apple suppliers responsibility 2012 progress report

8/3/2019 Apple Suppliers Responsibility 2012 Progress Report

1/27

Ewwnk Q{wwnokr

Rkqw`cqobono}y2752 Wr`hrkqq Rkw`r}


2/27

2Ewwnk Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y

2752 Wr`hrkqq Rkw`r}

A`c}kc}q

Wehk 1 Ewwnk ecm Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y

Wehk ; Ewwnkq E{mo}och Wr`akqq

Wehk < Neb`r ecm D{jec Rohd}q

E{mo} Rkq{n}q

A`rk \o`ne}o`cq

Neb`r Oco}oe}o|kq

Wehk 52 X`rfkr Dken}d ecm Qelk}y

E{mo} Rkq{n}q

A`rk \o`ne}o`cq

X`rfoch xo}d A`jb{q}obnk M{q}

Wehk 5< Kc|or`cjkc}en Ojwea}

Qwkaoenokm Kc|or`cjkc}en E{mo}q

E{mo} Rkq{n}q

A`rk \o`ne}o`cq

Wehk 22 K}doaq

E{mo} Rkq{n}q

A`rk \o`ne}o`cq

Wehk 2= Jecehkjkc} Qyq}kjq

E{mo} Rkq{n}q

Wehk 2< X`rfkr Km{ae}o`c ecm Mk|kn`wjkc}

QKKM Wr`hrej Ktwecqo`c


3/27



Ewwnk ecm Q{wwnokrRkqw`cqobono}y

Ewwnk oq a`jjo}}km }` mro|och }dk dohdkq} q}ecmermq l`r qàoen rkqw`cqobono}y

}dr`{hd`{} `{r q{wwny beqk# Xk rku{ork }de} `{r q{wwnokrq wr`|omk qelk x`rfoch

a`cmo}o`cq. }rke} x`rfkrq xo}d mohco}y ecm rkqwka}. ecm {qk kc|or`cjkc}enny

rkqw`cqobnk jec{lea}{roch wràkqqkq xdkrk|kr Ewwnk wr`m{a}q erk jemk#

@{r q{wwnokrq j{q} no|k {w }` Ewwnkq Q{wwnokr A`mk `l A`cm{a} eq e a`cmo}o`c

`l mòch b{qockqq xo}d {q# Mrexoch `c oc}krce}o`cenny rka`hcokm q}ecmermq. `{r

A`mk neyq `{} Ewwnkq ktwka}e}o`cq oc }dk erkeq `l neb`r ecm d{jec rohd}q. x`rfkr

dken}d ecm qelk}y. }dk kc|or`cjkc}en ojwea}. k}doaq. ecm jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq#

Xk ocqoq} }de} `{r jec{lea}{roch wer}ckrq l`nn`x }doq A`mk. ecm xk jefk q{rk

}dky m` by a`cm{a}och roh`r`{q e{mo}q xo}d }dk dknw `l ocmkwkcmkc} ktwkr}q# Ol

jec{lea}{rkrq m`c} no|k {w }` `{r q}ecmermq. xk q}`w x`rfoch xo}d }dkj#

Ewwnkq e{mo} wr`hrej rkeadkq enn nk|knq `l `{r q{wwny adeoc. ocan{moch cen

eqqkjbny ecm a`jw`ckc} q{wwnokrq# Xk a`c}oc{k }` ktwecm `{r wr`hrej }`

rkead mkkwkr oc}` `{r q{wwny beqk. ecm }doq yker xk enq` emmkm j`rk mk}eonkm

ecm qwkaoenokm e{mo}q }` emmrkqq qelk}y ecm kc|or`cjkc}en a`cakrcq#

Xk fc`x }de} cmoch ecm a`rrka}och wr`bnkjq oq c`} kc`{hd# Ewwnk*mkqohckm}reococh wr`hrejq km{ae}k x`rfkrq eb`{} nàen nexq. }dkor l{cmejkc}en rohd}q eq

x`rfkrq. àa{we}o`cen dken}d ecm qelk}y. ecm Ewwnkq Q{wwnokr A`mk `l A`cm{a}#

]`mey }dkrk erk j`rk }dec `ck jonno`c wk`wnk xd` fc`x }dkor rohd}q bkae{qk

}dky xkc} }` x`rf l`r ec Ewwnk q{wwnokr#

Xk erk enxeyq n``foch l`r xeyq }` jefk `{r wr`hrej k|kc q}r`chkr ecm j`rk

}recqwerkc}# Ewwnk rkakc}ny bkaejk }dk rq} }kadc`n`hy a`jwecy eaakw}km by

}dk Leor Neb`r Eqqàoe}o`c $LNE/. ecm xk n``f l`rxerm }` x`rfoch xo}d }dkj# Xdonk

xk de|k x`rfkm xo}d }dorm*wer}y e{mo}`rq l`r qk|kren ykerq. Ewwnk xonn enq` `wkc

o}q q{wwny adeoc }` }dk LNEq ocmkwkcmkc} e{mo}och }kej. xd` xonn jkeq{rk `{r

q{wwnokrq wkrl`rjecak eheocq} }dk LNEq X`rfwneak A`mk `l A`cm{a} ecm }dk

rkq{n}q xonn ewwker `c }dkor xkbqo}k# O}q e nk|kn `l }recqwerkcay ecm ocmkwkcmkc}

`|krqohd} }de} oq {cje}adkm oc `{r ocm{q}ry#

Oc emmo}o`c }` }doq rkw`r}. xk erk w{bnoqdoch e noq} `l Ewwnkq nkemoch q{wwnokrq `c

`{r Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y xkbqo}k# ]dkqk 5;< a`jwecokq eaa`{c} l`r j`rk }dec

?8 wkrakc} `l xde} xk wey }` q{wwnokrq }` jec{lea}{rk `{r wr`m{a}q#

Ewwnk Q{wwnokr A`mk `l A`cm{a}

]dk Ewwnk Q{wwnokr A`mk `l A`cm{a} qwknnq

`{} rkqw`cqobnk wrea}oakq oc }dk l`nn`xoch

erkeq9

Neb`r ecm d{jec rohd}q

X`rfkr dken}d ecm qelk}y

Kc|or`cjkc}en ojwea}

K}doaq

Jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq

Nkerc j`rk eb`{} Ewwnk ecm Q{wwnokr

Rkqw`cqobono}y. ocan{moch }dk kc}ork A`mk.

e} xxx#ewwnk#a`jq{wwnokrrkqw`cqobono}y#
http://www.apple.com/supplierresponsibility/reports.htmlhttp://www.apple.com/supplierresponsibility/reports.html


4/27

=Ewwnk Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y


@}dkr dohdnohd}q `l }doq ykerq rkw`r} ocan{mk9

Ewwnkq Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y }kej a`cm{a}km e }`}en `l 22? e{mo}qec 47

wkrakc} ocarkeqk `|kr 2757# J`rk }dec 577 `l }dkqk xkrk e} lea}`rokq }de} xk dem

c`} e{mo}km bkl`rk# Leaono}okq xdkrk xk a`cm{a} rkwke} e{mo}q a`cqoq}kc}ny qd`x

lkxkr |o`ne}o`cq. ecm }dk |eq} jei`ro}y ojwr`|k }dkor e{mo} qa`rkq yker*`|kr*yker# Ewwnkq e{mo}q de|k enxeyq adkafkm l`r a`jwnoecak xo}d kc|or`cjkc}en q}ecmermq#

]doq yker. oc emmo}o`c }` `{r q}ecmerm e{mo}q. xk a`cm{a}km qwkaoenokm kc|or`c*

jkc}en e{mo}q e} 5= q{wwnokrq oc Adoce }` emmrkqq qwkaoa a`cakrcq# @{r }kej

br`{hd} oc }dorm*wer}y kc|or`cjkc}en kchockkroch ktwkr}q xd` moqa`|krkm e

c{jbkr `l |o`ne}o`cq# Xk de|k bkkc x`rfoch xo}d `{r q{wwnokrq }` a`rrka} }dkqk

oqq{kq. ecm xk xonn a`c}oc{k }` b{onm `c }doq wr`hrej `l qwkaoenokm kc|or`cjkc}en

e{mo}q oc }dk a`joch yker#

Ewwnkq x`rfkr kjw`xkrjkc} wr`hrej rkeadkm e jei`r jonkq}`ck eq }dk `ck*

jonno`c}d wer}oaowec} a`jwnk}km }reococh }doq yker# ]dr`{hd }doq wr`hrej. x`rfkrq

nkerc eb`{} `{r A`mk `l A`cm{a}. }dkor rohd}q eq x`rfkrq. `aa{we}o`cen dken}d ecm

qelk}y q}ecmermq. ecm j`rk#

Xk ktwecmkm Ewwnkq Q{wwnokr Kjwn`ykk Km{ae}o`c ecm Mk|kn`wjkc} $QKKM/

wr`hrej }` enn cen eqqkjbny leaono}okq# ]doq wr`hrej `krq x`rfkrq }dk `ww`r}{*

co}y }` }efk lrkk aneqqkq `c e rechk `l q{bika}q ocan{moch cecak. a`jw{}kr

qfonnq. ecm Kchnoqd# J`rk }dec


5/27

;Ewwnk Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y


Ewwnk kcq{rkq `{r q{wwnokrq a`jwny xo}d }dk Q{wwnokr A`mk `l A`cm{a} }dr`{hd

e roh`r`{q wr`hrej `l `cqo}k e{mo}q e} `{r q{wwnokrq leaono}okq# Ec Ewwnk e{mo}`r

nkemq k|kry e{mo}. q{ww`r}km by nàen }dorm*wer}y e{mo}`rq# Kead `l }dkqk ktwkr}q

oq }d`r`{hdny }reockm }` {qk Ewwnkq mk}eonkm wr`}à`n ecm }` eqqkqq rku{orkjkc}q

qwkaokm oc `{r A`mk#

M{roch }dk e{mo}. Ewwnk ar`qq*rklkrkcakq me}e lr`j j{n}ownk q`{rakq# Xk rk|okx

d{cmrkmq `l rka`rmq ecm a`cm{a} wdyqoaen ocqwka}o`cq `l jec{lea}{roch leaono}okq eq

xknn eq lea}`ry*jecehkm m`rjo}`rokq ecm mococh erkeq# Xk enq` a`cm{a} oc}kr|okxq

xo}d x`rfkrq ecm jecehkrq oc rknk|ec} l{ca}o`cen erkeq#

@{r e{mo}`rq hremk }dk leaono}yq nk|kn `l a`jwnoecak xo}d k|kry nock o}kj oc }dk A`mk

j`rk }dec 577 qwkaoa erkeq# E} }dk qejk }ojk. xk k|en{e}k }dk q}rkch}d `l }dk

{cmkrnyoch jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq ecm omkc}oly erkeq l`r ojwr`|kjkc}# Jecehkjkc}

qyq}kjq ocan{mk w`noaokq ecm wràkm{rkq. anker r`nkq ecm rkqw`cqobono}okq. ecm }reoc*

och wr`hrejq l`r x`rfkrq. nock q{wkr|oq`rq. ecm jecehkrq#

K|kry yker. xk e{mo} enn cen eqqkjbny jec{lea}{rkrq# Xk enq` ocqwka} e c{jbkr

`l leaono}okq mkkwkr oc `{r q{wwny adeoc }` jefk q{rk }dky erk a`jwnyoch xo}d `{rq}ecmermq# Xk qknka} }dkqk q{wwnokrq beqkm `c e c{jbkr `l lea}`rq ocan{moch }dk

a`{c}ry oc xdoad }dk leaono}y oq nàe}km. weq} e{mo} wkrl`rjecak. ecm }dk }ywk `l

x`rf wkrl`rjkm e} }dk leaono}y# Xk e{mo} }dk q{wwnokrq xo}d }dk dohdkq} roqf lea}`rq.

xdkrk `{r cmochq ecm rkq{n}och ea}o`c wnecq aec jefk }dk bohhkq} mokrkcak }`

}dk x`rfwneak. x`rfkrq. ecm }dk kc|or`cjkc}#

Ewwnk rk|okxq enn e{mo} cmochq xo}d }dk leaono}yq qkco`r jecehkjkc} }kej# Xdkc

e |o`ne}o`c oq l`{cm. xk rku{ork }dk leaono}y }` ojwnkjkc} e a`rrka}o|k ea}o`c wnec

}de} emmrkqqkq }dk qwkaoa |o`ne}o`c. eq xknn eq }dk {cmkrnyoch jecehkjkc} qyq}kj#

Xk mro|k l`r }dk ojwnkjkc}e}o`c `l enn a`rrka}o|k ecm wrk|kc}o|k ea}o`c wnecq xo}doc

?7 meyq el}kr }dk e{mo} cmochq#

Ewwnk a`cqomkrq }dk j`q} qkro`{q brkead `l a`jwnoecak }` bk e a`rk |o`ne}o`c# A`rk

|o`ne}o`cq ocan{mk {cmkrehk `r oc|`n{c}ery neb`r. lenqoae}o`c `l e{mo} je}kroenq.

x`rfkr kcmechkrjkc}. oc}ojome}o`c r rk}enoe}o`c eheocq} x`rfkrq wer}oaowe}och

oc ec e{mo}. ecm qohcoaec} }drke}q }` }dk kc|or`cjkc}# Enn a`rk |o`ne}o`cq j{q} bk

rkjkmokm ojjkmoe}kny. q`jk}ojkq xo}d }dk dknw `l ktwkr} a`cq{n}ec}q# K|kry yker.

xk rke{mo} enn q{wwnokrq xdkrk a`rk |o`ne}o`cq àa{rrkm#

Ewwnkq hèn oq }de} k|kry q{wwnokr a`jwnokq xo}d `{r A`mk# Xk wkrl`rj e

|kroae}o`c e{mo} }` a`crj }de} ea}o`cq de|k bkkc rkq`n|km. ecm xk a`nneb`re}k

xo}d }dk q{wwnokr {c}on oqq{kq erk l{nny emmrkqqkm# D`xk|kr. ol e q{wwnokrq ea}o`cq

m` c`} jkk} `{r mkjecmq. Ewwnk xonn }krjoce}k }dk b{qockqq rkne}o`cqdow#

Ewwnkq E{mo}och Wràkqq

Q{rwroqk e{mo}q

Oc emmo}o`c }` rkh{nerny qadkm{nkm e{mo}q

e} `{r q{wwnokrq. xk a`cm{a} e c{jbkr

`l q{rwroqk e{mo}q k|kry yker# E q{rwroqk

e{mo} oq xdkc `{r }kej |oqo}q e q{wwnokr

{cecc`{cakm ecm ocqoq}q `c ocqwka}och

}dk leaono}y ecm jkk}och xo}d kjwn`ykkq

ojjkmoe}kny# Enn q{rwroqk e{mo}q j{q} bkhoc

xo}doc }dk d`{r `l `{r erro|en# M{roch `{r

rkh{ner e{mo}q. xk jey enq` eqf e q{wwnokr

}` ojjkmoe}kny qd`x {q w`r}o`cq `l e

leaono}y }de} erk c`} qadkm{nkm l`r rk|okx#

Xo}d e a`jboce}o`c `l rkh{ner e{mo}q ecm

{cecc`{cakm e{mo}q. xkrk x`rfoch }` jefk

q{rk `{r q{wwnokrq erk c`} i{q} qd`xoch {q

xde} }dky xec} {q }` qkk#


6/27


7/27



E{mo} Rkq{n}q

Kead yker. Ewwnk e{mo}q q{wwnokrq oc kohd} erkeq rkne}och }` neb`r ecm d{jec

rohd}q# Xk n``f l`r a`jwnoecak `l b`}d }dkor wrea}oakq ecm jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq#

Neb`r ecm d{jec rohd}q 2755 e{mo} me}e

Ae}kh`ry Wrea}oakq oc a`jwnoecak Jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq oc wneak

Ec}omoqarojoce}o`c 84+


8/27



X`rfoch d`{rq

Ewwnkq A`mk qk}q e jetoj{j `l


9/27

?Ewwnk Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y


A`rk \o`ne}o`cq

Oc emmo}o`c }` oqq{kq l`{cm oc `{r q}ecmerm e{mo}q. `{r q{wwnokr rkqw`cqobono}y

wr`hrej moqa`|krkm }dk l`nn`xoch a`rk |o`ne}o`cq oc q{wwnokr neb`r ecm d{jec

rohd}q wrea}oakq# Xdkc e a`rk |o`ne}o`c oq l`{cm. q{wwnokrq erk w{} `c wr`be}o`c

ecm rku{orkm }` ojjkmoe}kny emmrkqq }dk |o`ne}o`c# K|kry yker. xk rke{mo} ennq{wwnokrq xo}d a`rk |o`ne}o`cq# ]dk l`nn`xoch ader} qd`xq }dk a`rk |o`ne}o`cq

ecm }dk ea}o`cq xk rku{orkm oc rkqw`cqk#

2755 neb`r ecm d{jec rohd}q a`rk |o`ne}o`cq ecm ea}o`cq

Leaono}okq \o`ne}o`c Ewwnk Rkqw`cqk

Oc|`n{c}ery neb`r

2 leaono}okq Rkwke} `kcmkrq Xk }krjoce}km b{qockqq xo}d ck

q{wwnokr ecm erk a`rrka}och }dk wrea}oakq

`l }dk }dkr q{wwnokr#

5; leaono}okq Xk moqa`|krkm l rkohc a`c}rea}

x`rfkrq xd` dem weom ktakqqo|krkar{o}jkc} lkkq }` neb`r ehkcaokq#

Xk rku{orkm q{wwnokrq }` rkojb{rqk ecy

lkkq }de} ktakkmkm Ewwnkq nojo}q# Oc 2755.-1#1 jonno`c xeq rkojb{rqkm. brochoch

}dk }`}en }de} deq bkkc rkweom }` x`rfkrq

qocak 2774 }` -


10/27



Wrk|kc}och Doroch l [cmkrehk X`rfkrq

Ewwnk m`kq c`} }`nkre}k ecy ocq}ecak `l {cmkrehk neb`r# Xdk}dkr xk moqa`|kr

ea}o|k x`rfkrq `r doq}`roaen aeqkq $x`rfkrq xd` dem ko}dkr nkl} `r dem rkeadkm

nkhen x`rfoch ehk by }dk }ojk `l }dk e{mo}/. xk aneqqoly }dkqk eq a`rk |o`ne}o`cq#

Ewwnk mkjecmq ojjkmoe}k a`rrka}o|k ea}o`cq ecm rku{orkq q{wwnokrq }` t

}dkor jecehkjkc} wrea}oakq }` wrk|kc} l{}{rk àa{rrkcakq#

Xk enq` rku{ork q{wwnokrq }` rk}{rc {cmkrehk x`rfkrq }` qad``n ecm cecak }dkor

km{ae}o`c }dr`{hd `{r Adonm Neb`r Rkjkmoe}o`c wr`hrej# [cmkr }doq wr`hrej.

adonmrkc rk}{rckm }` qad``n erk kc}o}nkm }` lrkk km{ae}o`c. a`c}oc{och oca`jk

e} }dk qejk nk|kn }dky rkako|km xdkc }dky xkrk x`rfoch. ecm }dkor adòak `l

qad``nq# Xk x`rf xo}d werkc}q ecm h{ermoecq }` mkqohc qwkaoa km{ae}o`cen

wr`hrejq }` jkk} kead adonmq ckkmq#

]` q}rkch}dkc q{wwnokr doroch qyq}kjq ecm qelkh{erm }dkj eheocq} l{}{rk {cmkrehk

doroch. xk oqq{km e ckx q}ecmerm `c Wrk|kc}o`c `l [cmkrehk Neb`r# ]dk q}ecmerm

rku{orkq q{wwnokrq }` jeoc}eoc r`b{q} mà{jkc}e}o`c ecm ehk |kroae}o`c wr`*

akm{rkq. wkrq`cckn rka`rmq. ecm qyq}kjq l`r a`jj{coae}och neb`r w`noaokq ear`qq

}dkor leaono}okq ecm xo}d }dorm*wer}y rkar{o}krq# ]dk q}ecmerm enq` d`nmq `{r q{wwnokrqeaa`{c}ebnk l`r ehkcaokq ecm qad``nq wr`|omoch x`rfkrq }` }dkj# Xk brèmkckm

`{r wr`hrej }` }reoc q{wwnokrq oc ojwnkjkc}e}o`c `l }dk ckx q}ecmerm. mkno|kroch

}reococh }` q}e e} 277 q{wwnokrq#

]doq yker. `{r e{mo}q `l cen eqqkjbny q{wwnokrq l`{cm c` aeqkq `l {cmkrehk neb`r#

Xdonk xk erk kca`{rehkm by }dkqk rkq{n}q. xk xonn a`c}oc{k rkh{ner e{mo}q ecm h`

k|kc mkkwkr oc}` `{r q{wwny adeoc }` kcq{rk }de} }dkrk erk c` {cmkrehk x`rfkrq

e} ecy Ewwnk q{wwnokr#

Emmrkqqoch Ktakqqo|k X`rf D`{rq

Xk a`c}oc{k }` emmrkqq ktakqqo|k x`rfoch d`{rq. ecm }doq deq bkkc e adennkchk

}dr`{hd`{} }dk doq}`ry `l `{r wr`hrej# Xdonk }doq wr`bnkj oq c`} {cou{k }`

Ewwnk. xk a`c}oc{k }` hd} o}# Ewwnk nojo}q lea}`ry x`rfoch d`{rq }` e jetoj{j`l


11/27



A`cfloa}*Lrkk Q`{raoch `l Kt}rea}o|kq

Ewwnkq a`jjo}jkc} }` qàoen rkqw`cqobono}y kt}kcmq }` }dk q`{rak `l rex je}kroenq

{qkm oc }dk jec{lea}{roch `l `{r wr`m{a}q# Xk rku{ork }de} `{r q{wwnokrq `cny {qk

je}kroenq }de} de|k bkkc wrà{rkm }dr`{hd e a`coa}*lrkk wràkqq ecm lr`j q`{rakq

}de} emdkrk }` `{r q}ecmermq `l d{jec rohd}q ecm kc|or`cjkc}en wr`}ka}o`c#

Ewwnk oq }efoch j{n}ownk q}kwq }` }eafnk }doq adennkchk# Xk erk x`rfoch xo}d }dk

Knka}r`coaq Ocm{q}ry Ao}okcqdow Aèno}o`c $KOAA/ ecm }dk Hn`ben k*Q{q}eocebono}y

Oco}oe}o|k $HkQO/ oc ec ocm{q}ry*xomk k`r} }` }reoc ecm akr}oly qjkn}krq `l }dkqk

jk}enq eq bkoch a`coa}*lrkk }dr`{hd e roh`r`{q ocmkwkcmkc} }dorm*wer}y

e{mo} wràkqq enohckm xo}d }dk @rhecoqe}o`c l`r Ka`c`joa A`*`wkre}o`c ecm

Mk|kn`wjkc} $@KAM/ h{omknockq# ]dkqk e{mo}q ocan{mk e a`jwrkdkcqo|k rk|okx

`l b{qockqq ecm wrà{rkjkc} qyq}kjq eq xknn eq ocqwka}o`c `l mà{jkc}e}o`c

`l rex je}kroen w{radeqkq ecm oc|kc}`ry }` kcq{rk }dk ebqkcak `l a`coa}km

jockrenq# Eq }dk KOAAHkQO oco}oe}o|k a`jwnk}kq qjkn}kr e{mo}q oc }ec}en{j. }oc.

}{chq}kc. ecm h`nm. xk xonn rku{ork `{r q{wwnokrq }` q`{rak lr`j }dkqk a`coa}*

lrkk akr}okm qjkn}krq#

Ewwnk xeq `ck `l }dk rq} jei`r knka}r`coaq a`jwecokq }` a`jwnk}kny jew o}qq{wwny adeoc oc `rmkr }` }reak }dk je}kroenq {qkm oc `{r wr`m{a}q beaf }` }dkor

q`{rak# Qocak xk bkhec }doq k`r}. xk de|k omkc}okm 254 Ewwnk q{wwnokrq }de} {qk

}ec}en{j. }oc. }{chq}kc. `r h`nm }` jec{lea}{rk a`jw`ckc}q l`r Ewwnk wr`m{a}q

ecm }dk 58; qjkn}krq }dky q`{rak lr`j. br`fkc `{} eq qd`xc oc }dk l`nn`xoch }ebnk#

]ec}en{j. }oc. }{chq}kc. ecm h`nm oc }dk Ewwnk q{wwny adeoc

]ec}en{j ]oc ]{chq}kc H`nm

Q{wwnokrq {qoch jk}en

oc a`jw`ckc}q l

Ewwnk wr`m{a}q)

=5 58? ;4 5


12/27



Ewwnk bknok|kq }de} dken}d ecm qelk}y erk e l{cmejkc}en wer} `l k|kry x`rfkrq

rohd}q# Xk rku{ork `{r q{wwnokrq }` arke}k qelk x`rfoch a`cmo}o`cq ecm e wdyqoaenny

ecm jkc}enny dken}dy x`rf kc|or`cjkc}. {wd`nmoch }dk q}ecmermq oc `{r A`mk#

@{r dken}d ecm qelk}y wr`hrej q}er}q xo}d q}ecmerm e{mo}q eq xknn eq àa{we}o`cen

dken}d ecm qelk}y }reococh }dr`{hd`{} `{r q{wwnokr beqk# E{mo}q aec rkq{n} oc |ero`{q

c`ca`jwnoecak cmochq. q{ad eq x`rfkrq c`} xkeroch ewwr`wroe}k wkrq`cen wr`}ka*

}o|k ku{owjkc}. neaf `l rq}*eom q{wwnokq ecm rk mk}ka}o`c ku{owjkc}. `r ocemku{e}k

kto} we}dq l`r kjkrhkcay k|ea{e}o`cq# J`rk qkro`{q |o`ne}o`cq oc }dk weq} de|k enq`

ocan{mkm ktw`q{rk }` adkjoaenq bkae{qk l w``r |kc}one}o`c ecm x`rfkrq wkrl`rjoch

ea}o|o}okq e} mechkr`{q dkohd}q xo}d`{} h{ermreonq `r qelk}y derckqqkq#

Q`jk}ojkq xk moqa`|kr x`rfkr dken}d ecm qelk}y oqq{kq }de} erk c`} a`|krkm by

`{r rkh{ner e{mo}q# Xk moh mkkwkr }` {cmkrq}ecm }dk ae{qk `l }dk wr`bnkj ecm. oc

q`jk aeqkq. dork ktwkr}q }` a`cm{a} qwkaoenokm eqqkqqjkc}q# ]dk rkq{n}q `l }dkqk

eqqkqqjkc}q de|k nkm {q }` mk|kn`w ckx q}ecmermq l`r `{r q{wwnokrq }` l`nn`x#

Oc 2757. Ewwnk x`rfkm xo}d L`ta`cc }` ne{cad ec kjwn`ykk eqqoq}ecak wr`hrej

$KEW/ e} o}q leaono}y oc Qdkcdkc. Adoce# X`rfkrq }dkrk c`x de|k eaakqq }` lrkkwqyad`n`hoaen a`{cqknoch. ocan{moch e 2=*d`{r d`}nock. }` hk} em|oak `c }dkor

wkrq`cen ecm wr`lkqqo`cen a`cakrcq# @|kr }dk weq} yker. xk bkhec x`rfoch xo}d

}drkk j`rk q{wwnokrq }` kq}ebnoqd KEWq e} }dkor nerhkq} leaono}okq. a{q}`jokm }`

jkk} }dk ckkmq `l }dkor x`rfkrq#

Oc emmo}o`c }` a`{cqknoch qkr|oakq. }dkqk KEWq dknw b{onm q{ww`r} ck}x`rfq ecm

errechk qàoen ea}o|o}okq l`r x`rfkrq# ]dk wr`hrejq erk mkqohckm by jkc}en dken}d

ktwkr}q xd` qwkaoenok oc oqq{kq }de} erk a`jj`c ej`ch x`rfkrq oc Adoce#

E x`rfkr {qoch e neqkr k}adoch jeadock xkerq e wr`}ka}o|k jeqf ecm qelk}y h`hhnkq e} e leaono}y

oc Adkchm{. Adoce# Q{wwnokrq erk rku{orkm }` wr`|omk x`rfkrq xo}d wr`}ka}o|k hker ecm kcq{rk

}de} }dky erk wr`wkrny }reockm `c enn rknk|ec} qelk}y q}ecmermq#

X`rfkr Dken}d ecm Qelk}y

Ewwnk Q{wwnokr A`mk `l A`cm{a}9

X`rfkr dken}d ecm qelk}y

]dk Ewwnk Q{wwnokr A`mk `l A`cm{a}

rku{orkq }de} q{wwnokrq aerry `{} rkqw`cqobnkwrea}oakq oc }dk l`nn`xoch erkeq }` eqq{rk

x`rfkr dken}d ecm qelk}y9

@aa{we}o`cen oci{ry wrk|kc}o`c

Wrk|kc}o`c `l adkjoaen ktw`q{rk

Kjkrhkcay wrk|kc}o`c. wrkwerkmckqq.

ecm rkqw`cqk

@aa{we}o`cen qelk}y wràkm{rkq ecm

qyq}kjq

Krh`c`joaq

M`rjo}`ry ecm mococh

Dken}d ecm qelk}y a`jj{coae}o`c


13/27



E{mo} Rkq{n}q

Kead yker. Ewwnk e{mo}q q{wwnokrq oc qk|kc erkeq rkne}och }` x`rfkr dken}d ecm

qelk}y# Xk n``f l`r a`jwnoecak `l b`}d }dkor wrea}oakq ecm jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq#

X`rfkr dken}d ecm qelk}y 2755 e{mo} me}e


@aa{we}o`cen oci{ry wrk|kc}o`c


14/27

5=Ewwnk Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y


Kjkrhkcay wrk|kc}o`c. wrkwerkmckqq. ecm rkqw`cqk

Ewwnkq A`mk rku{orkq leaono}okq }` ec}oaowe}k. omkc}oly. ecm eqqkqq kjkrhkcay qo}{e}o`cq ecm }`

jocojok }dkor ojwea} by ojwnkjkc}och kjkrhkcay wnecq ecm rkqw`cqk wràkm{rkq#

Oqq{kq Ewwnk rkqw`cqk

55? leaono}okq dem mkaokcaokq oc }dkor khrkqq

qelk}y wràkm{rkq. q{ad eq cerr`x a`rrom`rq

ecm w``rny jerfkm r oceaa{re}k k|ea{e}o`c

r`{}kq#

Xk rku{orkm leaono}okq }` wr`|omk ewwr`wroe}k

wr`hrejq }` kcq{rk khrkqq qelk}y. q{ad eq keqy

k|ea{e}o`c r`{}kq oc }dk k|kc} `l ec kjkrhkcay.

nkhobnk qohcq. ecm anker k|ea{e}o`c wnecq#

?? leaono}okq dem c`ca`jwnoecak oc q`jk

eqwka} `l }dkor rk wrk|kc}o`c. wrkwerkmckqq.

ecm rkqw`cqk. q{ad eq {cjerfkm rk kt}oc*

h{oqdkrq ecm ocq{aokc} rk mronnq#

Xk rku{orkm leaono}okq }` jefk }dk rku{orkm

adechkq }` }dkor rk mk}ka}o`c. wrk|kc}o c.

ecm rkqw`cqk qyq}kjq# Xk rku{orkm e rkh{ner

adkaf l rkemockqq oc }doq erke#

8; leaono}okq neafkm rq}*eom q{wwny wràkm{rkq

`r mom c`} emku{e}kny ojwnkjkc} ktoq}och

wràkm{rkq }` kcq{rk a`jwnoecak#

Xk rku{orkm leaono}okq }` ojwnkjkc} rq}*eom

wràkm{rkq ecm }` wr`|omk wr`wkrny q{wwnokm

rq}*eom q}e}o`cq oc enn wr`m{a}o`c erkeq#

Krh`c`joaq

Ewwnkq A`mk rku{orkq leaono}okq }` eqqkqq xdoad l o}q `wkre}o`cq w`qk krh`c`joa roqfq }`

x`rfkrqk|kc xdkrk c`} rku{orkm by nexecm }` ojwnkjkc} roqf rkm{a}o`c jkeq{rkq. q{ad eq

rkmkqohcoch x`rfq}e}o`cq }` leaono}e}k bk}}kr w`q}{rk. wr`|omoch jehcolyoch hneqqkq l`r an`qk*{w

x`rf. ecm r`}e}och x`rfkrq ej`ch }eqfq }` rkm{ak rkwk}o}o|k j`}o`c#


;7 leaono}okq dem c`} a`cm{a}km krh`c`joa

roqf eqqkqqjkc}q#

Xk rku{orkm leaono}okq }` x`rf xo}d u{enokm

wr`lkqqo`cenq }` omkc}oly xdoad jec{lea}{roch

`wkre}o`cq w`qk roqfq l rkwk}o}o|k j`}o`c ecm

`}dkr krh`c`joa oci{rokq. }` k|en{e}k }dkj.

ecm }` }efk q}kwq }` a`c}r`n eqqàoe}km roqfq#


15/27

5;Ewwnk Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y


A`rk \o`ne}o`cq

@{r q{wwnokr rkqw`cqobono}y wr`hrej moqa`|krkm }dk l`nn`xoch a`rk |o`ne}o`cq oc

}dk erke `l x`rfkr dken}d ecm qelk}y# Xk jecme}k }de} q{wwnokrq ojjkmoe}kny

rkjkmy }dk qo}{e}o`cq }de} nkem }` ecy a`rk |o`ne}o`c# ]dk l`nn`xoch ader} qd`xq

}dk |o`ne}o`cq ecm }dk ea}o`cq xk rku{orkm oc rkqw`cqk#

2755 x`rfkr dken}d ecm qelk}y a`rk |o`ne}o`cq ecm ea}o`cq


2 leaono}okq Ktwn qo`cq oc| n|och a jb{q}obnk

m{q} aa{rrkm#

Qkk X`rfoch xo}d A`jb{q}obnk M{q}

bkn`x l`r j`rk mk}eonq#

5 leaono}y ]dk q{wwnokrq neaf l qelk}y jkeq{rkq

ecm kc|or`cjkc}en a`c}r`nq arke}km

{cqelk x`rfoch a`cmo}o`cq ecm qoh*

coaec} ojwea} c }dk kc|or`cjkc}#

Xk q}`wwkm wr`m{a}o`c {c}on }dk qelk}y

jkeq{rkq xkrk w{} oc wneak# Xk rku{orkm

}dk leaono}y }` x`rf xo}d }dk a`cq{n}ec}

ktwkr} }` a`cm{a} e là{qkm oc|kq}ohe*

}o`c }` omkc}oly }dk r``} ae{qk ecm

wr`w`qk a`rrka}o|k ecm wrk|kc}o|k

ea}o`c wnecq }` wrk|kc} rka{rrkcak#

X`rfoch xo}d A`jb{q}obnk M{q}

Xk xkrk mkkwny qemmkckm by k|kc}q e} }x` `l `{r q{wwnokrq oc 2755# Ec ktwn`qo`c

e} L`ta`ccq Adkchm{ lea}`ry }rehoaenny }``f }dk no|kq `l l`{r kjwn`ykkq ecm oci{rkm

54 `}dkrq# Ec ktwn`qo`c e} }dk Ro*]kch $e q{bqomoery `l Wkhe}r`c/ lea}`ry oc Qdechdeo

oci{rkm ;?#

Ojjkmoe}kny el}kr kead `l }dkqk ocaomkc}q. Ewwnk rkeadkm `{} }` }dk l`rkj`q}

ktwkr}q oc wràkqq qelk}y ecm eqqkjbnkm }kejq }` oc|kq}ohe}k }dk aora{jq}ecakq

`l kead ktwn`qo`c# ]dkqk }kejq jemk rka`jjkcme}o`cq eb`{} d`x }` wrk|kc}

l{}{rk eaaomkc}q# Xdonk }dk ae{qkq `l }dkqk }x` ocaomkc}qeq xknn eq jecy `l}dk a`rrka}o|k ea}o`cq }efkc el}krxermxkrk mokrkc}. b`}d ktwn`qo`cq oc|`n|km

a`jb{q}obnk m{q}# Jecy je}kroenq. ocan{moch `ckq c`rjenny a`cqomkrkm c`ca`j*

b{q}obnk. aec b{rc rewomny xdkc qjenn wer}oankq erk q{qwkcmkm oc eor oc }dk rohd}

a`cakc}re}o`c ecm ohco}km# Oc b`}d `l }dk 2755 ocaomkc}q. en{joc{j wer}oankq

wr`|omkm l{kn l`r e bneq}#

X`rfoch an`qkny xo}d kt}krcen ktwkr}q. Ewwnk e{mo}km enn q{wwnokrq decmnoch

en{joc{j m{q} ecm w{} q}r`chkr wrkae{}o`cery jkeq{rkq oc wneak bkl`rk rkq}er}och

wr`m{a}o`c# Xk de|k kq}ebnoqdkm ckx rku{orkjkc}q l`r decmnoch a`jb{q}obnk m{q}

}dr`{hd`{} `{r q{wwny adeoc. ocan{moch9

Qwkaoa |kc}one}o`c rku{orkjkc}q xo}d rkh{ner }kq}och `l eor`x |knào}y

A`jwrkdkcqo|k ocqwka}o`cq `l m{a}x`rf }` omkc}oly en{joc{j m{q} mkw`qo}q

Beccoch }dk {qk `l dohd*wrkqq{rk a`jwrkqqkm eor l`r ankecoch }` n`xkr }dk

w`qqobono}y `l m{q} an`{mq l`rjoch

Rku{oroch }de} enn |ea{{jq bk re}km ktwn`qo|k wr``l }` wrk|kc} ohco}o`c

Kcq{roch }de} }ywk*M rk kt}och{oqdkrq erk e|eonebnk }` decmnk jk}en rkq

E} }dk }ojk `l }doq rkw`r}. enn q{wwnokrq ktakw} `ck de|k ojwnkjkc}km }dk a`{c}kr *

jkeq{rkq omkc}okm by }dk }kej `l kt}krcen ktwkr}q# ]dk `ck q{wwnokr }de} deq c`}

xonn rkjeoc qd{} m`xc {c}on j`moae}o`cq erk oc wneak#


16/27

5


17/27



]dk ocl`rje}o`c bkn`x là{qkq `c qwkaoenokm e{mo} rkq{n}q. oqq{kq. ecm rkqw`cqkq

oc kc|or`cjkc}en wrea}oakq#

2755 qwkaoenokm kc|or`cjkc}en e{mo} oqq{kq ecm rkqw`cqkq

Kc|or`cjkc}en Wkrjo}q ecm Rkw`r}och

Ewwnkq A`mk rku{orkq leaono}okq }` d`nm {w*}`*me}k wkrjo}q l`r eor kjoqqo`cq. xeq}kxe}kr moqaderhk.

deerm`{q xeq}k moqw`qen. T*rey ku{owjkc}. ecm b`{cmery còqk# Leaono}okq j{q} a`jwny xo}d

ewwnoaebnk nexq rku{oroch ec ecenyqoq l }dk kc|or`cjkc}en ojwea} l }dkor leaono}okq ecm

`wkre}o`cq#

Oc emmo}o`c }` |krolyoch wkrjo}q ecm noakcqkq. }dk e{mo}`rq k|en{e}km }dk q`{rakq l w`nn{}o`c

hkckre}km by }dk leaono}y ecm aerkl{nny rk|okxkm enn rku{orkjkc}q ecm ewwnoaebnk q}ecmermq l`r

w`nn{}o`c a`c}r`nq qwkaokm oc }dk kc|or`cjkc}en ojwea} eqqkqqjkc} ecm w`nn{}ec} rkhoq}re}o`c#


< leaono}okq mom c`} {wme}k }dkor kc|or`cjkc}en

ojwea} eqqkqqjkc} }` rkka} }dk ne}kq} }ywk l

jec{lea}{roch }dky a`cm{a}km#

1 leaono}okq mom c`} de|k e cen ocqwka}o`cewwr`|en mà{jkc} {w`c a`cq}r{a}o`c

a`jwnk}o`c ecm wr`m{a}o`c q}er}#

2 leaono}okq mom c`} de|k w`nn{}ec} rkhoq}re}o`c#

Xk rku{orkm leaono}okq }` ojjkmoe}kny kchehk

nàen h`|krcjkc} ehkcaokq ecm b}eoc

ewwr`wroe}k ewwr`|enq ecm wkrjo}q#

Xeq}kxe}kr ecm q}`rjxe}kr jecehkjkc}

Q{wwnokrq qdenn j`co}`r. a`c}r`n. ecm }rke} xeq}kxe}kr hkckre}km lr`j `wkre}o`cq eq rku{orkm by

ewwnoaebnk nexq ecm rkh{ne}o`cq bkl`rk moqaderhk# ]doq a`|krq q}`rjxe}kr eq xknn eq qeco}ery ecm

ocm{q}roen xe}kr#

Oc }dk qwkaoenokm e{mo}. }dk e{mo}`rq k|en{e}km }dk xeq}kxe}kr }rke}jkc} aewebono}y. |krokm }dk

ea}{en q`{rak l w`nn{}o`c. a`cm{a}km e }d`r`{hd ocqwka}o`c l }dk xe}kr }rke}jkc} leaono}y ecm

xeq}kxe}kr moqaderhk jk}d`m. ecm rk|okxkm enn e|eonebnk xeq}kxe}kr j`co}`roch rka`rmq lr`j

}dk weq} }drkk ykerq eheocq} }dk ewwnoaebnk ce}o`cen `r nàen q}ecmermq#


2 leaono}okq ojwr`wkrny {qkm q}`rjxe}kr

mreocq l`r ocm{q}roen xeq}kxe}kr#

1 leaono}okq ojwr`wkrny {qkm q}`rjxe}kr

mreocq l`r m`jkq}oa xe}kr#

= leaono}okq moqaderhkm ej`{c}q oc ktakqq

`l }dk h`|krcjkc}*rku{orkm nojo}#

1 leaono}okq dem ocq{aokc} xeq}kxe}kr

kjkrhkcay rkqw`cqk aeweao}y#

; leaono}okq mom c`} de|k ewwr`wroe}k

xeq}krxe}kr j`co}`roch#

2 leaono}okq dem ocq{aokc} xeq}kxe}kr

}rke}jkc} aeweao}y#

= leaono}okq mom c`} rkh{nerny jeoc}eoc }dkor

xeq}kxe}kr }rke}jkc} leaono}y#

Xk rku{orkm }dk leaono}okq }` mk|kn`w a`rrka}o|k

ea}o`c wnecq ecm wrk|kc}o|k jkeq{rkq q{ad eq

}dk l`nn`xoch9

Oc|kq}och oc ktwecqo`c `l }dk xeq}kxe}kr

}rke}jkc} leaono}y#

Q}er}och ojjkmoe}k j`co}`roch `l xeq}kxe}kr

fky ocmoae}`rq eq rku{orkm by nàen ehkcaokq#

J`molyoch xeq}kxe}kr wowkq }` a`jwnk}kny

knojoce}k }dk jot xo}d q}`rjxe}kr#

Mk|kn`woch q}ecmerm jeoc}kcecak wràkm{rkq

l`r xeq}kxe}kr }rke}jkc} leaono}okq#


18/27



Eor kjoqqo`cq jecehkjkc}

Ewwnkq A`mk rku{orkq leaono}okq }` aderea}krok. j`co}`r. a`c}r`n. ecm }rke} eor kjoqqo`cq `l |`ne}onk

`rhecoa adkjoaenq. ekr`q`nq. a`rr`qo|kq. wer}oa{ne}kq. ``ck*mkwnk}och adkjoaenq. ecm a`jb{q}o`c

by*wr`m{a}q hkckre}km lr`j wkre}o`cqeq rku{orkm by ewwnoaebnk nexq ecm rkh{ne}o`cq

bkl`rk moqaderhk#Oc }dk qwkaoenokm e{mo}. }dk e{mo}`rq a`cm{a}km e }d`r`{hd ocqwka}o`c l }dk eor kjoqqo`c

}rke}jkc} leaono}y ecm rk|okxkm enn e|eonebnk eor kjoqqo`c j`co}`roch rka`rmq lr`j }dk weq} }drkk

ykerq eheocq} }dk ewwnoaebnk ce}o`cen r nàen q}ecmermq#


; leaono}okq mom c`} de|k wr`wkr jeoc}kcecak

oc }dkor eor kjoqqo`c }rke}jkc} leaono}y#

= leaono}okq xkrk c`} j`co}`roch eor kjoqqo`c

ewwr`wroe}kny#

5 leaono}y dem e a`cqomkrebnk nk|kn l m`r#

Xk rku{orkm leaono}okq }` ojjkmoe}kny dork

wr`lkqqo`cen neb`re}`rokq ecm a`cm{a} eor kjoq*

qo`c }kq}q# Leaono}okq }de} xkrkc} ewwr`wroe}kny

jeoc}eockm xkrk rku{orkm }` ojjkmoe}kny

wkrl`rj jeoc}kcecak ecm mk|kn`w q}ecmerm

jeoc}kcecak wràkm{rkq#

Còqk

Q{wwnokrq qdenn aderea}krok. j`co}`r. a`c}r`n. ecm }rke} còqk hkckre}km lr`j `wkre}o`cqeq

rku{orkm by ewwnoaebnk nexq ecm rkh{ne}o`cq#

Oc }dk qwkaoenokm e{mo}. }dk e{mo}`rq a`cm{a}km e }d`r`{hd ocqwka}o`c l }dk còqk ebe}kjkc}

qyq}kj ecm rk|okxkm enn e|eonebnk j`co}`roch rka`rmq lr`j }dk weq} }drkk ykerq eheocq} }dk

ewwnoaebnk ce}o`cen r nàen q}ecmermq#


1 leaono}okq dem c` b`{cmery còqk

j`co}`roch m{roch }dk mey#

= leaono}okq dem c` b`{cmery còqk

j`co}`roch e} cohd}#

2 leaono}okq hkckre}km dohd nk|knq l còqk

xo}d`{} ec ewwr`wroe}k còqk ebe}kjkc}

qyq}kj#

Xk rku{orkm leaono}okq }` ojjkmoe}kny dork

wr`lkqqo`cen neb`re}`rokq ecm a`cm{a} còqk

}kq}q# Leaono}okq xo}d`{} còqk ebe}kjkc}

qyq}kjq xkrk rku{orkm }` {qk u{enokm

a`c}rea}`rq ecm ocq}enn q{ad qyq}kjq#


19/27

5?Ewwnk Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y


Deerm`{q q{bq}ecak jecehkjkc} ecm rkq}roa}o`cq

Ewwnkq A`mk rku{orkq q{wwnokrq }` a`jwny xo}d }dk j`q} rkakc} |krqo`c l Ewwnkq Rkh{ne}km

Q{bq}ecakq Qwkaoae}o`c. 7


20/27



E{mo} Rkq{n}q

Kead yker. Ewwnk e{mo}q q{wwnokrq oc qot erkeq rkne}och }` kc|or`cjkc}en ojwea}# Xk

n``f l`r a`jwnoecak `l b`}d }dkor wrea}oakq ecm jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq#

Kc|or`cjkc}en ojwea} 2755 e{mo} me}e


Deerm`{q q{bq}ecak

jecehkjkc}


21/27



Eor kjoqqo`cq jecehkjkc}

Ewwnkq A`mk rku{orkq leaono}okq }` aderea}krok. j`co}`r. a`c}r`n. ecm }rke} eor kjoqqo`cq `l |`ne}onk

`rhecoa adkjoaenq. ekr`q`nq. a`rr`qo|kq. wer}oa{ne}kq. ``ck*mkwnk}och adkjoaenq. ecm a`jb{q}o`c

by*wr`m{a}q hkckre}km lr`j wkre}o`cqeq rku{orkm by ewwnoaebnk nexq ecm rkh{ne}o`cq

bkl`rk moqaderhk#


;4 leaono}okq leonkm }` j`co}`r ecm a`c}r`n eor

kjoqqo`cq# L`r ktejwnk. leaono}okq mom c`} ocqwka}

moqaderhkq rkh{nerny }` kcq{rk a`jwnoecak xo}d

}dk nàen nexq. r }dk eor kjoqqo`c {}nk}q xkrk

c`} ankerny jerfkm# Enq`. 88 leaono}okq neafkm eor

kjoqqo`c j`co}`roch ecm a`c}r`n jecehkjkc}

wràkm{rkq#

Xk rku{orkm leaono}okq }` }rke} eor kjoqqo`cq.

}` a`cm{a} rkh{ner ocqwka}o`cq }` kcq{rk

a`jwnoecak xo}d }dk nex. ecm }` jerf ankerny enn

eor kjoqqo`c {}nk}q# Enq`. xk rku{orkm leaono}okq

}` kq}ebnoqd jecehkjkc} wràkm{rkq c eor

kjoqqo`c j`co}`roch ecm a`c}r`n#

A`rk \o`ne}o`cq

@{r q}ecmerm ecm qwkaoenokm e{mo}q {ca`|krkm }dk l`nn`xoch a`rk |o`ne}o`cq# L`r

}dkqk leaono}okq. }dkrk xeq e |kry qkro`{q a`cakrc eb`{} }dk ea}{en `r w`}kc}oen

ojwea} `c }dk kc|or`cjkc}# Xk jecme}k }de} q{wwnokrq ojjkmoe}kny rkjkmy }dk

qo}{e}o`cq }de} nkem }` ecy a`rk |o`ne}o`c# ]dk l`nn`xoch ader} qd`xq }dk |o`ne}o`cq

ecm }dk ea}o`cq xk rku{orkm oc rkqw`cqk#

2755 kc|or`cjkc}en a`rk |o`ne}o`cq ecm ea}o`cq


5 leaono}y E rkc`|e}km wr`m{a}o`c b{onmoch

dem bkkc oc {qk l`r 5 ykerq xo}d`{}

e wr`wkr kc|or`cjkc}en ojwea} eqqkqq*

jkc} ecm cen ocqwka}o`c ewwr`|en#

]dk rkq{n}q l xeq}kxe}kr moqaderhk

j`co}`roch rk|kenkm ck fky xeq}kxe}kr

werejk}kr ktakkmkm }dk ktoq}och

ewwr`|km nojo}#

Xk ojjkmoe}kny q{qwkcmkm b{qockqq xo}d

}doq q{wwnokr ecm rku{orkm }dk q{wwnokr

}` b}eoc ewwr`wroe}k ehkcay ewwr`|en

ecm a`c}r`n ecm }` }efk a`c}r`n jkeq{rkq

}` jecehk }dk fky werejk}kr q` o} c`

n`chkr ktakkmkm }dk nojo}# E} }dk }ojk

xk xro}k }doq rkw`r}. }dk kc|or`cjkc}en

ojwea} eqqkqqjkc} deq bkkc ewwr`|km

ecm }dk xeq}kxe}kr a`c}r`n jkeq{rk oq

oc wneak# ]dk leaono}y oq xeo}och l`r }dk

cen ocqwka}o`c ewwr`|en#

5 leaono}y E{mo} rq l {cm ec {ce{}d rokm xeq}k*

xe}kr moqaderhk wowk oc }dk q{rr`{cmoch

lerj# J`co}`roch rka`rmq rk|kenkm }de}

}dk leaono}y dem bkkc ckm j{n}ownk }ojkq

l`r morka}ny moqaderhoch xeq}kxe}kr ecm

`rhecoa heq#

Xk ojjkmoe}kny q{qwkcmkm b{qockqq

xo}d }doq q{wwnokr ecm rku{orkm o} }`

rkj`|k }dk {ce{}d`rokm wowk# Xk

}dkc rku{orkm }dk q{wwnokr }` b}eoc

wr`wkr ehkcay ewwr`|en ecm a`jwnk}k

o}q w`nn{}ec} rkhoq}re}o`c# Xk enq` rku{orkm

}dk leaono}y }` dork e wr`lkqqo`cen neb`re*

}`ry }` a`cm{a} xeq}kxe}kr. eor kjoqqo`c.

ecm còqk }kq}och#

5 leaono}y ]dk leaono}y dem c` kc|or`cjkc}en

ojwea} eqqkqqjkc}. ocqwka}o`c ewwr`|en.

`r w`nn{}ec} rkhoq}re}o`c# O} enq` dem c`

j`co}`roch rkq{n}q l`r xeq}kxe}kr. eor

kjoqqo`c. r còqk#

Xk ojjkmoe}kny rku{orkm }dk q{wwnokr

}` b}eoc wr`wkr ehkcay ewwr`|en ecm

a`jwnk}k o}q w`nn{}ec} rkhoq}re}o`c# Xk

enq` rku{orkm }dk leaono}y }` dork e wr`lkq*

qo`cen neb`re}`ry }` a`cm{a} xeq}kxe}kr.

eor kjoqqo`c. ecm còqk }kq}och#

5 leaono}y ]dk leaono}y dem cko}dkr wr`wkr kc|or`c*

jkc}en ojwea} eqqkqqjkc} c`r e xeq}k*

xe}kr moqaderhk wkrjo}# ]dk e{mo} rk|kenkm

}de} b`}d ocm{q}roen xeq}kxe}kr ecm eor

kjoqqo`cq xkrk moqaderhkm morka}ny

xo}d`{} }rke}jkc}#

Xk ojjkmoe}kny rku{orkm }dk leaono}y

}` b}eoc wr`wkr ehkcay ewwr`|en ecm

a`cm{a} a`rrka}o|k ea}o`cq }` emmrkqq

}dk xeq}kxe}kr ecm eor kjoqqo`c

a`cakrcq#


22/27



By ehrkkoch }` `{r A`mk. q{wwnokrq a`jjo} }` jeoc}eococh }dk dohdkq} q}ecmermq

`l k}doaen a`cm{a} xdkc mkenoch xo}d }dkor x`rfkrq. q{wwnokrq. ecm a{q}`jkrq#

\o`ne}o`cq `l `{r h{omknockq erk c`} }`nkre}km. ecm aec rkq{n} oc ojjkmoe}k

}krjoce}o`c `l `{r rkne}o`cqdow xo}d e q{wwnokr. eq }dky de|k oc }dk weq} xo}d

brobkry ecm lenqoae}o`c `l e{mo} je}kroenq#

]` j`co}`r a`jwnoecak xo}doc }dk k}doaq qka}o`c `l `{r A`mk. `{r q}ecmerm e{mo}q

ocan{mk oc}kr|okxq xo}d kjwn`ykkq ecm a`c}rea} x`rfkrq eb`{} jecehkjkc}

wràkm{rkq# Xk n``f an`qkny l`r ocq}ecakq `l aèadoch. oc xdoad jecehkjkc} deq

morka}km x`rfkrq }` wr`|omk oceaa{re}k ocl`rje}o`c m{roch e{mo}q# Xk enq` oc}kr|okx

qkco`r jecehkjkc}. rk|okx mà{jkc}e}o`c. ecm ocqwka} rka`rmq ecm rka`rm*

fkkwoch wràkqqkq# Ec ojw`r}ec} eqwka} `l ecy e{mo} oq }dk q{wwnokrq xonnochckqq

}` `wkcny moqan`qk rka`rmq ecm ocl`rje}o`c eb`{} o}q jecehkjkc} wràkm{rkq#

Xdkc xk oc}kr|okx x`rfkrq m{roch ec e{mo}. xk wr`|omk }dkj e d`}nock aerm

xo}d e }knkwd`ck c{jbkr ecm e aeqk c{jbkr }de} omkc}okq }dk leaono}y ecm e{mo}

me}k# ]doq kcebnkq x`rfkrq }` wr`|omk emmo}o`cen ocl`rje}o`c el}kr ec e{mo} ecm }`

rkw`r} ecy em|krqk a`cqku{kcakq `l }dkor wer}oaowe}o`c oc }dk e{mo}xo}d`{} lker

`l rk}enoe}o`c#

E{mo} Rkq{n}q

Kead yker. Ewwnk e{mo}q q{wwnokrq oc l`{r erkeq rkne}och }` k}doaq# Xk n``f l`r

a`jwnoecak `l b`}d }dkor wrea}oakq ecm jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq#

K}doaq 2755 e{mo} me}e


B{qockqq oc}khro}y ?8+ 48+

Moqan`q{rk l ocl`rje}o`c ?;+ ?7+

Xdoq}nkbn`xkr wr`}ka}o`c

ecm ec`cyj`{q a`jwneoc}q

?1+ 8?+

Wr`}ka}o`c l oc}knnka}{en

wr`wkr}y

?8+ 44+

@|krenn A`jwnoecak ?;+ 4;+

Ae}kh`ry wkrakc}ehkq rkwrkqkc} }dk e|krehk ear`qq enn leaono}okq `l }dk nock o}kjq qa`rkm {cmkr }de} ae}kh`ry# @|krenn

A`jwnoecak wkrakc}ehkq erk }dk e|krehk `l k|kry nock o}kj oc k|kry ae}kh`ry#

K}doaq


K}doaq


rku{orkq }de} q{wwnokrq jeoc}eoc }dkdohdkq} k}doaen q}ecmermq }dr`{hd`{}

}dkor b{qockqq wrea}oakq# ]dk A`mk mkckq

k}doaen wrocaownkq ecm wrea}oakq oc }dk

l`nn`xoch erkeq9

B{qockqq oc}khro}y

Moqan`q{rk l ocl rje}o`c

Xdoq}nkbn`xkr wr`}ka}o`c ecm

ec`cyj`{q a`jwneoc}q

Wr`}ka}o`c l oc}knnka}{en wr`wkr}y


23/27



A`rk \o`ne}o`cq

@{r q}ecmerm e{mo}q ecm qwkaoen e{mo}q {ca`|krkm }dk l`nn`xoch a`rk |o`ne}o`cq oc

}dk erke `l k}doaq# Xk jecme}k }de} q{wwnokrq ojjkmoe}kny rkjkmy }dk qo}{e}o`cq

}de} nkem }` ecy a`rk |o`ne}o`c# ]dk l`nn`xoch ader} qd`xq }dk |o`ne}o`cq ecm }dk

ea}o`cq xk rku{orkm oc rkqw`cqk#

2755 k}doaq a`rk |o`ne}o`cq ecm ea}o`cq


5 leaono}y Rkwke}km a`rk |o`ne}o`c l`r lenqoae*

}o`c l e{mo} je}kroenq#

Xk erk }krjoce}och {r rkne}o`cqdow xo}d

}dk q{wwnokr#

1 leaono}okq ]x` leaono}okq wrkqkc}km lenqokm wey*

r`nn rka`rmq ecm wr`|omkm joqnkemoch

oc}kr|okx ecqxkrq }` Ewwnkq e{mo}

}kej#

@ck leaono}y wr`|omkm e lenqokm

r`q}kr xo}d oca`jwnk}k x`rfochd`{r rka`rmq ecm kjwn`ykk wr`nkq

}` Ewwnkq e{mo} }kej#

@ck leaono}y wr`|omkm rken weyr`nn rka`rmq

ojjkmoe}kny el}kr }dk e{mo}`rq omkc}okm

}dk lenqoae}o`c# Xk rku{orkm ec ocmkwkc*

mkc} e{mo} e} }dk }dkr leaono}y }` rk|okx

weyr`nn rka`rmq ecm }` n``f l`r emmo}o`cen

lenqoae}o`c#Xk rku{orkm }dk leaono}okq }` a`cm{a}

rk|okxq l }dkor k}doaq jecehkjkc}

qyq}kjq ecm wr`|omk ewwr`wroe}k a`jj{*

coae}o`c ecm }reococh }` enn jecehkjkc}

q}e c }dk wr`dobo}o`cq eheocq} lenqokm

rka`rmq ecm }dk a`cqku{kcakq l q{ad

|o`ne}o`cq#

Xk }krjoce}km {r rkne}o`cqdow xo}d ck

q{wwnokr#

5 leaono}y ]dk leaono}y bq}r{a}km }dk Ewwnk

e{mo} }kejq k`r}q }` `b}eoc weyr`nn

rka`rmq#

Xk rku{orkm ec ocmkwkcmkc} e{mo} }`

rk|okx weyr`nn rka`rmq ecm }` wr`|omk

ewwr`wroe}k a`jj{coae}o`c ecm }reococh

}` enn jecehkjkc} q}e c }dk wr`dobo*}o`cq l bq}r{a}o`c }` Ewwnk e{mo}q#

5 leaono}y ]dk leaono}y aèadkm l`rkohc a`c}rea}

x`rfkrq xo}d oc}ojome}och nech{ehk#

Xk rku{orkm ec ocmkwkcmkc} e{mo} }`

rk|okx }dk leaono}yq rkar{o}jkc} wràkqq

ecm n``f l`r emmo}o`cen lenqoae}o`c# Xk

rku{orkm }dk leaono}y }` ojwr`|k o}q jec*

ehkjkc} qyq}kjq l`r l`rkohc a`c}rea}

x`rfkr rkar{o}jkc} wràkqq ecm k}doaq

}` l{nny a`jwny xo}d }dk Ewwnk Q{wwnokr

A`mk `l A`cm{a}#


24/27

2=Ewwnk Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y


Ewwnk rku{orkq }de} `{r q{wwnokrq kq}ebnoqd jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq }de} kcq{rk a`j*

wnoecak xo}d kead qka}o`c `l o}q A`mk eq xknn eq ewwnoaebnk nexq ecm rkh{ne}o`cq#

Q{wwnokrq jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq j{q} bk aewebnk `l omkc}olyoch ecm jo}ohe}och

`wkre}o`cen roqfq# ]dky qd`{nm enq` dknw q{wwnokrq jefk a`c}oc{`{q ojwr`|kjkc}q

}` }dkor q}ecmermq ecm wrea}oakq# ]doq qka}o`c `l }dk A`mk wr`|omkq e l`{cme}o`c l`ro}q `}dkr knkjkc}q9 Kcl`rakjkc} `l }dk q}ecmermq xk|k mkckm oc }dk A`mkq `}dkr

erkeq mkwkcmq `c q{wwnokrq qk}}och {w }dk rohd} jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq#

@{r e{mo} wr`hrejq ktejock b`}d b{qockqq wrea}oakq ecm }dk jecehkjkc}

qyq}kjq }de} aec q{q}eoc }d`qk wrea}oakq# ]dkrk jey bk aeqkq xdkrk `{r e{mo}

rk|kenq a`jwnoecak oc ea}{en wrea}oak. b{} }dk {cmkrnyoch jecehkjkc} qyq}kj

jey c`} bk q}r`ch kc`{hd }` eqq{rk `chòch a`jwnoecak# L`r }doq rkeq`c. Ewwnk

e{mo}q ocan{mk ktejoce}o`c `l }dk jecehkjkc} qyq}kjqq{ad eq w`noaokq ecm

wràkm{rkq. r`nkq ecm rkqw`cqobono}okq. ecm }reococh wr`hrejq{cmkrnyoch k|kry

ae}kh`ry oc `{r A`mk#

]reococh oq ec ojw`r}ec} }``n xk {qk }` aenn e}}kc}o`c }` }dk ckkm l`r `{r q{wwnokrq

}` q}rkch}dkc jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq# ]reococh enq` kjw`xkrq x`rfkrq. reoqoch }dkorexerkckqq }` }dkor rohd}qec ojw`r}ec} wer} `l `{r k`r}q }` mro|k `{r q{wwnokrq

}` em`w} qàoenny rkqw`cqobnk jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq ecm wrea}oakq#

Eq wer} `l `{r e{mo} wr`hrejq. xk l`nn`x {w }` qkk ol }reococh wr`hrejq rkq{n}

oc adechkq }` }dk x`rfwneak# L`r ktejwnk. neq} yker. e{mo} qa`rkq xkc} {w l`r

jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq a`jwnoecak oc {cmkrehk doroch wrk|kc}o`c l`nn`xoch }dk

kt}kcqo|k }reococh xk mkno|krkm#

Jecehkjkc} Qyq}kjq


Jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq


rku{orkq }de} q{wwnokrq jecehkjkc}qyq}kjq ocan{mk knkjkc}q oc }dk

l`nn`xoch erkeq. wr`|omoch e l`{cme}o`c

l`r rkqw`cqobnk wrea}oakq oc enn `}dkr

erkeq `l }dk A`mk9

A`jwecy q}e}kjkc}

Jecehkjkc} eaa`{c}ebono}y ecm

rkqw`cqobono}y

Mà{jkc}e}o`c ecm rka`rmq

]reococh ecm a`jj{coae}o`c

X`rfkr lkkmbeaf ecm wer}oaowe}o`c

A`rrka}o|k ea}o`c wr akqq


25/27

2;Ewwnk Q{wwnokr Rkqw`cqobono}y


E{mo} Rkq{n}q

Kead yker. Ewwnk e{mo}q q{wwnokrq oc qot erkeq rkne}och }` jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq#

Jecehkjkc} qyq}kjq 2755 e{mo} me}e


A`jwecy q}e}kjkc} 87+ 87+

Jecehkjkc} eaa`{c}ebono}y

ecm rkqw`cqobono}y

;


26/27

2


27/27



QKKM Wr`hrej Ktwecqo`c

Xk|k enq` ktwecmkm wr`lkqqo`cen mk|kn`wjkc} `ww`r}{co}okq l`r x`rfkrq

}dr`{hd }dk Q{wwnokr Kjwn`ykk Km{ae}o`c ecm Mk|kn`wjkc} $QKKM/ wr`hrej#

]doq Ewwnk*mkqohckm wr`hrej `krq x`rfkrq aneqqkq oc }`woaq q{ad eq cecak.

a`jw{}kr qfonnq. ecm }dk Kchnoqd nech{ehk# Oc emmo}o`c. QKKM wr`hrejq wer}ckrxo}d Adockqk {co|krqo}okq }` enn`x x`rfkrq }` kerc eqq`aoe}k mkhrkkq#

]dk wr`hrej bkhec eq e won`} e} L`ta`ccq leaono}y oc Qdkcdkc oc 2774 ecm

deq ktwecmkm }` enn cen eqqkjbny qo}kq oc 2755# J`rk }dec

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