ARC Linkage ProjectsARC Linkage Projects- A way to develop knowledge between

universities and industries

By:Diana MaldonadoSupervised by:

Sandra Jones

Robert Brooks

1. Background1. Background

Knowledge Management

IdentifyOrganice

&focus

Build

Apply Exploit

Value

Wiig,1994

Environment Environment and Industryand Industry

Practical knowledge

Needs

ProblemsSkills and

competences

University- Industry RelationshipLearning from the industry

Difference in the way knowledge is produced (Jacob, Merle 2000 based in Gibbons et al (1994))Mode 1Problems set and

solved in a context (academic)

Disciplinary basedHomogeneityQuality control

rigorous Individual creativity

Mode 2 Knowledge produced in

context of application Transdisciplinarity Heterogeneity and

organizational diversity Social Accountability and

reflexibility Multidimensional criteria

for evaluation

Factors of knowledge transfer in Alliances

Form

Trust

Culture

Intent

Transparency

Learning Capacity

Effective Knowledge transfer

Nicolas Rolland and Daniele Chauvel (2000)

Context

Discovery IRDDiscoveryDiscovery

Discovery Projects

ARC National Competitive Grants

LinkageLinkage

Linkage ProjectsLinkage- International

Linkage-Infrastructure

Linkage-Learned Academies Special Projects

Linkage-Australian Postdoctoral Fellowship (CSIRO)

Phase 1Phase 1HHow are ARC linkage projects promoting collaboration ow are ARC linkage projects promoting collaboration between industries and universities?between industries and universities?

Description of the ARC linkage Scheme

Data collection: ARC web site, web sites of universities, DEST web site and a Melbourne Institute database.

Data measurement: – inductive statistical methods.

• descriptive statistics • binary dependent variable regression models.

Type of investigation: Quantitative.Time Horizon: ARC linkage projects grants

commencing in 2001 and 2002.

Methodology

Number of Funded Projects

050

100150200250300350400450500550

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

No.

Pro

ject

s

Succes Rate

45.646.4

44.9 44.6

51.54

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

%ra

te

•The amount of funding allocated by the ARC for the Linkage Projects increased and the success rate was higher, even if the number of projects

funded showed a slight decrease from 2001 to 2002.

Total Funding

53,773.11 58,290.1472,472.48

81,669.43 86,911.87

117,671.98

0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000100000110000120000130000

2000 2001 2002

Thou

sand

s

Year

Tota

l

ARC Industry Contribution

No. of funded projects

No. of funded projects

Engineering and technology 104 Engineering and technology 108Agricultural,veterinary and environmental sciences60 HIGHAgricultural,veterinary and environmental sciences57 HIGHBiological Sciences 48 Biological Sciences 55Information, computing and communication sciences42 Information, computing and communication sciences36Medical and health sciences 29 Studies in human society 30Chemical Sciences 28 Chemical Sciences 29Studies in human society 27 Medical and health sciences 25Commerce, management, tourism and services 25 Earth Sciences 16Earth Sciences 22 MEDIUMEducation 16 MEDIUMEducation 17 Commerce, management, tourism and services16Economics 15 Behavioural and cognitive sciences 16Law, justice and law enforcement 14 Economics 13Behavioural and cognitive sciences 10 Law, justice and law enforcement 9Mathematical Sciences 8 Architecture, urban environment and building8Physical Sciences 8 History and archaeology 8Journalism. Librarianship and curatorial studies 7 Physical Sciences 7History and archaeology 6 Policy and political science 6Policy and political science 5 Mathematical Sciences 5Architecture, urban environment and building 4 LOWThe arts 3 LOWThe arts 2 Language and culture 3Language and culture 2 Journalism. Librarianship and curatorial studies2Philosophy and religion 1 Philosophy and religion 1

20022001

The divisions that have higher support are areas with a commercial orientation like Engineering and Technology; Agricultural,

Veterinary and Environmental Sciences; Biological Sciences; and Information, Communication and Computer Sciences.

Success Rate

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00%

Sandstones

Redbricks

Unitechs

Gumtrees

New U

Class

ifica

tion

%rate

20012002

Number of Funded Projects

020406080

100120140160180

Calssification

No.

of P

roje

cts

2001

2002

•A small number of institutions dominate the research activities supported by the ARC linkage projects.

• Sandstones, Redbricks and Gumtrees, while the newer universities like Unitechs and New Universities had less support.

Number of APAI funded-2001

32%

64%

3%

1%

0

1

2

3

Number of APAI funded-2002

29%

60%

10% 1%

0%

0

1

2

3

4

Number of APDI funded by project-2001

95%

5%

0

1

Number of APDI funded by project-2002

94%

6% 0%

0

1

2

•A large portion of these projects include APAIs supporting research training for the postgraduate students, however few projects include

APDIs  

Industry partners

620640660680700720740760

2000 2001 2002

Years

Num

ber o

f Ind

ustry

Pa

rtner

s

Industry partners

Number of Industry Partners by Industry Type

020406080

100120140

20012002

There has been an increase in the number of industry partners over the last three years and the sectors with higher

participation are government and defence, and manufacturing

The industry contribution also increased over the last two years, however a great percentage is in kind

Industry Contribution

0

50000000

100000000

150000000

2000 2001 2002

In Kind

In cash

2002 2001 TotalBHP Cannington 15 18 33Agriculture Western Australia 6 8 14Alcoa World Alumina Australia 8 4 12Department of Natural Resources 7 4 11AMIRA 4 3 7Motorola Australia Software Centre 4 3 7Telstra 2 5 7Department of Human Services 1 5 6NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 3 3 6Queensland Department of Main Roads 5 1 6Department of Primary Industries 2 3 5MIM 3 2 5Novartis Aqua Health 2 3 5NSW Agriculture 2 3 5NSW Department of Education & Training 1 4 5ORICA Australia Pty Ltd 2 3 5QLD Parks & Wildlife Service, Environmental Protection Authority 2 3 5

The proportion of industry partners contributing both years is relatively low. Among them, a small number of industries dominating the list of partners and

many of them have been partners since 1997

•The research oriented organizations with higher revenue and research funding are more likely to participate in ARC Linkage projects. However, the production of intellectual capital defined by number of designs, number of trademarks and number of patterns are not significant when it comes to predict the collaboration in these projects.

Research and development performers classified (according to the ANZIC) in the subdivisions of

More likely Less Likely

Forestry and Logging Machinery and Motor Vehicle Wholesailing

Water Supply Personal and Household Good Retailing

Sewerage and Drainage Services Personal and Household Good Wholesaling

Community Services and Libraries

Museums and the Arts..

RMIT VISION - Our research and development function will further develop its focus on solving problems and providing sources of innovation for our community, industry and enterprise partners, reflecting national and international imperatives

2001 2002 2003

Southern Pacific Petroleum N L McFarlane Marketing Aust Pty Ltd City West Water*

Orica Mining and Specifialty Chemicals Cytopia Origin Energy*

Carlton& United Breweries Ltd- BrewTech Southern Pacific Petroleum (Development) Pty LtdMelbourne Water*

Braces Pty Ltd Agent Oriented Software Sustainability Police Services, Building Commission*

Agent Oriented Software Inc. CMS Transport Systems Pty Ltd Cairnlea Development, Urban and Regional Land Corporation*BAE Systems Anadis Limited Hassell*Delfin Limited* RMB & KJ Davison Pty Ltd* Housing Energy Programs, Sustainable Energy Authoroty of Victoria*

Department of Infraestructure, Victoria* Kookaburra Sport Pty Ltd* Metricon Homes*

Hume City Council* Ford Motor Company, Product Development Telstra Research Lab

Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre Webraska Australia Pty Ltd ARSPANSA

Royal District Nursing Service Cash Engineering Research Pty Ltd* Victoria Dept. Natural Resources and Environment

Andersen Consulting* Mirvac Victoria Pty Ltd* Bureau of Metereology*Minter Ellison* National Diversity Think Tank Incorporated* Agented Oriented Software*

Telstra Corporation Ltd* Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency*BioDiem

Australian Multicultural Foundation Dept of Education Training and Employment Air Ambulance, VictoriaAust Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency Morningstar BPN Consulting Pty Ltd*

Maralinga Tjarutja Argyle St Housing Service ANZ Bank*The Mac. Roberton Girls' High School Technological Resources Pty Ltd

APAK Entertainment Pty Ltd.Dynamics Energy Technologies

INDUSTRIES

Phase 2 Research Question: How can the knowledge developed

between universities and industries through ARC linkage projects be identified, valuated and applied in an effective and equitable form?

The more specific questions are: What value is generated through the linkage projects for

organizations? Why and how are organizations collaborating in these projects? How are organizations assimilating the knowledge produced, so

that the knowledge is absorbed in the organizations? What are the key elements involved in the knowledge transfer

process? And how they relate? How can the knowledge transfer process in these projects

improved to facilitate knowledge development?

Data collection:• Interviews• Questionnaire

Data measurement: Identifying factors of relevance, method of comparison and agreement and using statistics.

Type of investigation: Case Study- RMIT university.

Time Horizon: ARC linkage projects grants commencing in 2001 and 2002.

Methodology