APWH

Foundations

Ca. 8000 BCE-600 CE

AFRICA: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CEKey Concepts

• The Agricultural Revs changed social and gender structures and paved the way for the emergence of civilizations.

• Ancient Egyptian civilization was shaped largely by geographic conditions.

• Ancient Egypt was a male-dominated society centered on the pharaoh.

• Sub-Saharan Africa was an isolated region with many separate societies, each with their own political and social characteristics, until the migration of the Bantu people provided cultural unity.

AFRICA: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CEKey Terms

• Agricultural Revolutions• Bantu• Foragers• Hieroglyphics• Neolithic• Papyrus• Pastoralists• Pharaoh• Trans-Saharan trade

THE MIDDLE EAST: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CE

Key Concepts• Civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia with their own

distinctive culture and political and social structures.• City-states and empires in the Middle East sat at the

crossroads of major trade routes, such as the Silk Road and sea routes through the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean, along which both products and culture traveled.

• The geographic, political, and economic characteristics of the Middle East gave rise to the first empires.

• Judaism and Christianity originated in the Middle East and had an impact on political events and social structure.

THE MIDDLE EAST: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CE

Key Terms• Christianity• City-state• Cuneiform• Hellenism/Hellenistic

Age• Judaism• Mesopotamia

• Monotheism• Neo-Assyrian Empire• Persian Empire• Polytheism• Zoroastrianism

ASIA: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CEKey Concepts

• Both China and India experienced major political developments that gave rise to powerful empires.

• The Shang and Zhou dynasties established the political and social foundation for future Chinese dynasties.

• Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, and Daoism are all important belief systems that impacted social and gender structures.

• Across Asia there emerged land and sea trade networks that fostered the transfer of goods and ideas.

ASIA: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CEKey Terms

• Buddhism• Caste• Confucianism• Daoism• Hinduism• Karma

• Legalism• Mandate of Heaven• Nirvana• Sati• Varna

EUROPE: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CEKey Concepts

• The foundation of the Western world was established by the classical empires of Greece and Rome.

• The uneven collapse of the Roman Empire set Europe on two divergent paths for the following centuries.

• Christianity arose under Roman rule, and although initially reviled, it eventually flourished, in large part as a result of the policies of Emperor Constantine.

EUROPE: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CEKey Terms

• Byzantine Empire• Hellenistic Age• Hoplite• Linear B• Minoans• Mycenaeans

• Pax Romana• Polis• Roman Republic• Romanization• Third-century crisis

THE AMERICAS: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CE

Key Concepts

• The development of civilization in the Western Hemisphere differed from that in the Eastern Hemisphere because of environmental factors and relative isolation.

• Societies with complex political, economic, and social structures did emerge in the Western Hemisphere.

THE AMERICAS: ca. 8000 BCE-600 CE

Key Terms

• Olmec

• Chavin

• Mesoamerica