application of gis in criminology and defence intelligence
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence IntelligenceM.R.RIFAS AHAMEDFACULTY OF GEOMATICSSABARAGAMUWA UNIVERSITY OF SRI [email protected]/ [email protected]
![Page 2: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CriminologyCriminology is the scientific discipline that studies the phenomena of crime and delinquency.Criminology has links to other sciences like biology, sociology, psychology, policing and geography.As early as the beginning of the 19th century, criminologists became aware of spatial patterns in criminal behavior. By mapping crime rates, these studies provided a series of important findings.Initially, environmental criminology concentrated on the development of theories and models, but during the late 1980s and 1990s concepts from geographical information system were applied by both researchers and practitioners on a large scale. This presentation provides a brief description of the evolving and expanding application of GIS in criminology and Defense Intelligence.
2
![Page 3: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Historical Overview of Crime Analysis Mapping
3
![Page 4: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Applying GIS Technology to Crime AnalysisIdentifying and highlighting suspicious incidents and events that may require further investigation.Supporting pattern and trend analysis across multiple jurisdictions.Enhancing the implementation of various policing methodologies to reduce overall crime and disorder.Educating the public with visual information to clarify crime concerns and enlist community action.Providing tools and techniques to capture crime series and forecast future crime occurrences.
4
![Page 5: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why does GIS need for Crime Analysis?Every crime problem is related to some location.That may be address, street, ZIP Code, or district.GIS can help to leverage the locational aspect of data to analyze, understand, and build solutions to the facing problems.GIS principles improve critical decision making in a rapidly changing environment and have a direct impact on the safety of citizens.Whether the problem is tactical, strategic, or administrative, any data containing location information can be displayed and analyzed using geographic information system.
5
![Page 6: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The role of “place” in crimeTwo key considerationsCrime has an inherent geographical qualityCrime is not randomly distributed
The four dimensions of crime Legal (a law must be broken) Victim (someone or something has to be targeted) Offender (someone has to do the crime) Spatial (it has to happen at a place - somewhere, in space and time)
6
![Page 7: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
GIS aids crime analysis
7
![Page 8: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Processed outputs, used to decision making..
HOT SPOT
8
![Page 9: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SPATIAL TREND EXCEPTIONAL REPORT
9
![Page 10: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
![Page 11: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Phoenix Violence Impact Project studied the effects of directed law enforcement efforts by analyzing crime in a specific area.
Image indicates a crime hotspot from October 2002 to June 2003
Image showsthe same area one year later
Image on the right shows the status of crime two years later
11
![Page 12: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Crime as elevation
In embedded image, high peaks denoting high rated crime spots
12
![Page 13: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Five types of crime analysisIntelligence analysisCriminal investigative analysisTactical crime analysisStrategic crime analysisAdministrative crime analysis
13
![Page 14: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Strategic Crime MappingLaw enforcement often suffers from limited resources. GIS can help efficiently and effectively match demands for service with service delivery.By knowing where problems are, it also provides a visual means to proactively combat crime and communicate with citizens to build support.
GIS can help to.. Understand events and dynamics in a neighborhood including persons, events, and crime hazards.Identify risk factors including businesses, buildings, or other locations that draw crime.Rapidly reconfigure beats and reallocate resources after analyzing crime trends over time.
14
![Page 15: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Develop plans for special crime abatement teams to address regional or seasonal hot spot locations.
Capture repeat call-for-service locations to apply additional help and resources.
Crime density and hot spots are analyzed by the Lincoln Police Department,Lincoln, Nebraska
15
![Page 16: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tactical Crime Mapping GIS supports defense needs in tactical crime mapping by providing a platform for,Analyzing crime data to identify crime patterns and series.Linking modus operandi and suspect information to specific crime locations.Providing investigative leads by aggregating data from multiple sources. Forecasting potential crime locations through spatial tools and techniques.Supporting operations plans and clarifying ideal deployment locations. Clearing cases by linking suspects to specific crimes after arrest.Continuous active monitoring of high-risk and convicted sex offenders.
16
![Page 17: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Criminal investigations Geographic profiling One of the biggest clues that an
offender leaves behind when they commit a crime is where the crime happened
Used to support an information management strategy for serial investigations
Identifying the probable address of serial offenders
17
![Page 18: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
GIS application using with Military purposesGIS is an increasingly important technology to the military.Spatial information has always been important to military commanders(an understanding of terrain, for example, is an essential military skill)Maps have been the principal mechanism for disseminating this knowledge and the ability to interpret a map the essence of understanding.The military is always seeking to improve capabilities in order to maintain a credible deterrent and increasingly to ensure efficient participation in peace-keeping missions.In the post-Cold War situation a key driver for international defense mapping agencies is their vastly increased area of interest.GIS have a key role to play in creating, editing, analyzing, querying, and displaying geographical data in order to help the commander understand the influence of terrain on the conduct of the battle.
18
![Page 19: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
![Page 20: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
![Page 22: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Newspaper Article related to tackling crimes with GIS..Written byNimal LewkeFormerly Senior DIG/ Commandant/ STF
22
![Page 23: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Latest Web Based development of GIS in Crime mapping..
FeaturesFreeAutomated data feedWorks with any RMS/CADEmail alertsunlimited historic dataHotspot mapsProximity searchData grid view of dataTemporal topology chartMetadata/data transparencyAccuracyAbility to upload data on any schedule
23
![Page 24: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Crime Mapping web based tool (www.crimemapping.com)
24
![Page 25: Application of GIS in Criminology and Defence Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061615/586fedd91a28ab92198b5a09/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thank You…