APUSHBell Work: Make a T chart for concept attainment….

Opposites• Home Soil• Defensive• Liberty• Guerilla Warfare• Long Rifle• Government?

• Trained Troops• Well Supported

(Indians, mercenaries)• Navy• Officers• Loyalists• Popularity?

The World Turned Upside Down• Washington given commission of the Continental Army-

compromise with the Southern colonies• Character• Doesn’t win much but continually fields in army- wears out

British resolve

Early Pre-fighting• 14 months before the declaration of independence…• Remaining loyal- but fighting independence• Concord & Lexington• Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)

May have lost engagements, but the victories were costly for the British.

Reconciliation?• Olive Branch Petition…• Bunker Hill- George III- breaking of the Olive Branch• Hessians hired (soldier from Hess- but all mercenaries are

called Hessians)• Why bring outsiders?

Canadian Invasion 1775• General Richard Montgomery & Benedict Arnold invade from

the south to create a 14th colony• Thought French would join up- but defeated at Quebec• Montgomery killed- Arnold shot in the leg.

Common Sense• Most colonists are still loyal to the king (threat of hanging,

drawing & quartering etc.)• Thomas Paine writes common sense- • No where in the physical universe does a smaller body control

a larger one.• Using the Bible and common language- explains the idea of

popular government• ?republicanism vs. social hierarchy- fear of mob rule

Independence• Richard Henry Lee- June 6th… “right ought to be, free and

independent states”• Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence• Loyalists (Tories) vs. Patriots (Whigs)• Minority movement (rebels)• Conservatives and wealthy remained loyal. Along with clergy,

British officers etc.• After independence- not wide persecution (ie Reign of Terror)

Round 1 1776

Washington vs William Howe• British evacuate Boston• Concentrate efforts on New York- take Long Island

More Defeats but no pursuit- Howe’s experience at Bunker hill made him overly cautious• Brooklyn Heights- August 1776• White Plains- October 1776

Retreat and Desertion• Trenton & Princeton- crossing the Delaware.

Round 2 1777

Attempts at splitting the colonies in two: Hudson River ValleyFt. Ticonderoga (sole protection against Northern Invasion)• Saratoga: Horatio Gates, Benedict Arnold vs. Gen. “Gentleman

Johnny” Burgoyne• British Gen. Howe does not meet up with Burgoyne- instead

attack Philadelphia • Washington defeated at Brandywine & Germantown but

delays Howe (Philadelphia captured Howe!)• Burgoyne eventually encircled by colonial militia and forced to

surrender. Arnold shot again in the leg- loses it.• Washington will spend most the war hemming in the British in

New York (can’t join forces in the South)

Between Rounds• British reconciliation?• Ben Franklin in France- diplomacy pivotal• French- Treaty of Alliance- becomes a world war with Spain,

Holland entering later in 1779• Armed Neutrality ensues (Russia and others poised to attack)• Makes the war very costly• Valley Forge- Baron von Steuben

Round 3 The West 1778-1779

Arnold gives up West Point and joins the British… Washington- “who can we trust now?”• Indian fighting- British would halt colonial expansion• George Clark- seizes former French forts by surprise.• Fts. Kaskakia Cahokia• Recapture of Vincennes

Forces the British to later give up the Ohio valley at the Paris peace talks.• Also, privateers led by John Paul Jones attacked British

shipping

Round 4 The South 1780-1781

Attempts to unite with Southern loyalists- roll up the colonies beginning with Georgia heading north• Savannah & Charleston• Kings Mountain- frontiersmen (bloody frontier fighting)

Fighting Quaker Nathaniel Green- loses battles but wins campaigns.• Colonial tide’s turn at Cowpens & Gulford• Siege of Yorktown 1781 (Washington and the French from the

north with French encirclement by sea)

Aftermath• Treaty of Paris 1783• Reasons for American victory

AP: Bell Work… place these events in the correct order! • Lexington & Concord• Second Continental Congress (Olive Branch Petition)• Stamp Act• Punitive Acts (Boston Port Bill, Mass. Gov’t Act, Administration of

Justice Act, New Quartering Act)• Stamp Act Congress• Boston Massacre• Declaration of Independence• Sugar Act• Tea Act• Common Sense• Boston Tea Party• First Continental Congress• Bunker Hill

Bell Work… Continued• Sugar Act• Stamp Act• Stamp Act Congress• Boston Massacre• Tea Act• Boston Tea Party• Punitive Acts (Boston Port Bill, Mass. Gov’t Act, Administration of

Justice Act, New Quartering Act)• First Continental Congress• Lexington & Concord• Second Continental Congress (Olive Branch Petition)• Bunker Hill• Common Sense• Declaration of Independence

Reality Tour- KANE FAMILY TRIP

CRANARY BURIAL GROUND• John Hancock, Sam Adams, several signers of the Declaration

of Independence

Kings Church (Loyalist Church)

Boston Massacre Site

Sam Adams Statute

Old North Church

TR’s Pew…

Union Bar- Union Oyster House

LOBSTER ROLL!

LOBSTER