johnston

Context Sample Weight Identification and no. of fragments399 127 <1g Oak (Quercus) 8 fragments and Possible oak (cf

Quercus) 9 fragments472 143 5g Oak (Quercus) 16 fragments

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10.4 Prehistoric Pottery Report

Report on the prehistoric pottery from an excavation at Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford (03E1033)

A.L. Brindley, M.A.

A collection of pottery was submitted for examination together with a copy of the finds list and a basic description of the excavated site. The pottery was found during excavations carried out by Áine Richardson on behalf of Eachtra Ltd and was examined at the request of Jacinta Kiely. The pottery was discovered in the fill of a ditch originally defining an enclosure. This ditch had been recut. Most, but not all, of the pottery was found in the fills of the recut.

The pottery was examined in Spring 2005. Please note: no part of this report may be altered with-out the written consent of the author.

Terminology and abbreviations: in this report, a crumb is any piece where the maximum surface dimension surface is less than 1.5 times the thickness, a fragment is any small piece without specific features (rim, cordon, deco ration) or is incomplete in its width. A small sherd is defi ned as either having a feature or having a maximum surface dimension of less than three times its width;

‘&’ denotes joining sherds;

r = rim, cr = cordoned sherd, bs = base sherd, (no designation is given to sherds without fea-tures).

10.4.1 The pottery

Condition of the assemblage

Apart from a small number of sherds, the pottery had been carefully cleaned and numbered. The remaining sherds had surfaces obscured by a thin layer of soil and the sherds have not been num-bered. This material is especially friable and was not examined. Some of the cleaned pottery is also friable which limited the amount of handling possible. The fabric includes large quantities of big pieces of angular stone and as a result, the edges of many pieces crumble with handling and cracks continue to open in the larger pieces. If there is a continued loss of edge, eventually pieces which now join will no longer be refit-able. Despite the condition of the sherds, many of the indi-vidual vessels are in an unusually good state of preservation, represented by many large sherds, and the limited amount of re-fitting carried out resulted in the reconstruction of large portions

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of these vessels. It is clear that, with further conservation, many of the eighteen vessels identified could be substantially reconstructed as regards height, width and capacity.

The original surface is missing from both inside and outside faces of many sherds and because of this the temper is exposed which gives the pottery a very coarse appearance. This is a condition of the circumstances of preservation and is not an original characteristic. The loss of original surface is quite substantial in some cases with more than a millimetre of surface missing. This sometimes makes the identification of sherds to individual vessels difficult. Fortunately, it is clear that only a limited number of pots are present and rim sherds can be distinguished with confidence in all but one case.

A feature of some of the identified pots is that the lower parts of the pots appear to have a rougher character than the upper parts. There are two possible explanations for this - that the pots were more highly finished towards the rim or that towards the base they were prone to wear and suf-fered more damage, ie, contact with fire which has led to a loss of the original surface. The latter is probably the more likely.

Some sherds have a charred deposit. This occurs on either the inner or the outer surface and very occasionally on the broken edges, indicating that the pottery had been in contact with fire after breakage and while still retaining traces of the original contents (ie, the vessel may have broken during cooking on direct heat).

Although the fabric is not well-preserved, substantial parts of various pots are identifiable and can be reconstructed. This level of preservation is due to the absence of plough damage to mate-rial in the fill of the ditch. It is clear from the conditions of preservation that the individual pots were not complete at the time of being discarded. The potential for refitting large portions of in-dividual vessels means that good reconstructions of this pottery is possible and, in this sense, the assemblage is unusually well-preserved.

Manufacture

The vessels were coil-built and in most cases where coil joins were found, the bonding is horizon-tal although a small number of oblique joins were also discovered. The coils are well bonded in most cases. The rims are simple, unenlarged and unaugmented. Some of the pots have cordons. These consist of a fillet of clay applied to the surface of the pot and pressed against it. In several instances, fingernail impressions are visible on the lower side of the cordon. The fillet was then pinched into shape. The pastes are tempered with angular pieces of stone, ie, deliberately crushed. This material occurs in fairly large quantities and many pots include some very large pieces of stone, ie, with visible dimensions in excess of 15 mm. The grits are not identified here.

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The most vulnerable part of the pot is the outer surface which is the result of the final finishing process or processes. An important aspect of this assemblage is that because of the large numbers of sherds which could be recognised from many of the identified vessels, some evidence of the original finish is usually preserved at some point on the vessel. The pottery was given a form of wet finish as the final stage before firing, but in a number of cases the walls of the vessel were also carefully smoothed, probably by scraping. This penultimate stage is usually masked by any final treatment (such as polishing, burnishing or wet-finishing) and it results in smooth walls of regular width. Wet finishing, whether executed after scraping or without this intermediate stage, involves wiping the vessel with a wet hand, wet rag or with water and a piece of soft leather. This results in a thin layer of fine clay being deposited on the surface of the pottery. This layer, often not thicker than a layer of paint, is very fragile and is easily destroyed. In this assemblage, traces of a thin layer of fine clay are preserved on a small number of sherds and indicate that wet finish-ing was the final level of finishing before drying and firing. The surface of the pottery in this as-semblage would originally have had a slip-like finish although the vast majority of the surviving sherds now have a very rough surface and a coarse appearance.

Sorting procedures

All the pottery was removed from its packing and laid out for sorting and examination in very good natural light. The vast majority of the sherds have been assigned to eighteen identified ves-sels. Small crumbs and fragments have not been examined and some of the uncleaned material cannot in its present state be examined. Although the general size of the vessels and the details of the shape and profile could be ascertained, because of the friable condition of much of the pottery which made handling inadvisable in advance of stabilisation, and the embargo on reconstruc-tion, no precise measurements could be recorded. Joining pieces were laid out side by side and given temporary support to enable an assessment of their shapes and dimensions to be made. Afer examination, the pottery was de-sorted and re-packed as received. Eighteen vessels can be identified on the basis of multiple rim sherds or large portions of the rims. A few sherds appear to belong to other vessels. These are not given separate descriptions. Many of the sherds of individ-ual vessels have discrete distributions. The vessels have been numbered 1-18 and are described consecutively, starting at the most northerly discovery in the east ditch (pot no. 1, squares 82, 83, and 94) and continuing around the ditch in a clockwise direction (the south portion of the ditch, including any pottery, is missing).

Cultural identification

The pottery is identified as belonging to the Cordoned Urn Tradition on the basis of the presence of cordons, large bucket- and barrel- shaped vessels, and the general characteristics of manufac-ture and fabric.

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10.4.2 Catalogue of vessels

Pot 1

Rim, base and plain and cordoned body sherds of a large, slightly barrel-shaped, vessel. The mouth is slightly closed and the rim tip is flat and oriented obliquely. There is an incipient shoul-der a short distance below the rim which is not mirrored on the inside of the vessel, and a low, applied cordon. The shoulder is approximately 2 cm below the top of the rim and the applied cor-don is approximately 12 cm below the top of the rim. The curvature of the inside face of the vessel indicates the gentle barrel shape of the vessel. The rim diameter (which is not fully regular) is 22 cm - 23 cm. The base diameter is circa 21 cm, and the wall thicknesses are 11 mm at the rim top, and 13-14 mm on the body wall. The maximum thickness of the base is at least 32 mm. The height of the vessel cannot be established at present. The fabric is dark grey/black/brown in colour with traces of a thin skin of beige coloured clay, especially preserved in the vicinity of the cordons. The paste is abundantly gritted; angular, dark coloured, medium and small sized grits are visible. Traces of the original finish appear to exist on sherds of the uppermost part of the vessel where charred material is also present in places. The walls are regular and were probably scraped after forming. The pot was probably fairly smooth originally. The original finish appears to have been a very thin wet finish. The present rough surface texture is due to the loss of the final finish. The cordon is applied and was pressed in on the lower side where slight indentations are visible in ob-lique light and smoothed upwards on the upper side. The cordons are low and not fully regular. The base is cracking concentrically rather than radially suggesting that it was made up of a central piece of clay surrounded by a second piece, rather than a single lump.

A number of large sherds have not been cleaned or treated in any way. While it is clear that these provide useful information regarding the profile and diameter of the urn, their fragile condition makes handling undesirable at present. Apart from being friable, the surfaces of these sherds are obscured by a thin deposit of soil.

The sherds include very large sherds as well as a quantity of small pieces, fragments and crumbs. At present it is possible to refit large pieces of the upper part of the vessel. The rim circumference is approximately 70 centimetres. A very large proportion of this is present in the form of either continuous rim parts or shoulder parts. It is not clear to what extent the lower part of the vessel is preserved. It is estimated that considerably less than half of the original vessel is represented by the sherds. The large size of refitting parts and the large size of individual sherds are due to the initial disposal of large portions of a broken vessel and their subsequent history well below the plough zone.

The pottery was discovered in the fill of the recut (contexts 395, 399 and 419) and under (context

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431) the recut in eastern portion of the ditch and distributed throughout squares 82, 83 and 94. All the pottery from these contexts appear to belong to this one vessel. Most of the pottery appears to have been discarded as three large pieces.

Pot 2

This vessel is represented by a single large rim sherd. It appears to be derived from a bowl with neutral mouth opening with diameter of about 22 cm. The rim tip is rounded. The exterior of the sherd is very worn and the grits are exposed. The inner face is well preserved. The bowl does not appear to have been highly finished as the surface is comparatively irregular although the wall thicknesses are fairly constant, the wall thickening below the widest point of the bowl (wall thickness ranges from 12-15 mm). The vessel is coil-built and in one place at the rim tip where the surface is missing, the coil and its smoothing over are visible. The fabric is dark brown/black with a black body. Traces of paler beige on the exterior indicate the former presence of a wet finish. The visible grits are abundant, angular, and as far as can be seen, dark grey or speckled. They vary greatly in size from large (largest visible dimension, 15 mm) to very small and are dense, irregu-larly mixed and dispersed. They protrude on the inside of the vessel where the present surface appears to be original.

Found in square 59, context 375.

2a (miscellaneous)

A small rim sherd, possibly from a similar bowl. The exterior is worn and the original surface is missing. The inner surface is well preserved and shows that the vessel was not highly finished on the inside. The rim tip is slightly rounded and is too small for reconstruction. The wall thickness is circa 10 mm. The visible grits are similar to rim sherd, pot no. 2.

Found in a fill in the recut of the ditch, context 413.

Pots 3-8

The following material occurs in a single context, 425.

Pot 3

Sherds of a thick-walled, slightly closed, bowl with a rounded rim tip. Apart from a small part of the rim, the exterior is worn and missing its original surface. The interior is better preserved although masked by a thin charred deposit. The exterior appears to have been fairly regular; the

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inside is irregular and has not been smoothed down although it has been given a light wet fin-ish. Evidence for coil building is shown by the slightly corrugated surface and by several distinct breaks which show that the coils were joined horizontally (eg 425:3). The exterior has a slightly orange, buff colour and the inside and most of the core are black. However, one small, well-preserved rim sherd (425:12) suggests that the original surface colour was brown. The grits are mixed, ranging in size from large to small and including a mixture of lithic types (at least three different types are visible to the naked eye, including several pieces of calcite) and are irregularly but quite densely dispersed in the paste.

Pot 4

Rim, body and base sherds of an open, straight-sided vessel with a mouth diameter of circa 24-25 cm. The rim top is flat and slightly obliquely orientated. Several large pieces can be refitted, including one that reaches to a distance of 11.5 cm below the rim. Much of the original surface is missing but there are traces of a thin wet finish on some sherds. The exterior is regular although not smooth. The inside face is irregular and has not been smoothed down or scraped in any way. The original surfaces appear to have been brown, the exposed exterior is a beige colour and the inside is masked in places by a thin black deposit. The original surfaces are missing and the large angular grit is well exposed in the sherd faces. However traces of what appear to be a thin charred deposit indicate places where the original surface is intact and that it was rough and irregular in texture. The gritting is irregularly dispersed and includes a large quantity of large angular pieces as well as medium to very small fragments. All the visible grits appear to be of the same type, a dark grey and white stone with occasional small crystals. The rim is represented by five large joining pieces, a pair of joining pieces and a single small sherd. Several sherds show evidence in break lines for coil building, including joining sherds 425:290 and 291. Charring runs over the edge of at least one break (sherd 425:57).

Pot 5

Two large joining segments of the rim of a bowl with a neutral mouth opening of an estimated 25 cm in diameter. The rim tip is rounded. The wall thickness are circa 11 mm. The paste has a slightly grey beige colour with a very wide dark grey/black core and abundant grits, medium and small in size, angular and well-sorted, including white quartz in small pieces are visible. The latter renders the body sherds distinguishable from other sherds from this context. The original surfaces are missing but the walls appear to have been regular. The inside was not thoroughly smoothed. Some charring is present.

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Pot 6

Cordoned vessel represented by rim and both plain and cordoned body sherds. The vessel has a vertical neck above the cordon and below the cordon has apparently a straight-sided open lower body (ie, conical, there is a slight angle between the neck and the body visible on the inside of the vessel). The mouth has a diameter of circa 25 cm. The rim tip is flat. The wall thickness is 11 mm. A low, applied cordon is present 4 cm below the top of the rim. No base sherds of this vessel have been recognised. Most of the sherds are orange/beige but where the surface is well preserved it is brown with in places a dark grey/black core. The grits are abundant, large, medium and small in size, grey in colour and angular in shape. They appear to be all of one type. The walls are regular in width and may have been scraped before being given a wet finish. The vessel is coil built with some oblique joins (425:59). The applied cordon has become detached in places and where this has happened, a band of gritty textured surface occurs.

Pot 7

Rim, body, and base sherds of a slightly curving walled bowl with a neutral mouth and a rounded rim tip. The mouth diameter is circa 16 cm. The bowl appears to bend sharply inwards and at this point the wall also thickens. The finish is uneven and calcite is present amongst the various grits. The walls are comparatively thin within the context of this assemblage, at rim top 7 mm, below bend increasing to 10 mm.

Pot 8

Sherds of the upper part of what appears to have been a tall, waisted vessel. The mouth is slightly closed and the rim face has a gently oblique orientation. The mouth diameter is circa 24 cm. The wall thickness varies but is generally between 11-13 mm. This vessel is represented by a small number of rim and body sherds including a large rim sherd which extends for a distance of 10 cm below the rim. The upper part of the vessel has a slightly globular profile and the vessel ap-pears to have been gently constricted rather than having a simple barrel profile. The visible grits are large, medium and small in size and the larger ones are speckled. The vessel appears to be slightly more massive than other vessels of similar fabric. There is extensive and significant loss of surface from some areas of the pot. The inside surface of the vessel has been smoothed.

Pot 9

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The full profile of a comparatively small, thin-walled (within the context of this assemblage) poorly preserved vessel. The vessel is barrel-shaped with a neutral mouth and a rather wide base which is not much thicker than the body walls. The absolute height is 11 cm, the basal diameter is 11 cm, and the mouth diameter is approximately 15 cm on the outside. There is extensive char-ring on some of the body sherds. This vessel is represented by rim, body and base sherds. There is considerable loss of the external face of the vessel. The current wall thickness of 7 mm is due to significant loss of surface. Although the sherds are very weathered, the base, of which somewhat more than a quarter survives, is also comparatively thin indicating that the vessel was originally thin-walled. The grits are medium to small in size and speckled in colour. All the rim sherds are very worn but the rim tip appears to have been slightly rounded. There is a deposit of charred material on the inside of the pot towards the base. Under this deposit the original surface is pre-served and is very irregular. These sherds were recovered from the primary fill of the eastern segment of the ditch.

Found in square 47, in the primary fill (Context 402) and the collapsed bank material (Context 375).

Pot 10

Two rim sherds with flat top and several body sherds. Immediately below the rim is a slight shal-low channel similar to that which occurs on the cordoned vessels nos 1 and 16. This suggests that the vessel may also have been cordoned originally. However, there is no actual proof of this. The fabric is beige and brown, with a black core and the grits are angular . The surfaces have been given a light wet finish. Wall thickness: 10 mm

Found in square 29, in material which may be bank material (Context 420).

Pot 11

Rim, body and base sherds of a large, thick-walled, straight-sided, slightly open vessel. The rim top is flat and has an external diameter of 29 cm. Two large segments of the rim can be refitted, in one case to a distance of 16 cm below the rim. The wall thickness is 15 mm. The fabric varies, the better preserved surfaces are brown to buff and a discontinuous dark grey/black core is visible. Large parts of the inside are a fairly bright orange colour with in places black smudging. There are fairly abundant, angular, large, medium and small grits, of mixed type, but mostly grey and in some cases speckled. The largest grit noted has a maximum visible dimension of 15 mm. The vessel is coil built and appears to be obliquely joined (nos 144 and 154 show oblique joins). The walls are regular but not smooth. The outside has a thin wet finish which covers but does not mask the larger grits.

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Found in square 40, Context 456. Most of the pottery from this context appears to belong to this vessel although sherds of pot no. 14 are also present.

Pot 12

This vessel is represented by a large rim sherd with a distinctive curve. The exterior is brown colour in colour. The inner face is very worn, with significant loss of surface. The paste appears to contain quite a lot of fine, sandy material as well as medium sized, rather irregularly dispersed, mixed angular lithic material, including at least one fragment of flint. The upper part of the wall is comparatively vertical before turning fairly sharply inwards about 6 cm below the mouth. The wall thicknesses vary between 9 and 11 mm.

Found in square 52, in the primary fill of ditch (context 460).

Pot 13

Small, comparatively thick-walled bowl with a neutral mouth and a rounded rim tip, represented by sherds of rim, body and base. The inner surfaces are covered with a layer of burnt material. The sherds are in poor condition and in many cases have lost a considerable amount of the outer surface. The interior is better preserved and under the obscuring deposit of charred material ap-pears not to have been fully smoothed. The exterior is orange-beige in colour and the core and the inside are dark grey/black. The amount of visible grit varies dramatically. Where there is extensive loss of surface a very distinct mixture of medium-sized dark grey and speckled stone, including angular pieces is visible. The wall thickness is 10 mm.

Distributed in squares 52 and 64 in the primary fills of the ditch (contexts 456 and 460).

Pot 14

Large, straight-sided vessel represented by multiple joining sherds of rim and body. The mouth is neutral with a diameter of circa 24 cm, the lower part of the body tapers towards the base. The base itself appears to splay very slightly (460:152). The rim is flat. The wall thickness is 10-12 mm. There is a very thin deposit of charred material on some sherds suggesting that some pieces are in good condition with original surfaces intact. The following description of the vessel is based on a large, well-preserved rim sherd (no. 460:130) with some charred material on the outside. This shows that the vessel originally had regular wall thicknesses but is rough to touch because of protruding grits, especially on the inside where abundant large pieces of stone are visible. The vessel is coil built. The slight horizontal corrugations marking the joins are visible on the inside of 460:130 and a number of sherds show evidence of having split along joints. The bonding appears

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to have been horizontal. The surface was originally smooth; the grits tend to lie flush with the pot surface but are not otherwise covered by paste. On the outside, the surface has been wiped to cover the grits and the very thin layer is still preserved. The upper part of the vessel is dark brown/black with a charred deposit. Much of the lower body is bright orange with charring on the inside in places. This part of the vessel is also thinner walled, probably as a result of consider-able loss of surface. With more work a full profile is likely.

Distributed in the primary fills in squares 52, 64 and 76, contexts 456, 460.

Pot 15

Featureless body sherds recognisable as derived from a single vessel by their distinct slightly dusty-textured, orange-beige and comparatively finely gritted paste. Wall thickness, 10 mm.

Context 460.

Pot 16

Rim, body and cordoned sherds of a large urn with a slightly closed mouth, an incipient shoulder and two, well-spaced, applied low cordons. The rim tip is flat and obliquely orientated. The incipi-ent shoulder is immediately below the rim and consists of a shallow depressed area which is not reflected on the inside of the vessel in any way.

This vessel is represented by three large joining sections of the rim and upper body, several large rim sherds, cordoned sherds and several pieces of base. The mouth has a diameter of 22 cm. Al-most immediately below the rim is a low, incipient, shoulder largely formed by a shallow groove, probably executed with a finger or thumb. The wall is slightly thicker on the lower side of this feature and this forms the shoulder (the apex of the shoulder is 2 cm below rim). The inside profile of the vessel has a smooth curve without any angle reflecting this feature. Both cordons are low and applied. The centre of the upper cordon is 6.5 cm below the tip of the rim. The second cordon is 16 cm below the rim tip. In its present condition, the upper cordon appears to be better defined than the lower cordon which appears to be broader, less regular and also less well-preserved. The height of the vessel cannot be estimated with certainty and the poor representation of the base (three fragments, one of which is quite large and preserves the external angle but no inside base surface, minimum thickness of 3 cm) means that no reliable base diameter can be established ei-ther. The base diameter may have been in the order of 13 centimetres and a height of between 30 and 40 centimetres for this vessel is probable. The wall thickness is 10 mm.

The fabric is dark brown/black with possible traces on some cordons of a beige skin which indi-cate a final wet finish on the outside of the pot. Although the pot is not heavily worn, this surface

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is largely missing. The wall thickness varies from 10 cm to 13 cm. The walls are regular and the variations in thickness relate to different parts of the vessel, ie the shoulder. In general, the walls appear to be comparatively thin for a vessel of this size. The rough surfaces of the lower body (ie, below the cordon) appear to be due to factors of preservation and are not original. The gritting is abundant, medium to small, dark-coloured stone. In general the fabric compares well with that of pot no. 1.

Parts of the vessel are well preserved but the paste is friable. No extensive refitting has been at-tempted beyond establishing the rim diameter and the position of the two cordons because of the fragility of the sherds and the number of sherds which have not been cleaned. The circumference of the rim is about 70 centimetres, of which about 54 centimetres are present.

The sherds were found scattered through a number of contexts and squares: the contexts are 436, 456, 449, 444 and 460. The vast majority of the sherds were recovered from square 76 and context 456, but joining sherds were found in the other contexts, all of which are primary fills of the west-ern part of the ditch. The squares are: 76 (contexts 444, 449, 456), 52 (context 460) and 103 (context 436).

Pot 17

A medium sized vessel (in the context of this assemblage) with a slightly closed mouth. The rim tip is flat and obliquely orientated. Immediately below the rim a discontinuous line of very shal-low thumb impressions is visible in raking light (especially visible on sherd 456:216). A second line of similar impressions occurs immediately above the external base angle. The height of the vessel has not been established although it appears that this vessel was not a large urn but may have been a shorter vessel with slightly closed mouth.

The outside of the vessel is a greyish beige with, in places, a dark grey or black core which some-times extends across the width of the sherd thickness. The upper part of the exterior is rough-textured with fine grits exposed in the surface. The lower part has a thin outer skin of clay which masks the grits. The inside is brown to dark grey in colour with a few small patches of charred matter. Larger grits are visible on the inside. The paste is abundantly gritted with a mixture of stone types which range within the context of this assemblage from medium to small in size. The fabric of this vessel is comparable to that of pots 1 and 16. Several large pieces of this vessel can be refitted but despite this precise measurements are not possible because the diameter of the vessel is distorted; the smaller lengths of rim suggest a mouth opening of possibly 26 cm, but the larg-est piece can be reconciled with a diameter of only about 20 centimetres. The base pieces are too small for accurate measurement but suggest a diameter in the region of 15 cm. The wall thickness ranges from 9 to 12 mm. The wall itself is quite regular but it is thicker in the middle section of the vessel than towards the rim or base.

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The pattern of refitted sherds point to coil building. The inside of the vessel has not been smoothed. There is a difference between the exterior finish of the upper and lower parts of the bowl. The sherds of the upper part have a rough gritty texture, the sherds of the lower part have a thin skin, probably the result of wiping this part of the vessel with a wet hand or with a wet rag. This has not been smoothed as a final stage of finishing and scratches and small trails of clay are visible on this part of the vessel. Although the regular wall thicknesses point to scraping or some form of smoothing of the coil-formed walls, the exterior is not highly finished and a number of fea-tures suggest that this pot was, in fact, not fully finished at the time it was fired. The line of shal-low thumb impressions appears to be the initial stage of the modelling of an incipient shoulder. Thumb impressions are also visible on the base angle showing where the clay had been pressed together during forming. These shallow impressions would normally be smoothed out during the finishing stage of manufacture. The irregular diameters suggest that insufficient care had been taken in the shaping of the vessel. The presence of trails in the clay surface of the outside of the vessel show that no final smoothing down of the surface had been carried out. All these aspects would have contributed to the appearance of the bowl but would not have affected the use of the vessel.

This vessel is represented by about sixty sherds, including some large pieces and sherds of rim and base as well as some small sherds, fragments and crumbs. These can be refitted to several large pieces of the rim, the mid-body (a large piece of body has a diameter of about 18 cm) and the base. The sherds are slightly friable and have a tendency to crumble when handled. In general the surfaces are well preserved although a number of base sherds are missing one or both surfaces and are recognisable due to their comparative thickness. The rim diameter could not be estab-lished with certainty but was in the region of 20 centimetres and approximately 75% of the rim is present. A smaller proportion of the base is preserved. No continuous profile has been found but with further work it may be possible to establish the actual (not estimated) height of the vessel.

The sherds were found in square 89, in the primary fill in this part of the ditch (context 456).

Pot 18

This vessel is represented by one rim sherd and several small body sherds. The rim top is flat. The sherds are worn and in poor condition. The visible grits are angular, large, medium and small. The paste is orange-buff with a grey core and black patches on the outside. The wall thickness is 10 mm.

Found in square 103, in the main fill of the recut in this area of the ditch (context 436).

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10.4.3 Discussion

The reconstructed types

This group of pottery can be considered as an assemblage of single date and cultural identity on the basis of the context (the fills of the ditch of an enclosure) in which it was found, and the range of pastes, methods of construction and finishing of the pots and the shapes of the pots them-selves.

Context

All the pottery examined was found in the fills of the ditch. While a number of the vessels had dis-crete distributions, ie were isolated, some of the pottery was found as groups of mixed sherds.

Manufacture

All the vessels have abundantly gritted pastes which included angular and therefore crushed inclusions of various lithic types. A range of different stone types was included in the pastes. Not all pastes appear to have the same mixture of inclusions. Most of the pastes included large pieces of stone as well as medium and small pieces, although several pastes appear to have included only medium and small pieces. The fabrics are chiefly dark brown or black with orange colours occurring on sherds which appear to have been in contact with heat during use rather than dur-ing firing. All the pots are hand-made, coil-built, and at least some were scraped to give a regular wall surface before the final finishing. Apart from the addition of fillets of clay to construct low applied cordons and the construction of a small shoulder by working the surface below the rim, the vessels have not been shaped by augmenting or manipulating the vessel wall or rim and are therefore simple in shape. The surfaces were given a final wet finish resulting in a thin layer of fine clay. The pottery is not decorated.

Assemblage range and function

Clay is a versatile material when used to make containers which can be made to a range of sizes, shapes capacities, finishes and decoration. This makes it an important material for analysis in archaeological contexts where it can yield information not only about such topics as the manu-facture of the pottery itself, but also about activities on the site such as for which purpose it was made (eg Juhl 1995), how it was used (eg Brindley 2003), and sometimes the prevailing tastes and attitudes towards appearance, style and ornament.

The good preservation of the Knockhouse pottery means that a range of vessels of different sizes

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and shapes can be considered in relation to their possible use and function. The shapes repre-sented are open straight-sided pots, barrel-shaped vessels, a tall waisted vessel, bowls, scoops and drinking vessels or beakers.

Storage vessels. The large urns with cordons and slightly closed mouths, (nos 1 and 16), the waisted vessel (no. 8) and the cordoned vessel with straight neck (6) are likely to have been used as stor-age vessels. Slightly closed mouths prevent the contents from spilling out and make the vessels easier to cover. Cordons and waisted profiles are aids to handling, specifically pouring contents out. The contents of the open vessel no. 6 could have been either poured out or removed with a hand or scoop.

Cooking and food preparation. These are medium-sized vessels with open mouths (nos 4, 11 and 14). The open mouths allow for access to the contents, either for stirring, mixing or dispensing. These are probably for food preparation, including cooking. The orange colour and loss of surface from these pots suggest that they were used for cooking and had been used on hearths.

Serving, communal and individual use. The smaller vessels are most likely to have been used for serving and for individual use. No. 9 with its comparatively thin walls and small scale may be a drinking vessel. Nos 3 and 13 may be scoops, and nos 2, 5, 7 and 17 may have been for shared use and serving.

Pottery vessels used in domestic contexts would have been required to fulfill all these functions.

The burnt deposits suggest that almost all, if not all, the pottery had been in contact with fire. The fact that all the pottery had suffered in this way suggests that a calamitous event had occurred, such as the burning down of a house with its contents, rather than that the pots had been dis-carded one by one as they broke. It is possible that the debris from such an event was pushed into the ditch.

Parallels

The uniquely good preservation of this assemblage means that it is not possible to point to a com-parable domestic assemblage from the bronze age, or indeed from the preceding neolithic. This is because domestic pottery of any date is largely known from collections of small rim sherds and featureless body sherds found on severely truncated settlement sites which have not been restored to assemblages of vessels of specific profiles and capacities. The better preserved funeral pottery of the period consists of individual vessels rather than suites of vessels used together and was made for a single limited function, that of a burial urn.

The open, straight-sided character of the vessels from Raheen, Co. Limerick site 2/18/2 (Gowen 1988, figs 43 and 44) and their manufacture (large grits, wet finish only apparently on the exte-rior) may be related to some of the Knockhouse pottery. The vessels are comparatively narrow in

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relation to their height, and were found in the fill of a ditch of a circular enclosure. A curious but not necessarily relevant detail of the site is that the Raheen ditch had also been recut. A fragment of a stone mould for a palstave was discovered at this site (ibid, p. 93). A sample of charcoal from feature 19 (the ditch) at Raheen produced a radiocarbon date of 3020±90 (GrN-15391). However, none of the pottery from this site appears to have had either cordons or the incipient shoulders of the Knockhouse assemblage and the absence of a range of vessel types at Raheen suggests that the value of this parallel is limited.

Dating

The salient characteristics of the assemblage are the straight-sided bucket and slightly curved bar-rel shapes, the simple flat and rounded rim top which are not expanded in any way, the applied cordons, the incipient shoulder features, the flat bases and the absence of decoration. Several of these features, notably the large size and proportions of some of the vessels and the presence of cordons indicate a connection with the Cordoned Urn Tradition. The complete absence of decora-tion and the occurence of the incipient shoulders are features which do not occur on the classical cordoned urns series as represented by the funerary pottery of the period 3440-3300 BP (probably shortly before 1700 BC to around 1600 BC) and the domestic settlements as represented by the pottery from Downpatrick, Co. Down (Pollock and Waterman 1964) and Lough Gur, Co. Limerick, site C (Ó Ríordáin 1954). In my opinion, this pottery is likely to date to after 3300 BP with a cali-brated date somewhere between 1600 and 1500.

Remarks on the implications of some of this pottery for reconstruction and recognition of less well-preserved assemblages of similar type

This assemblage is important because it includes a number of features which are difficult to rec-ognise in assemblages of small sherds, where sherds are poorly preservation and where recon-struction is not carried out.

The small incipient shoulder below the rim. Three vessels in this assemblage have features here described as incipient shoulders. In no case are these features visible on the inside of the vessel wall or are associated, and in fact are largely a thickening on the outside of the vessel. Pot 1 has a short vertical neck above a shoulder formed by the thickening of the wall on the outside of the vessel. In terms of recognition, the difference in wall thickness between the two parts of the pot could lead to the identification of two separate vessels, es-pecially where vessels either have differential preservation on the upper and lower parts or differential finishing (see below). The shoulder on pot no. 12 has been formed largely by forming a wide but very shallow groove, probably with the thumb, a short distance be-low the rim. A small section of the shoulder on pot no. 1 shows this feature as well. Small sherds could be mistaken as sherds with a groove rather than a construction element contributing largely to the incipient shoulder. Pot no. 17 was not fully finished at the time

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of firing. A large proportion of the rim and upper body are preserved and can be fitted to large pieces. These show a line of shallow thumb impressions below the rim in most but not all places. This feature appears to be the preparatory stage to the forming of a continu-ous groove or shoulder as on pots nos 1 and 12. Both nos 1 and 12 have well-finished rim tops with well defined planes in contrast to the rim of no. 11 which is not well-formed, is slightly rounded and irregular in shape.

The position of the cordons at a considerable distance below the rim. The cordons in this assemblage are small and low and are prone to damage as they are applied features rather than pinched up from the wall. After pinching up, they were given a wet-finish along with the rest of the pot surface (when both the cordon and this surface are missing, there is nothing to indicate the former presence of a cordon). Where the original surface of the pot is preserved, it is then visible as a band of rougher texture. Care needs to be taken to establish the real and imagined absence of cordons in an assemblage. The occurrence of cordons at some distance below the rim means that small rim sherds may be interpreted as representing simple vessels.

The surface finish - original and present condition. Sherds of pottery with large inclusions which are exposed in the surfaces of pots are often described as coarse and rough. In real-ity, the grits were usually masked by a thin surface of fine clay. This layer is very fragile and is the first part of the sherd to deteriorate and disappear. It may have a dusty appear-ance and is sometimes mistakenly washed away after excavation (although not here). In this assemblage, this surface has deteriorated due to local soil conditions and is missing from many parts of the vessels surfaces However, because of the large percentage of the pots that have survived, traces of this material have been found to be preserved in a few places on all the pots identified. This has two important implications for the recognition of pottery, firstly that a finish of this type was used extensively but is extremely fragile and prone to damage and secondly, that the differential preservation of the surfaces of pots can result in sherds of the same pot having remarkably different appearances as re-gards colour and texture as well as thickness. In this assemblage two bowls were identified initially as ‘X’ and ‘Y’ amongst a group of sherds. ‘X’ was represented by rim and body sherds with a lightly weathered bright beige surface and, visible in the broken sections, medium and small grey lithic inclusions. The rim top was rounded and had a thickness of 10-11 mm. ‘Y’ was identified by the bright coloured paste, and very distinctive mixture of stone types including rounded pieces of dark coloured stone and pieces of a speckled stone. The rim tip was rounded and had a thickness of 9 mm. Rim body and base sherds were recognised with this distinct temper and wall thickness. Random refitting, however, revealed joining rim sherds. The distinctive mixture of grits visible in the surfaces of the thinner sherds (‘Y’ ) is not visible in either the broken edges or the surfaces of the better preserved sherds (‘X’). Both series of sherds are derived from a single small bowl, no. 13 of this assemblage. The difficulties of recognising multiple sherds of individual vessels in

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assemblages of mixed preservation should not be underestimated and without refitting, estimates of the numbers of vessels represented are likely to be unreliable.

10.4.4 Summary and conclusions

Eighteen pots, of various types, can be identified and largely reconstructed. These vessels rep-resent the domestic assemblage of a middle bronze age domestic site, and can be identified as storage, cooking and serving vessels. The profiles and sizes of the vessels can be reconstructed as can details of their manufacture. The vessels are hand-made, coil-built vessels which were given a wet finish. Several vessels were scraped to give them smooth and regular surface before wet finishing. The rims of all the pots are simple and unaccentuated in any way. Incipient shoul-ders and small applied cordons occur on several vessels. The main forms are tall barrel shapes with slightly closed mouth, straight-sided open mouthed bowls and shorter bowls. The pottery is probably a very late variant of the cordoned urn and can probably be placed at the end of the Cordoned Urn Tradition, probably after circa 3300 BP or in terms of calendar years, after 1600 BC (Brindley forthcoming).

A.L. Brindley M.A.

April 2005

Addendum

After the pottery described above had been re-packed, a large sherd of pottery still encased in soil was submitted for examination. The sherd had maximum dimensions of 21 cm x 13 cm, a thickness of 10 mm, and the inside surface of the former vessel is blackened and partly obscured with charred material. The surface appears to be smooth. The exterior, mostly covered by soil, is paler in colour. The paste and construction are similar to that of the rest of the assemblage. The sherd is from the body of a medium-sized (within the context of this assemblage) vessel with ei-ther a slight shoulder or a marked change of direction at mid-belly. The change in angle which is reflected in the wall of the vessel is visible at the top of the sherd. This suggests that the sherd is not from one of the previously identified pots.

The sherd was found in square 46, context 425 (no. 271).

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10.4.5 Appendix 1

The following are the main identified sherds on which the descriptions of the individual pots are based. In most cases, sherds which are considered as representative and a sherd which gives a good impression of the visible grits are also listed.

Pot 1

For grit analysis: 419:13; photo: 419:8 etc

All the pottery from contexts 395, 399, 419 and 431 appears to belong to this urn. This material includes large pieces now recorded as several sherds, large uncleaned pieces and small crumbs and fragments.

431:3, 399:1-192, 419:1-21, 431:1-22.

Rim 399:92r&399:93r; rim sherds:431:15, 399:108r, 399:109r

Base 431:1&431:2 (nb 431:1 is cracking badly)

Base fragments: 431:8, 9

Cordoned sherds: 399:42, 399:94cr, 399:112-119 (one piece); 399:122cr, 399:165cr,

Large body pieces: 399:166&167&120; 399:135-147 (all one piece);

Joining pieces: 399:2r&399:36&399:9r

399:108r&399:111&419:9r&419:11r&419:8r&419:15&419:10r&419:??&399:110&431:3r&431:20&431:5cr&431:11

Below shoulder: 399:45&399:48&399:41

395:1-23

Pot 2

For grit analysis and photo: 375:28

Rim sherd 375:28 and probably 375:1-27 (including fragments mainly)

Pot 2a

Rim sherd no. 413:1

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Pot 3

Photo: 425:281

Sherds 425:281r,12r&3, 195

Large rim sherd: 425:201r

Pot 4

Grits: 425:290; Photo: 425:12(?)8

The following sherds can be identified to this vessel: 425: 2&3, 11, 19, 46, 47,57r, 32&54, 55 225r-230, 244&248, 422-429

Large joining piece: 425:149r&425:245r &425:249 &425:291r &425:290 &425:294 &425:r

Pot 5

Grits: 425:272; Photo: 425:246

Refitted rim segments: 425:188r&256r&266r&262r&270

425:54&32&346&30&33r&31&42r&45r

Other rim sherds: 425:255r, 244(or264)r, 51r, 254r, 181r&221r

possible base 425:72

Sherds: 85, 90, 92, 93, 95, 103, 105-107, 110, 111, 115-117, 119, 124-173, 185, 188-190, 216, 261, 265, 267, 269.

Pot 6

Grits: 425:272; Photo 425:246

Rims: 425:234r&235, 242r, 236r, 180r, 181r, 50r, 240r&243r, 245&249, 219r

Cordons: 425:45cr

Joining piece: 425:234&425:242r+c&425:235c&425:236c

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425:243r&425:240r+c&425:272&425:273

425:188r&425:181r&425:212r&425:211r&425:192c&425:195c. Sherd 181 shows the negative of the former cordon.

425:50&425:59&425:60

425:1-10, 180-187, 192-196, 191-210, 211-224, 271-287, 231-239

Amongst the sherds from context 425 are two body sherds with cordons, 425:49 and 54; the former is considerably more massive than the latter. These may belong to pot no. 6, but this is not certain and they be derived from one or more other pots.

Pot 7

425:192r, 61

Pot 8

Grits: 425: 58; Photo: 425:45

Sherds 177r&176r&174&178&175, 56r&58, 61

Pot 9

Grits: 402:2; Photo: 402:4

Joining part rim to base: 375:6r&9r&2&4&12. No. 4 includes part of base angle. 3r.

Base:5&17&19.

375:1-27 (found as one piece) 402:1-3, 6, 9, 12-20, 21-33 (this last group are fragments and crumbs only)

Pot 10

Grits: 420:4; Photo: 420:20

Sherds 420:20r&10r, 19r, 17&18 and possibly all remaining fragments from this context (420:1-20)

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Comment: very friable

Pot 11

Grits: 456:162; Photo: 456:157&138&140

Two large segments of rim: 456:133r&151&157r&140&139r&109&136r&137r 124r&143r&154&1&135r&142r&162&141r&181r&187&160&166&161.

It appears that the vast majority of the pottery from C456 belongs to this vessel. However, rim sherds 456:30 and 456:4 are joining pieces of vessel no. 14

456:143-180 (probably all pieces, including two large pieces of rim)

Pot 12

Grits: 460:144; Photo: 460:143R

Sherd nos: 460:143-49. Originally one piece (rim: 143)

Pot 13

Rim segment: 456:32r&5r&8&15&3r&31r.

Body sherds: 456:5, 10, 14, 460:9, 14.

Base sherd 460:2

Pot 14

Large segment of rim: 456:30r&456:4r&460:130r&460:1&460:132&460:131&460:42

Very large segment of rim and body: 460:98&460:97r&460:96&460:95r&460:92r&460:90&460:91r&460:&460:93r&460:170r; rim sherd: 460:115r

joining body pieces: 460:97&460:98; 460:21&460:11&460:23; 460:172&&460:173; 460:99&460:100&460:105;

460:111&460:110&460:109;

460:122&115&114&113&112

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Base sherds: 460:150, 151, 152, 154

Other body sherds: 456:2, 6, 9, 11-3, 16, 181, 182, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 196, 200, 202-204, 206, 207;460:6, 8, 12, 13, 17, 34, 40- 79 (crumbs and fragments), 97-108, 112-129 (lots of fragments, 115r, 116 and 118 may be another pot), 130-142,150-167 (base sherds and crumbs). The sherds from 460 are largely from this vessel

Pot 15

Sherds:460:176&177, 178&186, 175, 178, 180–183, 185, 187, 188-190, 192. More joins are possible.

Pot 16

Grits: 460:36; Photo: 460:166&169

This vessel was apparently found in a number of large pieces which broke into smaller pieces.

Large segment of rim: 456:94r&460:16r&456:18&456:17&456:19cr&460:169; Large rim piece: 456:94r&460:168&456:18&456:17&456:19cr&460:169; Rim segment: 456:46r&456:28r&456:273r+cr&456:47cr&456:41r&456:42r&456:43r&456:44r; Rim and parts of two cordons segment:456:94r&460:168&456:18&456:17&456:19cr&460:169

Other rim sherds: 444:1r, 456:28r

Cordon 449:5cr, 449:36cr

Part of base: 456:57 (fragment)

Sherds: 436:2-8,17; 444:1, 2; 449: 1-37; 456:15, 17-21, 27cr28, 33-65 (36cr, 37cr, 57bs), 89, 91, 273, 274; 444:1r, 2cr, 3, 449:1r, 449:2cr, 449:1-37 (17&12, 5cr), 36cr, 37cr

Joining pieces: 449:1r&444:2c1&449:37c1&456:65c1&456:59c2 (rim, upper cordon and lower cordon); 456:46r&456:47c&456:28r&456:41r&456:42r&456:273r (rim and cordon piece); 436:17r&456:18r&456:43 (or 63)&460:168r&460:169c&456:91r (rim and cordon piece)

Cordons: 449:2. 456:59, 65, 68&89, 66&70, 87, 274.

(48-51 a cordon, 52-54 another cordon, 55&56 bodysherd; 22-25 (a cordon, now 24)

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Pot 17

Grits: 456:250; Photo: 456:217 or 312

Sherds: Three large portions of the rim can be refitted.

456:227r &456:214r &456:312r &456:211r

456:95r&215r&212&226r

456:95r&456:215r&456:?236r&456:222

456:213&456:227&456:214&456:212r&456:211r

456:95r&456:217r&456:222&456:226&456:216&456:218r&456:251

body piece: 456:255&456:232&456:267; 456:244&456:235&456:256&456:236; 456:34&456:253; 456:245&223&229; 456:111&&456:98; 219&220&456&266&233&263&258&231; 234&253;

235&251/7; 232&267 (small); 249&270&241 (small); 100&108 (small); 111&98 (small)

Base pieces 456:96, 456:97, 456:103, 456:105, 456:106; 456:246bs&456:224bs&456:223

Base angle: 456:228&456:259

Body sherds: 456:99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 110, 114, 152, 220,229, 230, 237-240, 242-245, 247, 250, 252, 254, 255, 257, 260-262, 264, 265 284.

Crumbs: 456:108, 109, 112, 113, 118.

Close to base angle: 456:248, 269

Pot 18

Grits: 436:2; Photo 436:5.

Sherd nos: 436:2-8 (no. 2 is a rim sherd).

Sherds: 425: 86, 87, 89, 91, 94, 96, 98, 112, 11, 14, 18, 19. These do not appear to belong to the above vessels.

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10.4.6 Bibliography

Brindley, A.L. 2003 The use of pottery in Dutch hunebedden. In Alex Gibson Prehistoric Pottery. People, pattern and purpose (pp 43-51) BAR International Series 1156

Brindley, A.L. Forthcoming The dating of food vessels and urns in Ireland Bronze Age Studies. NUI Galway

Gowen, M., 1988Three Irish Gas Pipelines: New Archaeological Evidence in Munster Wordwell

Juhl, K. 1995 The relation between vessel form and vessel function. A methodological study. AmS-Skrifter 14. Arkeologisk Museum I Stavanger. Stavanger

Ó Ríordáin, S.P. 1954 Lough Gur Excavations: Neolithic and Bronze Age houses on Knockadoon, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 56c, 297-459

Pollock, A.J. & D.M. Waterman 1964 A bronze age habitiation site at Downpatrick Ulster Journal of Archaeology 27, pp 31-58

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Recommendations

The accompanying sketches are for reference only.

Drawings for publication should be of re-assembled pots not individual sherds.

The pottery itself should not be handled further without consolidation and the large pieces of joining sherds refitted by an experienced person before drawing. Fresh breaks and abundant joins indicate the pottery was originally in very large pieces. The pottery offers very good potential for large-scale reconstruction. In this regard, the pottery is unusually well preserved. Please note: sherds with very large angular grits are friable and the edges are inclined to crumble and the larger sherds are continuing to break into smaller pieces due to their own weight. Any further handling will lead to deterioration.

It is important that the vessels in this assemblage be re-assembled, consolidated and reconstruct-ed. The assemblage provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct the appearance, size, height, and capacity of a range of domestic pottery from this or indeed any other stage of Irish prehistory. Complete vessels are usually only found in graves where they occur in isolation and were types that were made expressly for funerary purposes. Domestic pottery is usually found as discarded broken pottery and as it is not usually placed in pits in the subsoil but lies on the old ground surface where it is susceptible to plough damage and other post deposition disturbance. Irish domestic sites rarely have any surface protection (eg tell mounds) and the artefacts are scarce and poorly preserved. Domestic pottery is different from funerary pottery in that it was made to fulfill a variety of different functions which are integral to daily life - storage, food preparation, cooking, serving and eating. Each of these required different types of containers. An exceptional aspect of this assemblage of sherds is that it has been possible to reconstruct the different types, sizes and shapes of the vessels which were needed for these different functions.

In recent years there have been a growing interest in the possibility of identifying traces of the former contents of pottery vessels, most recently through lipid analysis. A number of PhD theses have looked at ways and means of analysing this material and interpreting the results. So far, the results have been limited to identifying fats, a common ingredient in cooking and have yielded little further information. An unfortunate effect however, has been a reluctance to undertake reconstruction of pottery coupled with a lack of appreciation of how little is known of the shape, size and capacity of almost all Irish prehistoric pottery outside of grave pottery. The shape, size and capacity of pots is a good indicator of the probable use to which the pottery could have been put. Domestic pottery in particular was designed to fulfill a wide range of functions which can be identified to a greater or less extent by the specific characteristics of each pot (eg storage pots tend to be of larger capacity and to have small mouths in order to protect the contents from contami-

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nation and because access to the interior was infrequent; open sided vessels of medium capacity allow access for stirring etc and are usually associated with food preparation; vessels with flaring rims are usually associated with liquids which need to be poured out ). A priority of studies of Irish pottery should be the reconstruction of the pottery firstly as a means of identifying its pos-sible uses. When this has been achieved, it will be possible to identify which pottery can most use-fully be analysed for residue analysis and perhaps to correlate particular products with particular shapes of vessels. By this time, lipid and other related analyses should have developed to a stage where the results can be more reliably interpreted.

The Knockhouse pottery is particularly important because it is suitable for reconstruction work. It represents the domestic pottery of the early part of the middle bronze age. This material is comparatively fragile because it is tempered with large quantities of quite large pieces of angular stone and is usually now friable. This also affects the funerary pottery but is a particular problem with the pottery from settlement sites. The Knockhouse pottery has retained its integrity because it was preserved in the ditch fill of the site.

A final consideration is that if this pottery is conserved and reconstructed sensitively, it will be suitable for (and in my opinion should be used for) exhibition purposes as it illustrates a very rare aspect of Irish prehistoric domestic life and has an important role in the identification of future discoveries of similar material.

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10.5 Radiocarbon Results

Radiocarbon Results from Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford (03E1033)

Context Sample Lab code 14 C Age 2 Sigma calibration Period399 127 UB 6935 3028+/-34 cal BC

1400-1193

1173-1168

1142-1133

MBA

472 143 UB 6936 3113+/-32 cal BC

1450-1303

MBA

Radiocarbon results from 14Chrono Centre, Queen’s University Belfast

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Analysis of charred seeds from Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford (03E1033)

By Penny Johnston

10.6.1 Introduction

This report details the charred seeds found in deposits from the Middle Bronze Age settlement site and enclosure excavated at Knockhouse Lower, Co. Waterford. The plant remains were predominantly from cereals (including barley and primitive glume wheats). This plant assemblage is richer than many obtained from other Bronze Age settlement sites, perhaps because some of the material at the site ap-pears to have burnt in situ.

10.6.2 Methodology

The samples were collected on site as bulk soil and were processed using a simple flotation method. Each sample was saturated in water to allow carbonised plant material to float; this “flot” (the floating material) was then poured into a stack of geological sieves and trapped in the sieve meshes (the smallest measured 250µm). When all the carbonised material was collected the flot was air-dried in paper-lined drying trays prior to storage in airtight plastic bags. Sorting and identification of the flots was carried out using a low-powered binocular microscope (magnification x10 to x40) and identified seeds were separated and stored in sealed glass phials. Nomenclature and taxonomic order follows Stace (1997), although in order to facilitate easy reading of this text the scientific names are included only in the table of identified seeds presented at the end of this report (Table 1).

10.6.3 Results

Nineteen samples were examined; C.208 (S.81), C.268 (S93.), C.302 (S.95), C.317 (S.103), C.375 (S.121), C.395 (S.127), C.399 (S.127), C.414 (S.128), C.419 (S.129), C.425 (S.135), C.431 (S.132), C.436 (S.144), C.444 (S.134), C.450 (S.137), C.472 (S.143), C.545 (S.167), C. 554 (S.170), C.647 (S.183) and C.662 (S.188). Charred seeds were recovered from twelve of these (listed in Table 1). In most samples charred seeds were recovered only in small amounts from stray cereal grains and weed seeds that were scattered about the site during its occupation. However, in three samples, C.472 (S.143), C.545 (S.167 and C.647 (S.183), charred seeds were found in very high quantities and the material from these samples can be interpreted as cache deposits of grain that were burnt in storage.

C.472 (S.143) was taken from was a rectangular post that burned in situ, originally one of the sup-

10.6 Plant Remains Report

132



ports for the D-shaped structure found in the interior of the enclosure. The wood species was identi-fied as oak and this charcoal produced a Middle Bronze Age radiocarbon date of cal BC 1450-1303. The deposit was also rich in charred plant remains, in particular grains of naked barley, more than one thousand seven hundred were found. There were comparatively few weed seeds; this part of the assemblage consisted mainly of members of the Knotgrass (Dock) and Grass families, common plants found growing amongst grain crops.

C.545 (S.167) was taken from the main fill of a stakehole where the stake appears to have rotted in situ. This was also one of the uprights along the entrance wall in the D-shaped house. Once again in this sample the charred grains were predominantly from barley, where identifiable these were naked barley. There were also a few grains of wheat in this deposit, in particular emmer wheat, and there were very few weed seeds present.

C.647 (S.183) was taken from the fill of pit C.649, located approximately 6 m to the east of the D-shaped structure. It was found amongst a group of anomalous features that were excavated near the east ditch. The plant remains assemblage consisted primarily of grains of naked barley, but there were also several wheat grains in this sample (where identifiable most of these were classified as emmer wheat).

Percentage cereal composition in rich samples from Knockhouse Lower, Co.Waterford (03E1033)

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

472 545 647

Contexts

Barley Indeterminate cereal grains Wheat

Of the remaining samples from the site that were not rich in plant remains, eight were from ditch fills and one was from the packing fill of a posthole that made up the D-shaped structure within the enclosure. Most of the identifiable cereals from these contexts were from barley grains and no wheat was recovered in these samples.

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10.6.4 Discussion

The plant remains were predominantly cereals, and in most of the samples barley, in particular naked barley, was the main crop type recovered. Early studies of thirty-four grain imprints from twenty sherds of Bronze Age pottery identified all but three of the imprints as naked barley (Jessen and Hel-baek 1944), although as Monk (1985/86) points out this material is biased by the fact that, firstly it is taken from artefacts and secondly these artefacts were primarily recovered from funerary contexts. The actual remains of charred grains from Bronze Age settlement contexts also repeatedly show bar-ley as the predominant cereal type retrieved. Samples taken during excavation at a Late Bronze Age habitation site at Lough Gur demonstrated that although some wheat was recovered, barley was clearly the predominant crop (Tierney and Hannon 2003). Charred cereal grains including hulled wheat and barley were found at Late Bronze Age hut sites at Curraghatoor, Co. Tipperary (Monk 1987a) and large proportions of hulled barley, with smaller quantities of wheat, have also been found at Late Bronze Age settlement sites in the east of Ireland, including Charlesland, Co. Wicklow. In general, despite evidence from the pottery imprint studies, hulled barley grains appear to be more common type found in Irish archaeobotanical assemblages from the Bronze Age, as opposed to naked grains. The large assemblage of naked grains from Knockhouse Lower is therefore unusual, but it has some precedents; for example Late Bronze Age remains from Ballyveelish, Co. Tipperary produced charred grains of naked barley (Monk 1987b).

Wheat was also present in the Knockhouse Lower plant remains assemblage. This repeats a trend noted in many Bronze Age plant remains assemblages where barley is often the most common cereal type found, but where wheat is present in much smaller amounts (e.g. Curaghatoor, Lough Gur and Charlesland). The fact that barley is often numerically predominant means that it is often emphasised over consideration of the wheat crop, but as both crop types are found consistently, both evidently played a role in crop husbandry practices in the Irish Bronze Age. In many cases wheat identification can be problematic as there is a range of closely related wheat species that have evolved over several millennia of human selection and hybridisation and the grains can vary greatly between different sites and different periods (Hillman et al., 1995). Where preservation conditions are not ideal, as is often the case in archaeobotanical assemblages, it can be difficult to identify the wheat grains to species. However, at Knockhouse Lower the cereal grains were in good condition and it was frequently possible to identify the wheat type as emmer, a primitive glume wheat. Middle Bronze Age sites where emmer wheat grains have been identified in significant quantities include an occupation site at Ballycullen, Co. Limerick (Johnston in preparation) and a round house at Killydonoghoe, Co. Cork (Johnston 2003).

The main weed types discovered in the Knockhouse Lower samples included seeds from the Knot-grass (Dock) Family and from wild grasses. These plants are hardy ruderals that colonise waste and disturbed ground, often growing in or around areas of human settlement. They can also grow as crop weeds and they could have been brought to site as weeds associated with cereal crops. These weed types were also present in the plant remains assemblage from another Middle Bronze Age settlement site at Mitchelstown, Co. Cork (Johnston 2005), and they are often one of the most common weed types

134



retrieved from charred plant assemblages.

10.6.5 Non-Technical Summary

The samples from Knockhouse Lower were predominantly cereal grains and, while both barley and wheat were found, barley was the most common crop type. In this respect, the plant assemblage from Knockhouse Lower conforms to the general trend identified in most large plant remains assemblages from Irish Middle and Late Bronze Age settlement sites. However, in one respect the plant remains from this site were very unusual; the barley type identified was a naked rather than a hulled variety. This correlates well to the evidence that we have from pottery imprint studies dating to this period, but in general hulled barley is the most common type found in Bronze Age charred grain assemblages.

10.6.6 References

Hillman, G. C., Mason, S., de Moulins, D. and Nesbitt, M. 1995 ‘Identification of archaeological

135



remains of wheat: the 1992 London workshop’ Circaea 12 (2), 195-209.

Jessen, K. and Helbaek, H. 1994 Cereals in Great Britain and Ireland in Prehistoric Times det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter III, Nr. 2, 1-68.

Johnston, P. In preparation Analysis of Plant Remains in Grogan, E. (ed.) The Pipeline to the West – An Integrated Archaeological and Environmental Assessment.

Johnston, P. 2005 Charred plant remains from Mitchelstown 1, Co. Cork (04E1072). Unpublished technical report for Eachtra Archaeological Projects.

Johnston, P. 2003 Analysis of plant remains Glanmire-Watergrasshill Road Scheme Co. Cork. Unpublished technical report for Sheila Lane and Associates.

Monk, M.A. 1987a Appendix I The charred plant remains in Doody, M. Late Bronze Age huts at Curraghatoor, Co. Tipperary in Cleary, R.M., Hurley, M.F. and Twohig, E.A. (eds.) Archaeological Excavations of the Cork-Dublin Gas Pipeline (1981-82) Department of Archaeology, University College, Cork.

Monk, M.A. 1987b Appendix The charred plant remains in Doody, M. Late Bronze Age settlement, Ballyveelsih 2, Co. Tipperary in Cleary, R.M., Hurley, M.F. and Twohig, E.A. (eds.) Archaeological Excavations of the Cork-Dublin Gas Pipeline (1981-82) Department of Archaeology, University College, Cork.

Monk, M. 1985/1986 Evidence from macroscopic plant remains for crop husbandry in prehistoric and early historic Ireland: a review, The Journal of Irish Archaeology III.

Stace, C. 1997 New Flora of the British Isles Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tierney, J. and Hannon, M. 2003 Appendix II Charred plant remains. In R.M. Cleary, Enclosed Late Bronze Age habitation site and boundary wall at Lough Gur, Co. Limerick PRIA 103C (4), 152-157.

136



Tabl

e 1:

Iden

tifie

d se

eds f

rom

Kno

ckho

use

Low

er, C

o. W

ater

ford

(03E

1033

)C

onte

xt30

237

539

541

442

543

644

445

047

254

555

464

7Sa

mpl

e95

121

123

128

135

144

134

137

143

167

170

183

Haz

el n

ut sh

ell f

ragm

ents

(Cor

ylus

ave

llana

L.)

11

Stitc

hwor

t/M

ouse

-ear

(Ste

llaria

/Cer

astiu

m)

1

Cor

n Sp

urre

y (S

perg

ula

arve

nsis

L.)

4

Inde

term

inat

e se

eds f

rom

the

Pink

fam

ily (C

aryo

-ph

ylla

ceae

)

1

Pale

Per

sicar

ia (P

ersic

aria

lapa

thifo

lia (L

.) G

ray)

11

Blac

k Bi

ndw

eed

(Fal

lopi

a co

nvol

vulu

s)

13

1

3Pr

obab

le S

heep

’s So

rrel

(Rum

ex c

f ace

tose

lla L

.)

1In

dete

rmin

ate

seed

s fro

m th

e K

notg

rass

fam

ily (P

o-ly

gona

ceae

)

1

1

11

5

Inde

term

inat

e se

eds f

rom

the

Spur

ge fa

mily

(Eup

hor-

biac

eae)

1

Hem

p-ne

ttle

(Gal

eops

is L.

spec

ies)

1

Plan

tain

(Pla

ntag

o L.

spec

ies)

1

Cle

aver

s (G

aliu

m a

parin

e L.

)

3

O

at g

rain

s (Av

ena

spec

ies)

1

1

Poss

ible

oat

gra

ins (

cf A

vena

spec

ies)

2

Nak

ed B

arle

y gr

ains

(Hor

deum

vul

gare

var

. nud

um)

1708

202

319

Barle

y gr

ains

, cul

tivat

ed ty

pe (H

orde

um v

ulga

re)

2

339

Inde

term

inat

e ba

rley

grai

ns (H

orde

um sp

ecie

s)

1

22

21

1R

achi

s int

erno

des f

rom

bar

ley

of in

dete

rmin

ate

type

(H

orde

um sp

ecie

s)

2

Oat

/Bar

ley

grai

ns (A

vena

/Hor

deum

)

1

Em

mer

whe

at g

rain

s (Tr

iticu

m d

icoc

cum

)

11

12Em

mer

whe

at sp

ikel

et fo

rks (

Triti

cum

dic

occu

m)

3

Emm

er w

heat

glu

me

base

s (Tr

iticu

m d

icoc

cum

)

2

3In

dete

rmin

ate

whe

at g

rain

s (Tr

iticu

m sp

ecie

s)

4

62Ba

rley/

Whe

at g

rain

s (H

orde

um/T

ritic

um)

2

Inde

term

inat

e ce

real

gra

ins (

Cer

alia

)

1

1

13

615

198

Inde

term

inat

e gr

ass s

eeds

(Poa

ceae

)

11

1

16

42

43

Inde

term

inat

e se

dge

seed

s

1

In

dete

rmin

ate

wee

d se

eds

1

1

1

1

2

Poss

ible

ber

ry/fr

uit f

ragm

ent

1

archaeological report - knockhouse lower, co. waterford (ireland)

Education

pottery report

circular enclosure

charcoal identification

circular structure

eachtra journalissue

eachtra journal issn

possible ancillary structure

development site location