applied environmental psychology

8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology

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Kaml h in h

DepartmentofHumanities&SocialSciences

,


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Tounderstandtheappliedaspectswewilldealwithsomee evantresearc papers;

Air Ion: Spatial Variation in Air Ion Concentrationsunder different Indoor Environments.

Effect of ne ative air ions on h siolo ical and

perceived psychological stress during computero eration.

Population Density & Mental Stress


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SpatialVariationinAirIonConcentrations

TermIon"comesfromtheGreekfor"traveler".,

Ionsaremoleculesthathavegainedorlostelectrical

charges. Therearetwokindofairionspresentintheenvironment

thatis ositiveairions PAI andne ativeairions NAI

whenthemoleculeloseelectronstheybecomespositivelychar edandwhen ainoneormoreelectronsthe becomesnegativelycharged,(Soyka & Edrnonds,1977)


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Negative Air Ions are said to be beneficial for

re uc ng e e ec o compu er or en e s ress,Psychological stress, asthma & bronchialdisease, migraines etc.

environmental conditions like humidity,

,etc. in the natural environment.

They vary significantly in different environment


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Cont

Methodology:

IITDelhiwhichdependsontheTemperatureandHumidityConditions.

Measures&Instruments:AirIonCounter,Appropriate

Results:(InConcentration)

=

MediumCategory (100200ions/cc)=PGLab/Carpentry.

ow ategory


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NAIandPs cholo ical&Perceivedstress: The effect of Negative Air Ions (NAI) exposure on physiological

computer operation.

Methodolo :Sub ects 20Em lo ees 12malesandei htfemales)participatedinthestudy.Theagerangewas2435years

withagemean28.9years.

3 Conditions

Control condition

Placebo condition

Experimental (therapeutic condition)


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Conditionno.1(controlcondition)

no.2(controlcondition

no.3(experimentalcondition)

placeboeffect)Condition

(airionsgeneratoron)

ConditionWhen

theairionWhentheairion

generatorwaskeptatWhentheairion

generatorwaskeptatgeneratorwasnotkeptatallintheir

a stanceo 1m romthepersonbutitwas

a stanceo 1m romthepersonandwas

, ,

testingwasdoneinnaturalconditions

.

subjectwaskeptunawareofthefact

.

thatthegeneratoris

not

switched

on.

This

was one oana yzethepsychological

onthesubject.


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Air Ions Generator was used to generate NAI for the

.Air Ion Counter

MonitoringDevices (Adigitaldevicethatmeasured

bloodpressureandpulserate) PerceivedStressQuestionnaire:Alongwithdemographic

information, questionsrelatedtocomputerorientedstress(fouritems)andpsyc o og ca s ress 13 ems wereprepare . ues onsre a e o epsychologicalstresshavemainlyfocusedinthepresentstudyonfrustration,irritability,uneasiness,anxiety,discomfort,inabilitytoconcentrate,timepressure,hopelessness,feelingoflackofcontrol andphysiologicalsymptoms,likeheadache,sweating,duringthelasttwohoursfeltbythesubjects.

significant differences.


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Results: Physiological parameters also indicated that blood

pressure and heart rates were reverted towards normalcyun er t erapeut c con t ons w en were

generated). eart eats was s gn cant y erent n t erapeut c

(experimental) condition (F = 6.0, p < 0.01). Subjects ins con on were av ng norma ear ra e

(Systole/Diastole Ratio) as compared to other conditions.

ompu eror en e s ressan psyc o og ca s resseswerealsosignificantlyreducedintherapeutic(experimental)

.

Therapeutic conditions where we introduce abundance of

psychological stress. (PDF)


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PopulationDensityandMentalStress

KamleshSingh&MuktaSingvi(20022004)

De iningcrow ing

Crowdingvs.density Socialdensityvs.spatialdensity

Insidedensit vs.outsidedensit


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Sampleandresearchdesign

A3x3factorialdesignwasusedtostudythreedifferentlevelseachofthetwoindependentvariablesi.e.inside

ens ty an outs e ens ty . usn negroups

were

formed

accordingly

and

30

adult

subjects

were

a en neac group.

Tocontrolthesexvariable,matchingwasdoneso15

ma e

an

15

ema e

su ec s

were

a en

n

eac

categorymakingatotalsampleof9x30 or270subjects.

economicstrataofthesociety.Thecriteriafor

,measuringinsideandoutsidedensityweretakenasfollowin .


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InsideDensity

S arseinside:Withinthiscriterionthose eo leweretaken

wholivedinsmallfamiliesi.e.14peopleinonehouse(theaveragesizeofthehousewas200squarefeetapproximately).

Moderateinside:Similarlypeoplewholivedinmediumsized

familiesi.e59personsperhousewastaken. Denseinside:Peoplewholivedinlargefamiliesi.e.10

ersonsandabovewithinahouseof200s uarefeetwas

taken.


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OutsideDensity

S arseoutside: Withinthiscriterionthose eo leweretaken

wholivedinhouses(200sq.feetapproximately)whichweresituatedinthoseresidentialareasinwhichtherewereonly120housesper10,000sq.meters(approximately).Theywere

takenfromtheoutskirts,whichwereconsideredtobethemostsparseareasofJaipur.

Moderateoutside:Similarlythosepeoplewholivedinhouses

whichweresituatedinthoseareasofJaipurcityinwhichtherewere2040housesper10,000sq.metersapprox mate ywereta en.

Dense

outside:

Within

this

criterion

those

people

were

taken

w o ve n ousess tuate nt oseres ent a areas nwhichtherewere40andmorehousesper10,000sq.meters

, . .

taken.


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Results

mentalstressrespectively,(psychologicalfactors,physicalfactorsaswellasdepression),

butoutsidedensityissignificantlyaffectingonlyonecomponent

ofmentalstress,i.e.psychologicalcomponent. Itdoesnotaffectphysicalcomponentanddepression,maybeduetothefactthatpsychologicalfactorsarefrequentlyandmosteasilyaffected,

affectedbyexternalproximity/density.

,thethreecomponentsrespectively.

B andlar e thefindin softhe resentstud brin outtheimportanceoftheroleofinsideandoutsidepopulationdensityonthethreedifferentcomponentsofmentalstress.


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SectionII:PersonalityDimensionsandFeelingofCrowdingase a ng ar a es n ns e ense reas

Thepurposeofthepresentinvesti ationwastoseetheeffectofpersonalitydimensionsandfeelingofcrowdingon

thevariouscomponentsofmentalstressinareasofhighinsidedensity.

Asampleof135coupleswasselectedrandomlyfromareasof

highinsidedensity. AtestofMentalStressbyPowell(2000),ScaleofFeelingof

CrowdingbyU.C.Jain(1983)andMaudsley Personality

Inventory

(MPI)

byEysenck (1959)

were

used

to

measure

t ementa stress, ee ingo crow ingan persona itydimensionsrespectively.


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Thenthesubjectswereclassifiedinto4groupsaccordingtothefollowingclassification:

HHHighfeelingofcrowding&extroverts,

LH Lowfeelingofcrowding&extroverts,I

E

HL Highfeelingofcrowding&introverts,

LL Lowfeelin ofcrowdin &introverts.

E

Similarlytheprocesswasrepeatedbytakingscoresoffeelingofcrowdin andtheneuroticismstabilit dimension.

Secondclassification:HH Highfeelingofcrowding&neuroticism LH Lowfeelin ofcrowdin &neuroticism

HL Highfeelingofcrowding&emotionallystable,

LL Lowfeelin ofcrowdin &emotionall stable.

Afterthesubjectswereclassifiedintothesegroups,theirm ntal tr r DVw r tak nan tati ti alanal i

wascarriedout.


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Onthebasisofpersonalitydimensionsandfeelingofcrowding,differentgroupswereidentifiedandthedifferentcomponentsof

menta stresswereta enast e epen ent varia es. Itwasfoundthatonlythepsychologicalandphysicalfactorsof

s resswerea verse ya ec e y g ee ngo crow ngan no thedepressionfactor.

,introvertsthaninextrovertsandpsychologicalandphysicalfactorswerenotaffectedb thedimensionofintroversion

extraversion.

Furthersubjectshighonneuroticismexperiencedmoredepressionandhadmoreofthepsychologicalaswellasthephysicalfactorsofstressthantheemotionallystablesubjects.

However,theinteractiveeffectoffeelingofcrowdingandextraversionintroversionaswellasfeelingofcrowdingand

componentsofmentalstress.


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SectionIII:PopulationDensityand

Thethirdindependentvariablestudiedwassex(C)andour

scores.TheFratioforsex(C)was4.63,whichwassignificant

femaleswere37.51and41.55respectively,whichshowsthatinourstud femaleshadhi hermentalstressthanmalesand

thismeandifferencewassignificantat0.05level. Twoassum tions

Spendmoretime inthehouse


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Thanks

applied environmental psychology

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