applications of rs/gis techniques in groundwater decontamination
DESCRIPTION
APPLICATIONS OF RS/GIS TECHNIQUES IN GROUNDWATER DECONTAMINATION. PARUL SHARMA AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY AMITY UNIVERSITY, MANESAR, HARYANA. POLLUTION-A PRIZE TAG OF MODERN SOCIETY. POLYMERS. DETERGENTS. PLASTICS. PAINTS. HEAVY METALS. FUELS. CARCINOGENS. DYES. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
APPLICATIONS OF RS/GIS TECHNIQUES IN GROUNDWATER DECONTAMINATION
PARUL SHARMAAMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
AMITY UNIVERSITY, MANESAR, HARYANA
POLLUTION-A PRIZE TAG OF MODERN SOCIETY
POLYMERS
PLASTICS
SOLVENTS
FUELS
DETERGENTS
DYES
PESTICIDES
CARCINOGENS
PAINTS
HEAVY METALS
Ground water
Major pathway into the body for contaminants
Easy to contaminate, difficult (costly) to remediate.
Extensive to transport.
Why worry about Ground Water Supplies?
ORIGIN OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
CONTAMINATIONAny physical, chemical, biological
or radiological substance or matter that has an adverse effect on air,
water or soil
POINT SOURCES(Radioactive waste disposal
Sites Landfills, storage tanks,
NON-POINT SOURCES(runoff from pesticides &
fertilizers applications)
ENDOSULFANEPISODE
LAND USE IMPACT ON GROUND WATER QUALITY
ILLEGAL DUMPING ILLICIT DISCHARGE
Contaminated groundwater may play a significant role in contaminating urban river system
Existing Scenario of Hazardous Waste Management ….
National Inventory of Hazardous Waste
2.7 MT (44%)
0.4 MT (7%)
3.1 MT (49%)
Landfillable Waste
Incinerable Waste
Recyclable Waste
Total annual hazardous waste generation = 6.2 MT
The Challenge
Using Geo-Spatial technique research to:
…Help clean up past environmental damage
…Correct present environmental problems
…Prevent future environmental impacts
OBJECTIVES
Identification and Risk Assessment by siting areas of groundwater contamination
Management of groundwater contamination by proper landfill siting.
Shift from Conventional to Sophisticated techniques
COMPONENTS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE
Environmental Sustainability
Economic Sustainability
Scio political Sustainability
UTILIZATION OF GIS DATA
GIS DATA
GRAPHIC DATA ATTRIBUTE DATA
VECTOR(tells about geographic location)
SATELLITE(tells about multi-dimensional photographs
GPS(tells about important landmarks
MCDM Analysis
GROUND WATER TABLE
GROUND WATER
QUALITY
LAND USE
HABITATION
GEOLOGY
AIR QUALITY INDEX
LAND USE
ELEVATIONFAULT-LINE
MULTI-CRITERIA DECESION MAKING ANALYSIS
CASE STUDIES Arsenic in Bangladesh Love Canal Chemical Waste Dump (USA) Cadmium (Epidemics in Japan)
ARSENIC IN BANGLADESH
20% of the countries wells affected 900,000 of the country's four million tubewells were
sunk with UNICEF assistance Estimated that the number of people exposed to arsenic
concentrations above 0.05 mg/l is 28-35 million (more than 0.01 mg/l is 46-57 million) (BGS, 2000)
Long-term exposure to arsenic via drinking-water causes cancer of the skin, lungs, urinary bladder, and kidney, as well as other skin changes such as pigmentation changes and thickening.
ARSENIC:THE KING OF POISION [USEPA, 2009]
SKIN LESIONS
Arsenic in Drinking Water in the US
Setting the Standard
2008: California toxicologist argues that US EPA standard for As in drinking water would constitute a 1:100 risk of cancer for lifetime consumption
LOVE CANAL EPISODE
• Landfill near Niagara Fall, New York.
• Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation put wastes in abandoned canal, covered it, deeded 16 acres to Niagara Falls Board of Education in 1953.
• 1976-Chemicals leaking into basements, contaminating groundwater.
• Environmental Emergency declared in 1978.
Japan (1980s) effluent (outflow) from a lead-
processing plant washed over adjacent rice paddies for many years rice accumulated high level of
Cd community was poor (and
therefore malnourished with respect to calcium)
acute toxicity: renal failure,anemia, severe muscle pain named "Itai-Itai" disease
("ouch, ouch")
Cadmium (Cd) Epidemics
Itai-itai victim
CONCLUSION
Today's GIS produces intelligent, relevant, and useful spatial (3D)information that achieves critical response missions. First responders deserve nothing less.
The need of the hour is to have scientifically designed landfill system in Indian cities so that ground water can be protected from being polluted.
GIS, a powerful risk assessment tool, is cost effective and can successfully mitigate and manage the problem of groundwater contamination
END NOTE
If a picture is worth a thousand words, then certainly an intelligent map is worth much more.
Come forth into the light of things, Let nature be your teacher William WordsworthWilliam Wordsworth
SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT