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Roll numbers:7,50,58,59,81,82,83,85,86

Topic: Applications of lanthanides

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Applications of lanthanides• Introduction to lanthanide series • Applications in glass polishing and ceramics• Applications of lanthanides in nuclear industry• Catalytic application of lanthanides• Applications in electronic industry• Applications in medical field• Applications in developing technology• Magnetic applications• In life science

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1...Introduction to lanthanides

The lanthanide  or lanthanoid  series of chemical elements comprises the fifteen metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium.  These fifteen lanthanide elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare earth elements.

The informal chemical symbol Ln is used in general discussions of lanthanide chemistry to refer to any lanthanide. All but one of the lanthanides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 4f electron shell; lutetium, a d-block element, is also generally considered to be a lanthanide due to its chemical similarities with the other fourteen. All lanthanide elements form trivalent cations, Ln3+, whose chemistry is largely determined by the ionic radius, which decreases steadily from lanthanum to lutetium.

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2...Applications in glass polishing and ceramics

Used to impart hardness, strength and inertness

Used to color ceramics and glass

Use in the production of red color on TV screens

Used to reduce glare

Used in the production of UV resistance glass

Used in the production of optical lenses

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3… Radio active behavior of lanthanides and applications

Used as beta source

Nuclear powered battery

In the production of electricity

Used as traces

In the treatment of cancer

In tomography

In radiotherapy

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4…Catalytic applications on lanthanides

To alter the electrophilicity of compounds

Use as bio fuel catalysts.

In fluidized-bed catalytic cracking 

In automobile-exhaust emission control.

In oil refining industry

Automotive catalytic converters.

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5…Applications in electronic industry

In the production of TV screens

Used to form silicon chips

long-life rechargeable batteries light emitting diodes (LEDs)

 compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)

Used to produce baggage scanner

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6…Applications of lanthanides in medical field

Magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) contrast agents

Portable x-ray machines

Nuclear medicine imaging

 For genetic screening tests

Medical and dental lasers

Cancer treatment applications

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7…Applications of lanthanides in developing technology

In the production of high temperature superconductors

Used to prepare highly reflective glass

Mercury-vapor lamps

 Nuclear fuel rods

Radar detection devices

In the production of Lasers, optical glass, fiber optics and masers

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8…Magnetic applications of lanthanides

 Radar in military applications

Used in hybrid cars Used as educational toys

propulsion systems

In the production of head phons and speakers

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9…Applications of lanthanides in life science

Used as traditional fluorophores   Minimizes prompt fluorescence interference

Time-resolved fluorometry (TRF)   fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)

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