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Appendix I

Trade names and manufacturers

In this appendix, some trade names of various polymeric materials are listed. The

list is intended to cover the better known names but it is by no means

exhaustive. It should be noted that the names given may or may not be

registered.

Trade name Polymer Manufacturer

Abson ABS polymers B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Acrilan Polyacrylonitrile Chemstrand Corp. Acrylite Poly(methyl methacrylate) American Cyanamid Co. Adiprene Polyurethanes E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Afcoryl ABS polymers Pechiney-Saint-Gobain Alathon Polyethylene E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Alkathene Polyethylene Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Alloprene Chlorinated natural rubber Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Ameripol cis-1 ,4-Polyisoprene B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Araldite Epoxy resins Ciba (A.R.L.) Ltd. Arnel Cellulose triacetate Celanese Corp. Arnite Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Algemene Kunstzijde Unie N.Y.

Baypren Polychloroprene Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Beetle Urea-formaldehyde resins British Industrial Plastics

Ltd. Ben vic Poly(vinyl chloride) Solvay & Cie S.A. Bexphane Polypropylene Bakelite Xylonite Ltd. Butacite Poly( vinyl butyral) E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Butakon Butadiene copolymers Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Butaprene Styrene-butadiene copolymers Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. Butvar Poly(vinyl butyral) Shawinigan Resins Corp.

Cap ran Nylon 6 Allied Chemical Corp. Carbowax Poly(ethylene oxide) Union Carbide Corp. Cariflex I cis-1 ,4-Polyisoprene Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. Carina Poly(vinyl chloride) Shell Chemical Co. Ltd.

TRADE NAMES AND MANUFACTURERS 457


Carin ex Polystyrene Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. Celcon Formaldehyde copolymer Celanese Plastics Co. Cellosize Hydroxyethylcellulose Union Carbide Corp. Chemigum Polyurethanes Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. Cis-4 cis-1 ,4-Poly butadiene Phillips Petroleum Co. Cobex Poly( vinyl chloride) Bakelite Xylonite Ltd. Coral cis-1 ,4-Polyisoprene Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. Corvic Poly( vinyl chloride) Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Crystic Polyester resins Scott Bader Co. Cycolac ABS polymers Borg Warner Corp. Cymel Melamine-formaldehyde resins American Cyanamid Co.

Dacron Poly( ethylene tereph thalate) E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Dapon Diallyl phthalate resins FMC Corp. Darvic Poly(vinyl chloride) Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Delrin Polyformaldehyde E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. Desmopan Polyurethanes Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Desmophen Polyesters and polyethers

for polyurethanes Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Dexel Cellulose acetate British Celanese Ltd. Diakon Poly(methyl methacrylate) Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Diene Polybutadiene Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. Durethan Nylon 6 Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Durethan U Polyurethanes Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Dynel Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile

copolymer Union Carbide Corp.

Elvanol Poly( vinyl alcohol) E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Epikote Epoxy resins Shell Chemical Co. Epodite Epoxy resins Showa Highpolymer Co. Epon Epoxy resins Shell Chemical Co. Estane Polyurethanes B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Ethocel Ethylcellulose Dow Chemical Co.

Flu on Polytetrafluoroethylene Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.

Fluorel Vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene Minnesota Mining & Manufac-copolymer turing Co.

Forticel Cellulose propionate Celanese Plastics Co. Fortisan Saponified cellulose acetate Celanese Corp.

Gelvatol Poly( vinyl alcohol) Shawinigan Resins Corp. Genthane Polyurethanes General Tire and Rubber Co. Geon Poly( viny 1 chloride) B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co.

458 ORGANIC POLYMER CHEMISTRY


Halar Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethy-lene copolymer Allied Chemical Corp.

Hi-Bien ABS polymers Japanese Geon Co. Hi pack Polyethylene Showa Highpolymer Co. Hitalex Polyethylene Hitachi Chemical Co. Hitanol Phenol-formaldehyde resins Hitachi Chemical Co. Hostaflon C2 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Hostaflon TF Polytetrafluoroethylene Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Hostalen G Polyethylene Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Hycar Polyacrylate B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Hypalon Chlorosulphonated poly-

ethylene E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.

Iupilon Polycarbonate Mitsubishi Edogawa Chemical Co.

Kapton H Polyimide E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Kel-F Elastomer Vinylidene fluoride-

chlorotrifluoroethylene Minnesota Mining and Manufac-copolymer turing Co.

Kematal Formaldehyde copolymer Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.

Kodel Poly( cyclohexane-1 ,4-dim ethylene terephthalate) Eastman Kodak Co.

Kralastic ABS polymers Uniroyal Inc. Kraton Styrene-butadiene copolymers Shell Chemical Co. Kynar Poly( vinylidene fluoride) Pennsalt Corp.

Laminae Polyester resins American Cyanamid Co. Leguval Polyester resins Farbenfabriken Bayer AG. Lekutherm Epoxy resins Farbenfabriken Bayer AG. Levapren Ethylene-vinyl acetate

copolymers Farbenfabriken Bayer AG. Lex an Polycarbonate General Electric Co. Lucite Poly(methyl methacrylate) E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Lustrex Polystyrene Monsanto Chemical Co. Lycra Polyurethane E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.

Madurik Melamine-formaldehyde resins Casella Farbwerke Mainkur AG. Makrolon Polycarbonate Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Maranyl Nylons Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Marl ex Polyethylene Phillips Petroleum Co. Melinex Poly( ethylene terephthalate) Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Me lit Melamine-formaldehyde resins Societa ltaliana Resine Merion Polycarbonate Mobay Chemical Co. Methocel Methylcellulose Dow Chemical Co. Moltopren Polyurethane foam Farbenfabriken Bayer AG



Mop len Polypropylene Montecatini Edison S.p.A. Mowilith Poly( vinyl acetate) Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Mowiol Poly(vinyl alcohol) Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Mowital Poly(vinyl butyral) Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Mylar Poly(ethylene terephthalate) E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.

Napryl Polypropylene Pechiney-Saint-Gobain Natene Polyethylene Pechiney-Saint-Gobain Nipeon Poly(vinyl chloride) Japanese Geon Co. Nipoflex Ethylene-vinyl acetate

copolymer Toyo Soda Mfg. Co. Nipolon Polyethylene Toyo Soda Mfg. Co. Nomex Poly(m-phenylene isophthala-

mide) E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. Noryl Poly(2,6-dimethyl-l ,4-

phenylene oxide) General Electric Co. Novodur ABS polymers Farbenfabriken Bayer AG

Oppanol Polyisobutylene Badische Anilin-& Soda-Fabrik AG.

Orion Polyacry lonitrile E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.

Paraplex Polyester resins Rohm and Haas Co. Parylene Poly-p-xylylene Union Carbide Corp. Pelaspan Polystyrene (expandable) Dow Chemical Co. Penton Poly-3 ,3-bis( chloromethyl)-

oxacyclobutane Hercules Inc. Perbunan N Butadiene-acrylonitrile

copolymers Farbenfabriken Bayer AG. Perspex Poly(methyl methacrylate) Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Petrothene Polyethylene U.S. Industrial Chemical Co. Pevalon Poly( vinyl alcohol) May and Baker Ltd. Plastylene Polyethylene Pechiney-Saint-Gobain Plexiglas Poly(methyl methacrylate) Rohm and Haas Co. Plio film Rubber hydrochloride Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. Plio lite Styrene-butadiene

copolymers Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. Poly-Eth Polyethylene Gulf Oil Corp. Polylite Polyester resins Reichhold Chemicals Inc. Polylumy Polypropylene Kohjin Co. Polymin Polyethylenimine Badische Anilin-& Soda-

Fabrik AG. Polyox Poly( ethylene oxide) Union Carbide Corp. Polysizer Poly( vinyl alcohol) Showa Highpolymer Co. Polyviol Poly( vinyl alcohol) Wacker Chemie GmbH. Propathene Polypropylene Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd.

460 ORGANIC POLYMER CHEMISTRY


Ravinil Poly( vinyl chloride) ANIC, S.p.A. Restirolo Polystyrene Societa I taliana Resine Riblene Polyethylene ANIC, S.p.A. Rigid ex Polyethylene BP Chemicals (U.K.) Ltd. Rigolac Polyester resins Showa Highpolymer Co. Rilsan Nylon 11 Aquitaine-Organico Roylar Polyurethanes Uniroyal Inc. Rucon Poly(vinyl chloride) Hooker Chemical Corp. Rucothane Polyurethanes Hooker Chemical Corp.

Saflex Poly(vinyl butyral) Monsanto Chemical Co. Saran Vinylidene chloride

copolymers Dow Chemical Co. Silastic Silicones Dow Corning Corp. Silastomer Silicones Midland Silicones Ltd. Sirfen Phenol-formaldehyde resins Societa Italiana Resine Sirtene Polyethylene Societa Italiana Resine Solvic Poly( vinyl chloride) Solvay & Cie S.A. Standlite Phenol-formaldehyde resins Hitachi Chemical Co. Styrocel Polystyrene (expandable) Styrene Products Ltd. Styrofoam Polystyrene foam Dow Chemical Co. Styrol Polystyrene Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. Styron Polystyrene Dow Chemical Co. Surlyn Ionomer E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.

Tedlar Poly( vinyl fluoride) E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. Teflon FEP Tetrafluoroethylene-

hexafluoropropylene copolymer E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.

Teflon TFE Polytetrafluoroethylene E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co. Teracol Polyoxytetramethylene

glycol E.l. duPont de Nemours & Co. Terluran ABS polymers Badische Anilin-& Soda-

Fabric AG. Terylene Poly(ethylene terephtha- Imperial Chemical Industries

late) Ltd. Texicote Poly(vinyl acetate) Scott Bader Co. Texin Polyurethanes Mobay Chemical Co. Thiokol Polysulphides Thiokol Chemical Corp. TPX Poly-4-methylpent-1-ene Imperial Chemical Industries

Ltd. Trans-4 trans- I ,4-Polybutadiene Phillips Petroleum Co. Trolen Polyethylene Dynamit Nobel AG. Trosiplast Poly( vinyl chloride) Dynamit Nobel AG. Tybrene ABS polymers Dow Chemical Co. Tyril Styrene-acrylonitrile

copolymer Dow Chemical Co.



Ultramid Nylons Badische Anilin-& Soda-Fabrik AG.

Ultra pas Melamine-formaldehyde resins Dynamit Nobel AG. Ultryl Poly(vinyl chloride) Phillips Petroleum Co.

Versamid Fatty polyamides General Mills Inc. Vestamid Nylon 12 Chemische Werke Huls AG. Vestolit Poly( vinyl chloride) Chemische Werke Huls AG. Vestyron Polystyrene Chemische Werke Huls AG. Vi clan Vinylidene chloride Imperial Chemical Industries

copolymers Ltd. Vinapas Poly(vinyl acetate) Wacker Chemie GmbH. Vinoflex Poly( vinyl chloride) Badische Anilin-& Soda-

Fabrik AG. Vipla Poly( vinyl chloride) Montecatini Edison S.p.A. Vi thane Polyurethanes Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. Viton A Vinylidene fluoride-

hexafluoropropylene copolymer E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.

Vulcaprene Polyurethane Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.

Vulkollan Polyurethanes Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Vybak Poly(vinyl chloride) Bakelite Xylonite Ltd.

Welvic Poly( vinyl chloride) Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.

Zetafax Ethylene copolymers Dow Chemical Co. Zetafin Ethylene copolymers Dow Chemical Co. Zytel Nylons E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co.

Appendix II

International system of units

Throughout this book, physical quantities have been expressed in customary units in accordance with dominant commercial practice. However, it is recognized that the International System of Units (Systeme Internationale d'Unites or SI) is finding increasing use. In this appendix some common SI units are listed and the customary units used in the book may be changed into these units by multiplication by the conversion factors shown.

Physical Name of quantity SI unit

length metre mass kilogram time second force newton pressure pascal energy joule power watt

Conversion factors

Physical quantity

length mass force

pressure

energy

area

density viscosity

Customary unit

in lb

dyne kg (weight) lb (weight) dyne/cm2

atm mmHg lb/in2

erg Btu ft lb in2 ft2

lb/ft3

poise

Sl units

Symbol for Definition of SI unit SI unit

m basic unit kg basic unit s basic unit N kg•m·s-2 (=J·m-1 )

Pa kg·m-1 ·s-2 (=N·m-2) J kg•m2·s-2 w kg·m2·s-3 (= J·s-1 )

SI Factor for conversion of unit customary unit to SI units

m 2.54x 10-2 kg 4.535 923 7 X 10-1

N 1 X 10-5

N 9.806 65 N 4.448 22

Pa or N•m -2 I X 10-1

Pa or N•m -2 1.0 13 25 X 105

Pa or N•m -2 1.333 22 X 102 Pa or N•m -2 6.894 76 x 103

J I X 10-7

J 1.055 056 X 103

J 1.355 82 m2 6.4516xl0-4 m2 9.290 304 X 10-2

kg·m -l

kg·m-1 ·s-1 or 1.601 846 3 X 10

N·s·m-2 1 X 10 -l

Index

Abaca 248 Abietic acid 226, 290 ABS polymers see Acrylonitrile-butadiene-

styrene copolymers Accelerators 209, 411,444 Acetaldehyde 153 Acetal resins 15 2 Acetic acid 104 Acetic acid yield 261, 262 Acetone 117, 153, 371 Acetyl content 261 Acetylene 85, 104, 117, 118, 119, 139,

324,441,453 Acid anhydrides 205, 224, 381, 390, 391 Acrylamide 116, 120 Acrylate rubbers 122 Acrylic acid 116, 133

esters 116, 118 Acrylic copolymers, thermosetting 133, 387 Acrylic polymers 116 Acrylonitrile81, 116,118, 119,234,380

copolymers 79, 100, 101, 123, 131, 133, 439,444

Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubbers 80,439 development 439 preparation 439 properties 439

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers 80

preparation 80 properties 81

Activators 411 Addition polymer 22 Addition polymerization 22 Adipic acid 176, 177, 178, 181, 206, 214,

224,324,325 Alcoholysis see Ester interchange Alkali metal initiators 10, 18,427,431,

433 Alkoxysilanes 360 Alkyd polyesters 207 Alkyd resins 221, 227,291, 306, 307, 313,

314,316,342,364,367,388 drying oil 227, 230 long oil 227 medium oil 227 modified 234 non-drying oil227, 230 semi-drying oil 227, 230

short oil 227 styrenated 234 see also Polyesters, network

Alkyl dichlorides 395 Allylalcohol235,236 Allyl glycidyl ether 384 Allylic shift 444 Aminoacids 196 Aminopolymers 301

see also Melamine-formaldehyde polymers; urea-formaldehyde polymers

Aminoresins 135, 227, 234, 364,387 see also Melamine-formaldehyde

polymers; urea-formaldehyde polymers

w-Aminoundecanoic acid 5, 176, 179, 182 Ammonium oleate 331 Ammonium persulphate 88, 140 Amylopectin 269, 270 Amylose 269 p-tert-Amylphenol281 Aniline 316, 322 Aniline-formaldehyde polymers 301, 316 Animal glues 196 Anionic polymerization see Polymerization Antioxidants 55 Asymmetric carbon atom 37, 153, 165 Autpxidation 54, 231 Azelaic acid 214 Aziridine 450 Azobisisobutyronitrile 9, 48, 87,94

Backbite49 Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik AG. 64 Baekeland 272, 282 Balata 426 Bast fibres 248 Bayer, A. 272 Bayer, F. and Co. 431 Bayer, 0. 318 Beadle 250 Beckmann rearrangement 180 Benzene71,82, 177,205,273,275,276,

277,278,280,451 Benzofuran 448 Benzoguanamine 315 Benzoguanamine-formaldehyde polymers

301,315

464 INDEX

Benzoic acid 214 Benzothiazyl disulphide 399,411 Benzotrichloride 440 Benzoyl peroxide 9, 48, 87, 94, 128, 129,

209, 211, 358 Benzylcellulose 265, 268 Benzyldirnethylamine 375 Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide 392 Bevan 250, 259 1 ,4-Bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane 192 Bis(2-chloroethyl) formal395, 403 3,3-Bis( chloromethyl)oxacyclobutane 159,

161 Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate 217 2,2-Bis( 4' -hydroxyphenyl)propane see

Bisphenol A Bisphenol A 204, 237, 238, 371, 372, 392,

403 Bisphenol A-epichlorhydrin epoxies see

Epoxies Bischoff 237 Blood albumin glues 199 Bond energies 365 Borosilicones 362 Bouchardat 408, 426 Bouncing putty 362 Brandenberger 250 British Celanese Co. 259 British Cyanides Co. Ltd. 301 British Industrial Plastics Ltd. 301 Brockedon 407 Bulk polymerization see Polymerization Butadiene 17, 178, 181, 427,431,442

copolymers 431,434,439,440 n-Butane 432 Butanediol214, 323, 324,335, 340, 341,

453 Butanols 214, 305,313, 316 Butenes 45, 58, 118, 428, 432 Butoxymethacrylamide 133 Butyl acrylate 122

copolymers 123 Butylcellulose 265 N-n-Butylirnidazole 376 p-tert-Butylphenol281 Butyl rubber 65,428

brominated 66 chlorinated 66 development 65 preparation 65 properties 66

Calcium carbide 85, 309 Calico Printers Association Ltd. 215 Camphor 254, 256 Capric acid 214 Caprolactam 176, 180, 182

Carbide and Chemical Corp. 84 Carbon black 359,411,417,437,439 Carbon dioxide 329, 334 Carbon disulphide 250, 251 Carbon fibre 132 Carothers 4, 22, 175, 215, 237, 441 Casein 199 Castan 370 Castor oil178, 179, 325, 334, 342 Catalytic cracking 45 Cationic polymerization see Polymerization Celanese Corp. 154 Cellobiose 248 Cellophane 250 Celluloid 254, 256 Cellulose 245, 254, 259

alkali 251, 266, 267, 268 molecular weight 249 sources 245 structure 248

Cellulose, regenerated 250 development 250 preparation 251 properties 253

Cellulose acetate 259 development 259 high acetyl263 preparation 259 primary see Cellulose triacetate properties 262 secondary 261

Cellulose acetate-butyrate 264 Cellulose acetate-propionate 264 Cellulose ethers 265 Cellulose nitrate 227, 234, 249, 253

development 253 preparation 254 properties 25 7

Cellulose triacetate 259, 262, 263 Cellulose tripropionate 264 Cellulose xanthate 251 Chardonnet, de 250 Chardonnet silk 250 Chemical cellulose 245 Chlorendic acid 206 Chlorendic anhydride 206, 381, 384 Chlorinated poly( vinyl chloride) 98 Chlorobenzene 276, 277 2-Chloro-1 ,3-butadiene see Chloroprene 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane see

Epichlorhydrin 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether 123 Chloroform 138 Chlorofumaric acid 205 Chloromaleic acid 205 Chloroprene 17, 441

copolymers 443

Chlorosilanes 349, 353, 363 Chlorosulphonated polyethylene 57


Chlorotrifluoroethylene 13 7, 138 copolymers 137, 148

Chromium oxide catalyst 50 Ciba AG 370 Coal tar 273, 279, 280, 448 Cobalt linoleate 424 Cobalt naphthenate 210, 233, 355, 364 Co-catalysts 15, 64, 158 Collagen 198 Collins 441 Collodion 254 Compression set resistance 359, 401, 445 Condensation polymer 22 Condensation polymerization 22 Conformational asymmetry 41 Coniferyl alcohol 246 Co-ordination catalysts see Ziegler-Natta

catalysts Copolymers 30

alternating 31 block 32 graft 32, 81,425 random 30

Corning Glass Works 348 Cotton fibre 245 Coumarone 448 Coumarone-indene polymers 448 Courtauld, Samuel, and Co. Ltd. 250 Crafts 347 Crawford 127 Cresols 272, 279, 299 Cresylic acid 279 Cross 250, 259 Cross-linking 29, 43

see also Vulcanization Cumene 273 13-Cyanoethylmethyldichlorosilane 353 Cyclic ethers 159

polymers 159 1,3-Cyclohexadiene 451 Cyclohexane 177, 180, 279 Cyclohexanone 177, 180, 452

peroxide 209 Cyclopentadiene 206

Deacon method 86 n-Decanol214 Delinting 245 Devoe and Raynolds Co. 370 Dextrins 271 Diallyl isophthalate 236 Diallyl phthalate 207, 235 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine 194

INDEX

4,4' -Diaminodiphenyl ether 19 2 4,4' -Diaminodiphenylmethane 194, 378 4,4' -Diaminodiphenylsulphone 378 Dibutyltin dilaurate 97, 330, 361 2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl peroxide 209, 358

465

3 ,3' -Dichloro-4 ,4' -diaminodiphenylmethane 335

4,4' -Dichlorodiphenyl sulphone 403 N,N' -Dicinnamylidene-1 ,6-hexanediamine

146 Dickson 215 Dicumyl peroxide 56, 340, 416 Dicyandiamide 309, 315 Dicyclopentadiene 63

dioxide 390 Diels-Alder reaction 24, 189, 206, 226 Diene polymerization see Polymerization Diethanolamine 381 Diethylamine 379 Diethylaniline 211 Diethyl carbonate 237 Diethylene glycol203, 204, 214, 235, 324 Diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) 235 Diethylenetriamine 189, 378, 380, 381 Diglycidyl ethers 374, 388 Dihydroxydiphenylmethanes 287 Diisocyanates 319 Dimer acid 189 2-(Dimethylaminoethyl)phenol 375 Dimethylaminopropylamine 381 4-Dimethylaminopyridine 3 30 Dimethylaniline 211 2,3-Dimethylbutadiene 427, 431 N ,N-Dimethylcetylamine 331 Dimethyldichlorosilane 351, 353, 354, 357,

358,360,363 N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate 437 1 ,4-Dimethylolcyclohexane 221 2,2-Dimethylpropane-1,3-diol204, 214 Dimethyl terephthalate 216, 217, 221 Dimethyl-p-toluidine 211 Diols 204, 214, 323 Diphenyl carbonate 237, 238 Diphenylguanidine 411, 4 25 Diphenyl isophthalate 194 Diphenylmethane diisocyanate 322, 333,

335,340,344 N, N' -Disalicyalpropy lenediamine 146 Di-tert-butyl peroxide 209, 359, 416 Dithiocarbamates 411 Divinylbenzene 78 Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride 381, 384 Dodecyllactam 176, 181, 185 Dodecyl mercaptans 436,437 Dow Chemical Co. 71 Dow Coming Corp. 348 Drefus, C. 259

466 INDEX

Dreyfus, H. 259, 265 briers 233 Dumas 347 Dunlop 407 DuPont de Nemours, E. I. & Co. 84, 137,

154, 175, 215, 441

Ebonite425 Eichengruen 259 Einhorn 237 Emulsion polymerization see Polymerization Endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhy-

dride 206 Environmental stress cracking 53, 61, 68,

173,243 Epichlorhydrin 159, 161, 166, 222, 371,

372, 388, 392 Epoxides see Epoxies Epoxidized oils 391 Epoxidized polydienes 391 Epoxies 370

acyclic aliphatic 391 cyclic aliphatic 390 development 370 halogenated 389 novolak 388, 389 polyglycol 389

Epoxies, bisphenol A-epichlorhydrin 371, 389

cross-linking agents 3 7 5 modified 386 properties 384 raw materials 371 resin preparation 372

3,4-Epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexane carboxylate 390

Epoxy resins 131, 364, 372,401 Equilibration 356, 357, 365 Ester interchange 214, 216, 217, 228, 238,

240,342 Ethanolamine 325 Ethyl acrylate 118, 119, 122

copolymers 58, 123, 133 Ethylcellulose 265, 267 Ethylene 45, 85, 105, 120, 138, 159

copolymers 58, 61, 100 Ethylenediamine 189, 341, 380, 381

carbamate 146 Ethylene dichloride 86, 101, 395, 403 Ethylene glycol 204, 214, 215, 217, 224,

324,325,340,391 Ethylene oxide 116, 159, 166, 215, 268

380,396,450 Ethylene-propylene rubbers 62


Ethylene thiourea 444 Ethylenimine 450 2-Ethylhexanol 214 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate 108, 133 Ethyl-hydroxyethylcellulose 268 Euler, von 294

Faraday 408 Farbenfabriken Bayer AG. 237, 318 Farbwerke Hoechst AG. 47 Fatty acids and esters 228, 230, 231, 232 Fawcett 47 Fibroin 201 Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. 427 Fischer indole synthesis 452 Flax 248 Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers

144 Fluoroacrylate polymers 150 2-Fluorobuta-1,3-diene 150 Fluoronitrosopolymers 149 Fluoropolymers 137

development 137 raw materials 138

Fluorosilicones 151 Formaldehyde 153, 154, 272, 281, 282,

287,291,301,302,303,305,311, 313,315,316,449

copolymers 157 Formalin 155, 281, 282, 287, 291, 303,

305, 311, 313,316 Formolization 200 Formose 154 Free radical polymerization see Polymeriza-

tion Friede1347 Friedel-Crafts catalysts 15, 166,423, 449 Fumaric acid 205, 212 Functionality 29 Furan polymers 449 Furfural281, 449

polymers 449 Furfuryl alcohol449

polymers 449

Gelatin 26, 88, 198 General Bakelite Co. 272 General Electric Co. 221, 237, 348 Geometrical isomerism 17, 409 Gibson 47 Ginning 245 Gladstone 408 D-Glucose 248 Glycerol165, 221, 222, 230, 290, 324,

333 Glycidyl acrylate 133 Glycols see Diols

INDEX 467

Goodrich, B. F., Chemical Co. 84 Goodrich-Gulf Chemicals Co. 4 27 Goodyear 407 Graham 3 Greenlee 370 Grignard process 349, 352 Guaiacol 246 Guanidines 411 Guncotton 254 Gutta percha 409,426

Hancock406 Hard rubber 425 Harries 408,427 Head-to-head linkage 33 Head-to-tail linkage 33, 74, 106, 110, 145 Hedenstrom, von 237 Hemi-celluloses 246 HET acid and anhydride 206, 381, 384 Hevea brasiliensis 407 Heveaplus 425 Hexachlorocyc1opentadiene 206 Hexa-1,4-<liene 63 Hexafluoropropylene 139

copolymers 137, 144, 145 Hexahydrophthalic anhydride 381, 383,

384,385 Hexamethylenediamine 176,178, 181,323

carbamate 146, 150 Hexamethylene diisocyanate 323, 341 Hexamethylenetetramine 281, 295 1,6-Hexanediol335 1,2,6-Hexanetriol165 Hibbert 408 High-styrene resins 438 Hi11127 Hofmann426 Holzer 301 Homopolymers 30 Horne 427 Houdry process for butadiene 432 Hultzsch 294 Hunter 169 Hyatt, I. S. 254 Hyatt, J. W. 254 Hydrazine 341 Hydroperoxides 54, 77, 96, 210,231, 233,

417,425 Hydroquinone 106, 119, 208, 237,436 Hydroxyethyl acrylate 133 Hydroxyethylcellulose 266, 268 Hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose 267

I. G. Farbenindustrie AG. 71, 84, 137, 177,301,318,431,434,439

Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. 4 7, 127, 215

Indene 448 lonomers 59 lsocyanates, reactions of 325 Isodecyl alcohol214 Isomaltose 270 cis-trans-Isomerization 208 Isooctanoic acid 226 lsooctyl alcohol 214 Isopentane 428 lsopentenes 428 Isophthalic acid 206, 224, 236 Isophthaloyl chloride 191 Isoprene 17, 65,408, 428 lsotactic index 60

John 301 Jute 248

Kekule 2 Keratin 201 Kienle 221 Kipping 347, 348 Kraft pulping 24 7

Ladder polymer 132 Lauric acid 214 Lauroyl peroxide 87, 209 Lead peroxide 400 Leaf fibres 248 Leuchs 265 Levopimaric acid 226 Levulinic acid 409 Levulinic aldehyde 409, 420, 421 Lignin 246 Lilienfeld 265 Linoleic acid 189, 231

.Linseed oi1189, 233, 290, 391 Linters 245 Lithium and lithium alkyl initiators 32, 40,

75,427,429,431,433,437,438 Living polymers 12, 32

Macromolecule, definition of 1 Magnesium oxide 57, 146,425,444 Maleic acid 100 Maleic acid-vinyl acetate copolymer 88 Maleic anhydride 203, 205, 206, 207, 224,

226,381,384 Maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer 31 Maltose 269 Matthews 426 Melamine 309, 311, 313, 315 Melamine-formaldehyde polymers 301,

309,388,393 cross-linking 314 development 309

468 INDEX

properties 314 raw materials 309 resin preparation 311

Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde polymers 301,315

Mercaptobenzothiazole 411 disulphide 399,411

Mercerization 251 Methacrylic acid 59, 100, 116, 117

esters 116, 119 Methanol 313 o-Methoxyphenol 246 Methylcellulose 266 Methyldichlorosilane 351, 353, 357 2-Methylenenorborn-5-ene 63 Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 209 Methyl methacrylate 34, 119, 131, 133,

207, 234,425 N-Methylmorpholine 329, 331 Methylolmelarnines 311 Methylolphenols 283, 28 7, 292 Methylolureas 303 4-Methylpent-1-ene 4 7 Methyl rubber 431 cx-Methylstyrene 82 Methyltriacetoxysilane 362 Methyltrichlorosilane 351, 354, 363 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridine 440 Miles 259 Molybdenum trioxide catalyst 51 Montecatini 60 Mutual Recipe 435

Nadic anhydride 206 Nadic methyl anhydride 381, 383, 384, 385 Naphthalene 205, 322 Naphthenic acid 210 Naphthylene 1,5-diisocyanate 322, 335 Natta 12,60 Natural gas 46, 85 Natural rubber 406,430,434,437

chlorinated 234, 421 cyclized 423 derivatives 421 development 406 graft copolymers 425 hydrochloride 38, 423 latex 406, 407,423 oxidized 4 24 pale crepe 408 production 407 properties 417 smoked sheet 408 structure 3, 408 vulcanization 410

Natural Rubber Producers' Research Association 410

Neopentylene glycol 204, 214 Neoprene see Polychloroprenes Nitrile rubbers see Acrylonitrile-butadiene

rubbers Nitrocellulose 256

see also Cellulose nitrate Nitrosopolymers 149 Nonanol214 Novolak resins 282, 287, 290, 295, 388,

449 Nylon 3 132

6 21,176, 177,182 6,6 5, 175, 177' 181, 185, 341 6,106,176,182,185 11 5, 176, 182 12176,185

Nylons 175 copolymers 185, 187 development 1 7 5 methylmethoxy 188 numbering 176 preparation 181 properties 185 raw materials 177

Nylon salts 181, 182

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane 358, 359 n-Octanol 214 p-tert-Octylphenol 281 Oils 189, 224, 227

drying 221,224,230,290,297,388, 391

non-drying 224, 230, 388 semi-drying 224, 230, 388, 391

Olelms 45 Optical activity 40 Organosoll30 Oxacyclobutane 166 Oxidation of

drying oils 230 natural rubber 417,424 nylons 187 polyethylene 53 polyisobutene 65 polypropylene 61 polystyrene 75 poly(vinyl chloride) 96 silicones 365

Oxidative coupling 169 Oxychlorination 86 Ozone 420 Ozonolysis 409

Paraformaldehyde 154, 155,281 Paraldehyde 440 Parkes 254 Patrick 394

INDEX 469

Pechiney-St. Gobain 87 Pelargonic acid 214, 226 trans-Penta-1,3-diene 40 Pentaerythritol161, 224, 290 Peracetic acid 390, 391 Peroxides 209, 358,410,416,437,439 Petroleum 45 Phenoll77,272,273,282,287,291,315,

343,371 chlorobenzene processes 276, 277 cumene process 273 cyclohexane process 278 sulphonation process 275 toluene process 278

Phenol-formaldehyde polymers 272 cross-linking 291 development 272 properties 297 raw materials 273 resin preparation 28 2

Phenol-formaldehyde resins 234, 282, 364, 386

casting resins 291, 297 see also Novolak resins; resol resins

Phenols 169, 272,449 Phenoxies 391,404 m-Phenylenediamine 191, 378 Phenylglycidyl ether 379, 383 Phenylhydrazine 452 N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine 436 p-Phenylphenol281 Phillips Petroleum Co. 4 7, 50 Phillips process for butadiene 432 Phosgene 237, 238, 319, 321, 322, 323 Phthalic anhydride 205, 207, 214, 221, 224,

235,381,382,384 Piperidme 381 Plunkett 137 Polyacetaldehyde 153 Polyacetals 152 Polyacetone 153 Polyacrylamide 132 Polyacrylates 28, 122 Poly(acrylic acid) 121 Polyacrylonitrile 131 Polyaddition 23 Polyallomers 62 Poly(allyl ester)s 203, 235 Poly(amic acid) 193 Poly(amide-imide)s 194 Polyamides 17 5

alicyclic 190, 191 aliphatic 17 5 aromatic 17 5 fatty 175, 189, 381, 385 see also Nylons

Polybenzimidazoles 191, 194

Poly-3,3-bis(chloromethyl)oxacyclobutane 166

Poly(2,2-bis(4' -phenylene)propane carbonate) see Polycarbonates

cis-1,4-Polybutadiene 78,434 trans-! ,4-Polybutadiene 434 Polybutadienes 81, 391,431

development 431 preparation 433 properties 434 raw materials 431

Polybut+ene 45, 67 Polycarbonates 6, 203, 237, 392, 404


Polychloroprenes 441 development 441 preparation 44 2 properties 445 raw materials 441 vulcanization 444

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 13 7, 14 2 Polycyclamides 190, 191 Poly-1,3-cyclohexadiene 451 Poly(cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene tere-

phthalate) 221 Poly( 1 ,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene

suberamide) 192 Polydienes 406 Poly( 1, 1-dihydroperfluorobutyl a cry !ate)

150 Poly(2 ,6-dimethyl-1 ,4-pheny lene oxide)

170,404 Polyepichlorhydrin 166 Polyesteramides 325, 339 Polyester foams 318, 331,332

see also Polyurethane foams Polyester plasticizers 214 Polyester resins 208, 213 Polyesters for polyurethanes 324, 330,

331, 334,339, 340, 342, 343, 344

Polyesters, linear saturated 203, 214, 215 Polyesters, linear unsaturated 203

cross-linking 209 development 203 preparation 207 properties 213 raw materials 204

Polyesters, network 203, 221 development 221 film formation 230 preparation 227 raw materials 222 structure 228

470 INDEX

Polyether foams 319, 330, 332, 333 see also Polyurethane f.:>ams

Polyethers 152, 392 Polyethers for polyurethanes 164, 168, 324,

325,330,333,334,339,340,342, 343,344

Polyethylene 8, 22, 45,47, 259,423 chlorinated 56 chlorosulphonated 57 development 4 7 irradiated 55 preparation 48 properties 53 structure 48, 50

Poly(ethylene adipate) 335 Poly( ethylene glycol) see Poly( ethylene

oxide) Poly(ethylene oxide) 21, 162, 214 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) 6, 193, 215


Polyethylenirnine 450 Poly-2-fluorobuta-1 ,3-diene 150 Polyfluoroprene 150 Polyformaldehyde 153


Polyfunctional amines 377, 384, 385, 391 Poly hydric alcohols see Polyols Polyirnides 191, 192 Polyisobutene 45, 64


cis-1,4-Polyisoprene 409,427 trans-1 ,4-Polyisoprene 409, 4 26, 4 27 Polyisoprenes 426

development 426 latex 430 preparation 429 properties 430 raw materials 428

Polyketals 15 2 Polymer

addition 22 atactic 36 branched 27 concept of 2 condensation 22 cross-linked 29, 43 defmition of 1 isotactic 3 7 ladder 132 linear 27

network 29 non-linear 27 syndiotactic 3 7 tactic 36 thermoplastic 43 thermoset 43

Polymerization addition 22 anionic 10, 16, 18, 32, 162 bulk 24, 48, 73, 87, 109, 128, 154 cationic 14, 16, 19 chain 23, 25 condensation 22 diene 17, 28, 35 emulsion 26, 74, 88, 106, 130, 431,435,

439,442 free radical 9, 18, 27 functional group 5, 23, 25, 28 heteromultiple bond 20 interfacial191, 240 multiple bond 7 rearrangement 23 ring-opening 21, 23 solution 25, 73, 99, 109, 129, 131, 134,

154,191,239,437 stepwise 23, 25 suspension 26, 73, 87, 99, 101, 109,

129,131,140,191,396 vinyl?, 27, 33, 39

Polymerization casting 184 Polymethacrylates 124 Poly(methacrylic acid) 121 Poly(methyl acrylate) 122 Poly(methyl methacrylate) 8, 124, 127

development 127 preparation 128 properties 130

Poly-4-methylpent-1-ene 45, 68 Polyolefins 45 Polyols 222, 32>, 329, 333, 343, 344, 345 Poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol168, 325,

335,339,340,341 Poly(3-perfluoromethoxy-l,l-dihydroper-

fluoropropyl acrylate) 150 Poly-p-phenylene 451 Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) 191 Poly(phenylene oxide) 170, 404 Polypropylene 8, 45,60

development 60 preparation 60 properties 60

Poly(propylene fumarate) 208 Poly(propylene glycol) see Poly(propylene

oxide) Poly(propylene oxide) 38, 164, 325, 389 Poly(sodium acrylate) 124, 132 Poly(sodium methacrylate) 131

Polystyrene 8, 71, 174, 259 development 71 expanded 79 isotactic 7 5 preparation 72 properties 75 raw materials 71 rubber-modified 78 structure 7 4

Polysulphide elastomers 6, 394 curing processes 399 development 394 dispersions 398 liquid 399,401 preparation 396 properties 401 raw materials 394 solid 398, 401

Polysulphones 403 preparation 404 properties 404

Polytetrafluoroethylene 8, 137, 140 preparation 140 properties 140

Polytetrahydrofuran see Poly(oxytetra-methylene) glycol

Polythene see Polyethylene Polyurethane adhesives 345 Polyurethane elastomers 335

cast 335 millable 337, 345 thermoplastic 340

Polyurethane fibres 341 Polyurethane foams 318,329

flexible 329 rigid 333 semi-rigid 334

Polyurethane moulding compounds 341 Polyurethane surface coatings 342

one-component systems 342 two-component systems 343

Polyurethanes 7, 28, 29, 318 development 318 pre-polymers 331, 335, 337, 342, 344 quasi pre-polymers 331, 334 raw materials 319

Poly(vinyl acetal)s 22, 104, 113 Poly( vinyl acetate) 21, 27, 28, 104, 109,

113 alcoholysis 109 preparation 106 properties 108 raw materials 104 structure 106, 110

Poly(vinyl alcohol) 22, 26, 87, 104, 108, 109, 113, 114

degree of alcoholysis 110

INDEX

preparation 109 properties 111 structure 110

Poly( vinyl butyral) 113, 114 Poly(vinyl carbazole) 452 Poly( vinyl chloride) 8, 84, 391

chlorination 98 degradation 91, 92 development 84 plasticizers 91 preparation 87 properties 90 raw materials 85 stabilization 91, 92, 97 structure 8 9 syndiotactic 90

Poly(vinyl ether)s 453 Poly( vinyl ethyl ether) 453 Poly(vinyl fluoride) 143 Poly( vinyl formal) 113 Poly( vinylidene chloride) 8, 10 2 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) 144 Poly( vinyl isobutyl ether) 453 Poly(vinyl ketal)s 113 Poly(vinyl methyl ether) 453 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 453 Poly-p-xylylene 454 Potassium amide 10 Potassium persulphate 81, 106, 123,436 Priestley 406

471

Propylene 45, 47, 117, 120, 160, 222, 223, 428

copolymers 61, 100 Propylene glycol204, 207, 214, 224, 324 Propylene oxide 40, 159, 160, 204, 380 Propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolymers

325 Proteins 175, 195 Pyromellitic dianhydride 192, 381, 384

Quebrachitol 407, 408 p-Quinone dioxime 400

Rank 395 Rayon

acetate 259, 262 cuprammonium 250 high tenacity 253 saponified acetate 251 viscose 250, 263

Redistribution 35 3 Redox initiators 436 Reforming 46 Rennet 199 Resin 1, 43 Resitols 295 Resits 295

472 INDEX

Resol resins 114, 282, 290, 291 Resorcinol237, 272, 280 Retrogradation 270 Ricinoleic acid 178, 225,325 Rohm and Haas AG. 127 Rosin 226, 290 Rubber see Natural rubber Rubber hydrocarbon 407,408 Rubbers, world production 427

Schonbein 253 Schotten-Baumann reaction 238 Schutzenberger 259 Sebacic acid 176, 178, 206, 214, 224, 324 Sericin 201 Silanes 348 Silanols 348, 349 Silica 349, 359 Silicor 349, 350 Silicone elastomers 356, 357, 366

dimethyl358, 360, 367 fluoro 151, 360,367 fusible 362 nitrile 360, 36 7 phenyl360 room temperature vulcanizing 355, 360,

367 vinyl359

Silicone fluids 35 7, 365 Silicone-polyalkylene oxide copolymer 330,

333 Silicone resins 234, 363, 367 Silicones 34 7

development 347 nomenclature 348 polymerization 353 raw materials 349

Silicon tetrachloride 347, 349, 351 Silk 201 Siloxanes 348, 353, 360

cyclic 354, 355, 357, 358 Sisal 248 Smith 221 Soap 222, 223 Soaps, metal 233 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 268 Sodium polysulphides 394 Solution polymerization see Polymerization Sorbitol 224 Soyabean glues 20 1 Soyabean oill89, 391 Spandex fibres 325, 341 Sparks 65 Spill 253 Standard Oil4 7, 51, 64, 65, 434, 439 Stannous octoate 330, 355 Starch 269

Staudinger 3, 409 Stearic acid 411 Stem fibres 248 Styrene 34, 71, 203, 207, 208, 212, 234

copolymers 71, 78, 79, 80, 82, 133,434, 444

Styrene-butadiene rubbers 78, 434, 435 block copolymers 435, 438 development 434 latex 438 preparation 435 properties 437

Suberic acid 192 Sulphate pulping 24 7 Sulphenamides 411 Sulphite pulping 24 7 Sulphur395,407,410,425,442 Sulphur-containing polymers 394 Suspension polymerization see Polymer-

ization

Tacticity 36, 153, 165 Tail-to-tail linkage 33 Terephthalic acid 216 Terpolymer 30 Tertiary amines 327, 328, 375, 384, 391,

401 Tetrabromobisphenol A 389 Tetrachlorobisphenol A 389 Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 206 Tetrachloroquinone 440 Tetraethoxysilane 361 Tetraethylsilane 347 Tetraethylthiuram disulphide 442 Tetrafluoroethylene 137, 138

copolymers 137, 144, 149 Tetrahydrofuran 159, 161 Tetramethylthiuram disulphide 411 Thermal cracking 46 Thermoplastic polymer 43 Thermoplastic rubbers 340, 435, 438 Thermoset polymer 43 Thiazoles 411 Thiokol Chemical Corp. 394 Thiourea 316 Thiourea-formaldehyde polymers 301, 316 Thiurams 411 Thomas65 Toluene 278, 319 p-Toluenesulphonic acid 423 Tolylene diisocyanate 319, 330, 331, 334,

335,341,342,343,344 dimer 339

Tootal, Broadhurst Lee Co. Ltd. 302 Topham 250 Triallyl cyanurate 207 Trichlorofluoromethane 333, 334

INDEX 473

1 ,2,3-Trichloropropane 396 Trichlorosilane 351, 353 Triethanolamine 364, 376 Triethylaluminium-titanium tetrachloride

catalyst 12 Triethylenediamine 328, 330, 333 Triethylene glycol214 Triethylenetetramine 150, 378, 379 Trifluoronitrosomethane 140

copolymers 149 -y-Trifluoropropylmethyldichlorosilane 353 Trimellitic anhydride 194 Trimethylchlorosilane 351, 353, 354 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane 165, 224,324,

343,344 Trioxan 153, 155 Triphenylmethane 4,4' ,4" -triisocyanate 345 2,4,6-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol

376,377 Tung oi1189

Union Carbide Corp. 403 United States Rubber Co. 203 Urea 301, 302, 303, 305,449 Urea-formaldehyde polymers 301

cross-linking 3 06 development 301 properties 309 raw materials 302 resin preparation 303

Urea-thiourea-formaldehyde resins 301, 316 Urethane oils 342

van Natta 237 Vinyl acetate 104

copolymers 58, 99, 108, 131 N-Vinyl carbazole 45 2 Vinyl chloride 34, 85, 101

copolymers 84, 99, 100, 101

Vinyl chloroacetate 123 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide 390 Vinyl fluoride 137, 139 Vinylidene chloride 101, 139

copolymers 101 Vinylidene fluoride 137, 139

copolymers 137, 145, 148 Vinyl polymerization see Polymerization 2-Vinylpyridine 131 Vinylpyridine rubbers 440 N-Vinylpyrrolidone 453 Vinyltoluene 133,234 Viscose 253 Vulcanite 425 Vulcanization 123, 145, 150,407,410

accelerated sulphur 410,437,439,444 peroxide 410,416,437, 439

Vulcanized fibre 251

Whinfield 215 Wickham 407 Williams 408 Wood pulp 246 Wool201

p-Xylene 216, 454 hexachloride 440

Xylenols 169, 272, 280, 299 p-Xylylene 454

Ziegler 12, 47, 49, 60, 62, 67, 68,427 Ziegler-Natta catalysts 12, 19, 40, 49, 62,

75,181,427,429,431,433,451, 453

Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate 411 Zinc octoate 364 Zinc oxide 411, 443 Zinke 293

appendix i trade names and manufacturers - springer978-94-017-2504-0/1.pdf · appendix i trade...

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