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APPLICATION OF GEOSPATIALTECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE

NATURAL RESOURCES AND NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

IN MALAYSIAIN MALAYSIA

By James Dawos Mamit, Ph.D.Deputy MinisterDeputy MinisterMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia

1Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva

Total Land Area: 330,290 sq. km13 States & 3 Federal Territories

Sabah

13 States & 3 Federal Territories

Sarawak

Peninsular

Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial 2014, Geneva

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For identifying abundance and locations of For identifying abundance and locations of natural resources.For determining strategic plan and sound For determining strategic plan and sound management practices for extraction of natural resources.natural resources.For identifying impacts of exploitation of natural resources on environmental health.For expedient and quick decisions and For expedient and quick decisions and actions.


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Natural Resources inMalaysiaMalaysia


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Mineral ResourceMineral Resource

Forest ResourceForest Resource

Water ResourceIntewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva5

Peninsular Malaysia: 5.789 mil. ha.5.789 mil. ha.Sabah: 4.436 mil. ha.Sarawak: 10.095 mil. ha.Sarawak: 10.095 mil. ha.Total: 20.312 mil. ha.Permanent Forest Reserve: 12.739 mil. ha.Peninsular 4.793 mil. ha.,Sabah 4.337 mil. ha., Sarawak 4.387 mil. ha.


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Mangrove ForestMangrove ForestBeach/Littoral ForestForestPeat Swamp ForestLowland Mixed Dipterocarp ForestDipterocarp ForestHill Mixed Dipterocarp ForestDipterocarp ForestMontane and Sub-Montane ForestMontane Forest


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Forest Industry contributed USD6.73 bil.Forest Industry contributed USD6.73 bil.to GDP and availed job opportunities to

500,000 Malaysians in 2012 500,000 Malaysians in 2012 Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva8

Over-exploitation inOver-exploitation inlicensed concession areasconcession areas

Illegal ForestIllegal ForestHarvesting:647 cases till 2013,647 cases till 2013,Incurring lossesUSD10.91 mil.USD10.91 mil.


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RemotenessRemotenessand

InaccessibilityInaccessibility


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Metals:BauxiteGold

Non-Metals:Rock AggregatesGold

IlmeniteIron Ore

AggregatesClayCoal

ManganeseRare EarthRutile

CoalFeldsparKaoliniteLimestoneRutile

TinSilverStruverite

LimestoneMicaSand andGravelsStruverite

ZirkonGravelsSilica SandIntewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva11

• Silica Sand 155,800,000 m/tons• Kaolinite 117,180,000 m/tons• Kaolinite 117,180,000 m/tons• Coal 970,570,000 m/tons• Iron Ores 50,000,00 m/tons• Iron Ores 50,000,00 m/tons


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Industry Performance:

Mining and Mining and Quarrying Sector contributed contributed USD2.09 bil. or 1.06% to GDP in 1.06% to GDP in 2011 289 mines in 2011289 mines in 20117,053 workersIntewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva13


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Most valuable Most valuable natural asset to humansasset to humans


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Annual Rainfall: 990 bil. m3

Surface Runoff: 566 bil. m3Surface Runoff: 566 bil. mEvapo-transpiration: 360 bil. m3

Groundwater Recharge: 64 bil. m3Groundwater Recharge: 64 bil. mSurface Artificuial Storage: 25 bil. m3

(Dams)(Dams)Groundwater Storage: 5,000 bil. m3

(Aquifers)Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva

(Aquifers)

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Climate ChangeClimate ChangeUnplanned developmentsUncontrolled physical

Polluted andDegradedUncontrolled physical

activities by individuals andgroups

DegradedQualitygroups

Unethical actionsIntewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva17

Current River Water Pollution:Out of 464 rivers,Out of 464 rivers,

59% clean34% polluted34% polluted7% severely polluted


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Putative relationship between forests and rainfall, i.e., decline in forest cover causes disruption in rainfall regimes (4% decline).Soil is less protected from torrential rains in denuded areas, causing severe surface run-offs and erosion.Much higher daily variation in ground temperature in denuded areas.


Biodiversity loss. 19

Impact of Forest Exploitation on Hydrological SystemHydrological System

High river sedimentation loads and turbidity;landslides can increase river sediment loads landslides can increase river sediment loads by 5- to 50-fold directly after logging.Elevated sediment loads impair fish habitat, Elevated sediment loads impair fish habitat, heighten flood risk downstream, alter

river-flow direction and speed, and increaseriver-flow direction and speed, and increasecosts of treatment for potable water Supplies.


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Discharge of mine effluent into rivers.Seepage from tailings and waste rock Seepage from tailings and waste rock impoundments.Sedimentation of rivers caused by poorly Sedimentation of rivers caused by poorly built roads during exploration and mine construction.construction.Various chemicals for processing finely ground ore-tailings discharfed into rivers.


ground ore-tailings discharfed into rivers.

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Remoteness and Inaccessibility:Remoteness and Inaccessibility:How and what to do???Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva22

Geospatial technology isan essential componentan essential componentof Natural ResourcesManagement Tools, asManagement Tools, asnatural resources aredirectly affected bydirectly affected bychanges in the shapeand extent of theand extent of theproposed disturbances.


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The methods used for the measurement, The methods used for the measurement, analysis and visualization of features and phenomena that occur on Earth.phenomena that occur on Earth.Three commonly used technologies:

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)Global Positioning Systems (GPS)Geographical Information Systems (GIS)(GIS)Remote Sensing (RS)Remote Sensing (RS)


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Geospatial technologies provide the means Geospatial technologies provide the means to integrate diverse datasets based on their geospatial attributes, thus allowing for geospatial attributes, thus allowing for holistic analysis.Geospatial technologies make it possible to Geospatial technologies make it possible to observe remote and inaccessible places, thus making accurate and timely spatially distributed datasets readily available (eg., distributed datasets readily available (eg., open burning).


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GPS is a network ofGPS is a network of2 dozens satellites, transmitting signalstransmitting signalsto GPS receivers, allowing them to allowing them to determine location, direction and speed.direction and speed.

Geodetic control for surveying, engineering, mapping…USES engineering, mapping…Cadastr survey

USESIntewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva26

Forest Resource and Environment:Land area and coverage, soil types, species Land area and coverage, soil types, species composition, topography, hydrography, infrastructure, rainfall.infrastructure, rainfall.

Mineral Resource:Land area, soil chemistry, topography, rock formations and physical properties.formations and physical properties.

Water Resource: Hydrography, aquifers and ground water, Hydrography, aquifers and ground water, topography. Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva27

Science and Techniques of obtaining geospatialScience and Techniques of obtaining geospatialinformation about a phenomenon without in

contact with it (e.g., flood)contact with it (e.g., flood)


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RS Applications for Natural ResourcesManagementManagement

FORESTRY: MINING: WATERFORESTRY: Identifying forest types and Species

MINING:Identifying rock formations

WATERRESOURCE:

Determination of water and Species

Estimating timber

formations and mineralsEstimating

water boundaries andsurface areastimber

volume and yield

Estimating mineral reserves

surface areasMapping of floods yield reserves floods and flood plainsENVIRONMENT: Monitoring

land degradation and pollution, water pollution, land degradation and pollution, water pollution, air pollution, open burning, impact of natural disasters…


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Over-exploitation.Non-compliance toNon-compliance toForest Management Plan and LoggingPlan and LoggingPrescriptions, suchas prescribed as prescribed uration oflogging, cutting logging, cutting cycle, tree size.Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva30

State of SarawakState of SarawakScenario


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Determining productivity, productivity, safety hazard issues, compliance to laws compliance to laws and regulations, adherence to work adherence to work Plans.


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Determining quantity and quality Determining quantity and quality Intewrnational Conference on Geospatial

2014, Geneva33

Knowledge, represented by using and analysing a series of geospatial information datasets.datasets.Geospatial information that are the sum of our intepretation and synthesis of datasets.intepretation and synthesis of datasets.We cannot provide relevant geospatial information without fundamental datasets, including interrelationship between these including interrelationship between these datasets, the management of datasets, and the means of accessing and distributing those means of accessing and distributing those datasets.


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Land degradation, TerrestrialLand degradation,Natural disasters,Biodiversity loss.

TerrestrialEcosystem

Biodiversity loss.

Water Quality:

59% clean,Inland Water

59% clean,34% polluted,7% severly polluted.

Inland WaterAquaticEcosystem

7% severly polluted. Ecosystem


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Using Geospatial Information to Develop Integrated Management to Develop Integrated Management

Plan for Natural Resources andEnvironmentEnvironment

Geospatial technologies are used for Geospatial technologies are used for inventory, delineation and mapping of natural resources:natural resources:

Production ForestsProtected Areas and WetlandsProtected Areas and WetlandsWildlife ReservesMining Sites and Mineral ReservesMining Sites and Mineral ReservesWater Resource and Pollution


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Utilization of Geospatial of Geospatial Technologies is based on:is based on:

Types of information information to be deliveredUsers needsUsers needs


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Geospatial Technologies are vital for Sustainable Management of Natural Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and the Environment for purposes of expedient and accurate purposes of expedient and accurate

decision-making


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