application of oscilloscopes to metrology at...
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Application of Oscilloscopes to Metrology at NPL
Matthew HarperNational Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
27th ANAMET Meeting 10th April 2007
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Ultrafast work at NPL
• Calibration of sampling and real-time oscilloscopes– Rise-time and frequency domain– Non-linearity and timebase issues
• Calibration of pulse generators and oscilloscope calibrators– Rise-time and aberrations
• Calibration of photodiodes and photoreceivers• Power meter rise-time measurements• Jitter measurement and correction• Modulated signal measurements• Connection and delay characterisation
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Main focus: scope-based techniques
• Oscilloscope & pulse generator calibration – EOS calibration system
• Timebase corrections – IQ technique
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• Oscilloscope & pulse generator calibration – EOS calibration system
••• Timebase corrections Timebase corrections Timebase corrections ––– IQ techniqueIQ techniqueIQ technique
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Oscilloscope Calibration
Oscilloscope calibrates pulse generator
Pulse Generator calibrates oscilloscope
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Electro-Optic Effect
E∝∆θ
EOS bandwidth is > 600 GHz
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Photoconductive Pulse Generator
GaAs substrate
Lt-GaAs epilayer
Bias Voltage
Au metallisation
Pulses generated are < 1ps
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Electro-Optic Sampling System
Ti:Sapphire
OscilloscopeFliter & AmplifierSi photodectors
Function generator
AOM
Lock-in Amplifier
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Optoelectronic Calibration of Oscilloscope
EOS calibrates optically-generated
pulse
Optically-generated pulse calibrates
oscilloscope
Oscilloscope calibrates pulse generator
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Optoelectronic Calibration of Pulse Generator
Pulse Generator calibrates oscilloscope
EOS calibrates generator
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Traceability chain
NPL calibrated devices
EOS
Customer calibrated
devices (e.g. standards
labs)
End users
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Main focus of talk
••• Oscilloscope & pulse generator calibration Oscilloscope & pulse generator calibration Oscilloscope & pulse generator calibration ––– EOS EOS EOS calibration systemcalibration systemcalibration system
• Timebase corrections – IQ technique
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Principle of technique
Optical Sampling gate 1
Sampling gate 2
Sampling gate 3
Sampling gate 4
Trigger input
Sampling oscilloscope
Sampling gate 1
Sampling gate 2
Sampling gate 3
Sampling gate 4
Trigger inputTrigger
Signal A
Signal B
Signal C
Signal D
Jitter gate << Jitter trigger
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Principle of the technique
Obtain the phase information
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛=
2
1argref
ref
AmpAmp
Phase Corrected timing of another waveform
0 1 2 3 4 5 61
0.5
0
0.5
1
Points
corr
ecte
d IQ
Sig
nals
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Correction of waveform
• Two sinusoidal signals in quadrature allow sample time to be determined
• Determines timing of waveform measured in other channel
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Experimental layout
Optical Sampling gate 1
Sampling gate 2
Sampling gate 3
Sampling gate 4
Trigger input
Sampling oscilloscope
Sampling gate 1
Sampling gate 2
Sampling gate 3
Sampling gate 4
Trigger input
90° Hybrid splitter
90° Hybrid splitter
I signal
Q signalReference signal
Trigger signal
Measured signal
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IQ errors
Two identical signals, one in phase (I) the other in
quadrature (Q)
Plotted parametrically, a circle is produced
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IQ errors
Errors in offset, phase and amplitude will be present
These distort, translate and rotate the circle
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IQ errors
In real systems there will also be noise present
Noise ‘thickens’ the parametric plot
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Error correction
A
A
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Pulse application
Without timebase jitter compensation
79 mUI p-p
With timebase jitter compensation
38 mUI p-p
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RF application
10 MHz Reference
Sampling gate 1
Sampling gate 2
Sampling gate 3
Sampling gate 4
Trigger input
Synthesizer 1
90° Hybrid splitter
Synthesizer 2
Sampling gate 1
Sampling gate 2
Sampling gate 3
Sampling gate 4
Trigger input
Synthesizer 160 GHz
90° Hybrid splitter
Synthesizer 2
Sampling oscilloscope
10 GHz
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RF application
RF waveform correction
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Datacomms application
Eye diagram correction
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Ultrafast work at NPL
• Calibration of sampling and real-time oscilloscopes– Rise-time and frequency domain– Non-linearity and timebase issues
• Calibration of pulse generators and oscilloscope calibrators– Rise-time and aberrations
• Calibration of photodiodes and photoreceivers• Power meter rise-time measurements• Jitter measurement and correction• Modulated signal measurements• Connection and delay characterisation