aquatic organisms by leanne yenny. benthic macroinvertebrates used as bioindicator organisms the...
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![Page 1: Aquatic Organisms by LeAnne Yenny. Benthic Macroinvertebrates Used as bioindicator organisms The presence or absence of these organisms in a stream can](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c805503460f949375e4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Aquatic Organismsby LeAnne Yenny
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BenthicMacroinvertebrates
• Used as bioindicator organisms
• The presence or absence of these organisms in a stream can be used to reveal the overall ecological quality of the water.
• Generally, unpolluted waters support a greater variety of freshwater macros than polluted water.
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Life Cycles• Incomplete metamorphosis (3
stages)– Eggs to Nymph to Adult
– Include mayflies, stoneflies, dragonflies, damsalflies, true bugs
• Complete metamorphosis (4 stages)– Eggs to Larva to Pupa to Adult
– Include flies, beetles, caddisflies, dobsonflies
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Functional Feeding Groups
• Based on their feeding methods and adaptations
• They are an important part of the food web
• They are a primary link between the base of the food chain and the larger animals such as fish
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Shredders• The first group of
macroinvertebrates to break down the detritus (leaves that have started to decompose).
• Includes craneflies, some caddisflies, stoneflies, sowbugs, and scuds.
• They break the detritus down into fine particles.
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Collectors• Drifting downstream the
fine particles become food for the collectors.
• They use various methods of either filtering or gathering of fine particles. Filterers use fan-like filaments near the mouth to capture food particles.
• Includes some mayflies, midges, and net-spinning caddisflies.
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Grazers (also called Scrapers)
• Feed on the algae that grow on the surface of rocks.
• Includes some caddisflies, the water penny (a beetle), and certain midges and mayflies.
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Predators• The shredders,
collectors, and grazers are a food source for the predators.
• Includes dobsonfly, dragonfly.
• Predators have large powerful mouth parts for grasping prey.
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1. Bacteria + Leaves = Detritus
(slimy leaves)2. Shredders break
down leaves3. Collectors filter
and gather leaf parts4. Grazers eat algae5. Predators feed on
all macros
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Water Quality Indicators• Each
macroinvertebrate belongs in a Taxa - a group indicating the level of pollution tolerance
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Taxa 1• Includes:
– Caddisfly (Trichoptera)
– Stonefly (Plecoptera)
– Water Penny
– Riffle Beetle
– Mayfly (Ephemeroptera)
– Gilled Snail
– Dobsonfly
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STONEFLY ADULTSTONEFLY LARVA
Order: Plecoptera
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ADULT MAYFLY MAYFLY LARVA
Order: Ephemeroptera
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ADULT CADDISFLY CADDISFLY LARVA
Order: Tricoptera
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Can you tell the difference?
Mayfly emerger
Stonefly nymph
Caddis comparison
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Taxa 2• Includes:
– Crayfish– Sowbug– Scud– Alderfly Larva– Fishfly Larva– Damselfly– Watersnipe Fly– Crane Fly– Beetle Larva– Dragonfly– Clam
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Taxa 3
• Includes:– Aquatic Worm
– Midge Fly Larva
– Blackfly Larva
– Leech
– Pouch Snail
– Pond Snail
– Other Snails
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Questions?