appendix d_timeline of historical events and engagement activities.pdf

The information was divided into Global, Level 1 and Level 2 events (Figure X). Global events were

defined as occurrences that are wide, far-reaching, national and possibly global in their nature and

have thus affected both study sites. The implementation of a new policy or the rainfall data are

examples of such an event. Level 1 events were more local in their impact and nature. Grey

literature was consulted as sources for Global as well as Level 1 events. The open/close status of

the respective estuary mouths are an example of a Level 1 event. Level 2 events were also events

that were local in their impact but were the events as reported by the stakeholders through the one-

on-one or group interviews or information gained during the workshops.

Wilderness Lakes Global events Swartvlei

Meta-identity

Level 2 (as reported by stakeholders)

Level 1 (Grey literature)

Date Year Date Level 1 (Grey literature)

Level 2 (as reported by stakeholders)

Meta-identity

1845

Gerbers bought the property from Duiwe River to right through to

Associations

Business

Charity organisation

Conservancy

Governmental departments

Informal groupings

Multiple stakeholder project

Learning/education

Spiritual groups

Sports club

Workshop

Important event as indicated by participants

halfway Langvlei (I11)

1865

The property that Wilderness is standing on now was swapped for a piece of land in George 1

Feb 1869

"The Great fire" burned huge areas of natural forest 2. This followed a seven year drought and horse sickness 3

1874

Touwmond/Barbierskraal were sold for 225 pounds after liquidation to William Guest and James Thwaites 1;4

The Dumbletons moved into Fairy Knowe House 5

1876

J.J. Hooper discovered a gold nugget in a dry tributary of the Karatara River 6

1877

Build farmhouse and farmed the area that are now called The Green (I11)

Sold Touwmond to George William Bennett for 500 pounds 4

Jan

1880

Government appointed a superintendent to take control and legalise forestry 7

Large forested areas around Karatara was cleared due to the gold rush 6

Families bought plots in Goudveld area to start prospecting for gold (I4)

First Anglo-Boer War 1880-1881 8;9

Krakatoa tsunami goes over Fairy Knowe dunes (WS, 2013)

South African Gold rush 8;9

1882

It was reported

that gold prospecting started in the Karatara area 10

1883

By now the name "The Wilderness" was used on official notepapers from the Bennett's 4

She married his cousin before moving back to Liverpool (I11)

George William Bennett passes away and the property, 3 bedroom house, is let for holiday residents and farming while the widow moved back to England 11

Dec

1886

Around 1886 first and longest rainfall record in SA (Harkerville) (WS, 2013)

1894

John Barrington bought Lots A &

B and renamed it Sedgefield 12

1899

Second Anglo-Boer war 1899-1902 9

1905

Started to run the old farmhouse as a guest house (I11)

Wilderness Estate Company bought Wilderness from the Bennett family for 10 000 pounds 13

The current road from Wilderness Heights were also build during this period 13

The Bennett farmhouse was converted to a guest house (Now the Karos hotel) 13

1910

Formation of Union of South Africa 8;9

1912

African

National Congress (ANC) founded 9

1913

Land act: Prevented blacks from purchasing land 8;9

Start of woodcutters being relocated to Karatara (I15)

1914

First families moved from the lakes and forests to live in Hoekwil and Karatara (I5; I14; I15)

National Party founded 9

Farmland that are now Hoekwil was transferred to the Armsorg Kommitee of the local NG Kerk (I11)

1921

Development of Wilderness starts in the form of a better road surface

Participants grandfather use to farm with sweet

for the current road and the building of a railway track 14

potato, beans, potatoes, pumpkins and corn (I16)

Owen Grant Found Wilderness LTD (WS, 2013)

Owen Grant laid out the plots for the houses. The border of the town ended at Duiwe River with the Gerbers farming on the floodplain on the other side of the river (I11)

1927

First bridge (railway) over Touw River Lagoon (WS, 2013)

Between 1927 and 1930 the last woodcutter licenses was received. The believe was that this white impoverished

class needed to be rehabilitated 6

The bridge are the cause for the silting we see today (I11)

Movement of mouth restricted by bridge (I11)

1927/28 Building of railway through Wilderness - which was the only station between George and Knysna (WS, 2013) 15

Railway bridge over the Swartvlei is built (21)

The building of the bridge was the reason why the water in the lake area became fresh enough

for animals to drink from. This is now reversing due to the heavy extraction of water from the rivers (I21)

1928

Wilderness hotel rebuilt in modern form (WS, 2013)

The rebuilding of the hotel seemed to have been due to the railway coming through Wilderness 15

1929

Dumbletons bought the land from the Gerbers (I11)

Dumbletons add to the guest house by building a private hotel: Fairy Knowe hotel 5

Sedgefield was proclaimed a town and managed by the Divisional Council of George 12

1930

Pirates Creek railway bridge blocks sagged during a flood (I12)

Flood 16 The foundation of the centre portion of the Swartvlei railway bridge is washed away,

necessitating a rebuild with a slightly lowering of the foundation and additional concrete and rocks (I2)

Around this time plantations replaced indigenous forest as the main wood supplier 6

1931

1930s Owen Grant organised weekend away, where you can fly from JHB to George and take the train to Wilderness (I11)

National drought (WS, 2013)

Participants recall how they had to walk inland to collect water squeezing it from the clayey soil (I16)

There were severe flooding after the drought (I29)

1932

Due to extensive flooding an yachting expedition from Knysna to Island Lake had to be abandoned 17

1935

Knysna sailors brought in five yacht via rail to sail at Island Lake 17

Sea Shore act 21 of 1935 18

1937

The Island was flooded that only a small part of it was showing (I21)

1943

61 Air School trained pilots for the second world war at the George airfield. They use to take their weekend pass going down to Fairy Knowe Hotel 19

1944

Mar Road bridge

over Swartvlei completed 20

National Road Board breaches the Touw River mouth as their interim road caused the mouth to stay closed and the estuary water affected the farms 21

Apr

1946

Could jump off the railway bridge into deep water before the road bridge was build (I14)

Road bridge of N2 completed 20

Mar

The building of the bridges had an effect on the estuaries (I14)

Hoekwil church breaks away from the

church in George (I14)

Sometime after 1946 a drawbridge was built over the Serpentine 22

1947

A Sunderland airplane landed on Swartvlei to survey the lake as a possible emergency stop for the Cape Town Durban route 5

1948

Leggatt family moves to Wilderness (I12)

PW Botha elected as MP for George constituency 20;23

Apartheid policy adopted by National Party 8;9

1950

Group Areas Act adopted

The Boshoff family used to

(segregates black and white people) 8;9

visit Swartvlei for three weeks over December/January leaving Hoekwil with their ossewa. There used to be a lot of fishing in the lakes with five men having to set the treknet 24

1951

Touw river flooded and a 130 mm of rain was recorded and major damage was reported 25

Rained for eight days and Touw River flooded. Caught 12 streepsakke of fish 24

Jan

Landing stages/jetties washed away in the 1951 flood 26

Next three decades saw lots of

Participant remembers how they had

development (I11)

to cross the Swartvlei estuary with an ox wagon before the N2 bridge were build (I21)

N2 completed 20 Apr Participants feel that the N2 is a shame and that it had a major influence on the area (I3; I6; I11; I12; I14; I18)

1952

First Wilderness Local area Board constituted 27

Another flood when the whole Island was covered by water (I21)

N2 officially opened 28

Jul

1954

First Interclub yacht race in Southern Cape at Swartvlei 17;29

George Lakes Yacht Club

established 17

1955

George Lakes Yacht club purchased land on the banks of Swartvlei 17

1956

Wilderness sold to Dr Krynauw (WS, 2013)

Village Management Board was created 12

1958

Eastern Cape Yacht Racing Association Regatta were held at Swartvlei 17

Veld & Vlei Adventure School were established 17

1960

George Lakes Yacht club moves to Island Lake (I18)

A common sight at Island Lake was one of the Gerickes rowing a goat across the lake to the island where they allowed

International pressure against National Party government begins 9

Yacht club moves from Swartvlei to Island Lake 17;30

Caravan holidays were big in 1960's and 70's and there was six caravan parks in Sedgefield

the animals to graze 17

and all of them made their profit over the three/four week Christmas/New year holiday (I3)

Coloured community, which up to know lived amongst the white's as 'bywoners' in Hoekwil, was moved to Touwsranten (I14)

Wilderness Lakes Management Board started administration of area 17

Railway was used as a commuter train during the 60s. There was not really alternative transport to George or Knysna (I18)

From 1960 to 70s development started on the dunes at Wilderness (I14)

1961

South Africa became a republic 8

Water gauge placed in Swartvlei (I29)

1962

Participant told a story of how he survived as a child fishing in the lake after his mother abandoned them (I5)

1967

Dr. Chris Barnard performed first heart plant. He was a regular visitor to Wilderness 31

1968

32;33

Tarred Hoekwil bridge build over Serpentine 34

As a child the participant remember sitting under the bridge waiting for his white friends to return from

Wilderness beach zoned only for the use of whites 31

the beach (I5)

There was a drought. You had to go in very deep into the lakes to find cool water. Fairy Knowe ended up laying pipes into the mountains for water (I5)

Jan Rainfall below 20mm for the month 31

Floodplain burned (I5)

Jan Water restrictions were in place 31

Jan Earthquake makes the mountains rumble 31

Mouth is torn open 31

Feb Southern Cape experience one of the worst tidal waves in history 31

Lakes Area Management Board

Jul Lakes placed under government

manages lakes (I11)

protection 35

Dec Mouth breached at 0.804m 32

1969

Several people fell ill with stomach complaints after swimming in the lakes 35

Feb

10 Mar Mouth closed 32

18 Jun Mouth breached at 1.643m 32

15 Sep Mouth closed 32

04 Nov Mouth breached at 1.414m 32

03 Dec Mouth closed 32

30 Dec Mouth breached at 0.804m 32

1970

Lakes trust fight for the preservation of the lakes systems 36

Mountain Catchment Areas Act 63 of 1970 18

Feb Anthrax outbreak at Ruigtevlei 36

Research station at Rondevlei established 35

Swartvlei used to be the prime sailing destination in the 70s and 80s to virtually no sailing

today due to lack of access. People accessed the area through the then Pine Lake Marina caravan park (I18)

Around 3 million people in South Africa forcibly resettled 9

Dune adjacent to Swartvlei caravan park burned around the 1970s (I20)

21 Jan Mouth closed 32

03 Sep Mouth breached at 1.516m 32

1971

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat, 1971 18

12 May

Mouth closed 32

10 Jul Mouth breached at 1.693m 32

1972

06 Apr Mouth closed 32

N2/7 re-alignment early 1970 (WS, 2013)

The new alignment of the N2 would pass by the George Lakes Yacht club clubhouse. Due to this reason any further improvements to the clubhouse were stopped 17

16 Aug Mouth breached at 1.566m 32

WRRA formed (WS, 2013)

1973

Seabird and Seals Protection Act 46 of 1973 18

Participant moved to Sedgefield (I16)

Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild Fauna

and Flora, 1973 18

02 May

Mouth closed 32

Flooding in Sedgefield (Oorstroming in Sedgefield) (WS, 2013)

1974

Sedgefield attained municipal status 12

19 Mar Mouth breached at 1.566m 32



1975

Lake Areas Development Act 39 of 1975 (repealed) 18;35

Expropriation Act 63 of 1975 18

Institute of Fresh water

During 1970s Rhodes

studies (Rhodes University) established a research station at Swartvlei) 35

Limnology Department established a research base at Swartvlei (I18)

They dredged two channels to connect Rondevlei and Langvlei (I18)

George Divisional Council widened and deepened the channel between Island Lake and Upper-Langvlei 35

Lakes Areas Development Board minuted that they were initially only going to focus on the Wilderness Lakes. Plant encroachment, silting and the opening and closing of the mouth were the most important issues 37

There were fears that the main land and the island in Island Lake

might connect due to siltation and reed encroachment (I18)

Up to 1975 the mouth was opened by the Duiweriver farmers once their lands flooded. This was also in conjunction with Claude Watney the owner of a caravan park (currently Pirates Creek) 37

Estuary mouth was opened by a local farmer when the water reached 1.7m as the septic tanks started to flood. The town clerk was notified but no other permission was given (I3)

Expropriation of the low lying lands was suggested 37

Up to this time period the mouth was opened by farmers and their workers. (I21)

15 May

Mouth closed 32


1976

National Parks Act No 57 of 1976 (repealed) 18



24 Jun Mouth closed 32

05 Oct Mouth breached at 2.252m 32

1977

First South African Lake Area was proclaimed (mouth of Touw, Serpentine, Island Lake and Upper-Langvlei) 37

Opening of George Airport (previously known as PW Botha Airport) 38

21 Jul Mouth closed 32



1978

Average temperature 16.6oC. Average rainfall 563.44mm (airport) 39

PW Botha became the Prime Minister of South Africa 23

Three properties were added to the Lake Area 37

March


1979


Sedgefield gets electricity from the National grid

Holidaymakers attended ratepayers

12 meetings once a year (December) and seemed to be very happy with the management of the town (I3)

Mouth closed 32 01 Jan

05 May

Mouth closed 32


Mouth open 32 01 Sep

Mouth closed 32 01 Oct

1980

The Serpentine was managed deliberately by manipulating the water levels by means of the sluice gates (I18)

Serpentine drawbridge destroyed and sluice gates installed by the Lakes Area Board 22


People started discovering the Island in Sedgefield (I3)

The building (in 1940) as well as

07 Jul Mouth closed 32 Despite warnings that development

upgrading of the N2 (1980) was bad for the system (I12)

should not take place below the 5m contour line, development on the Island started. Waterfront property sold for R6000.00 (I3)

Doubled the N2 across the mouth (I11)

CSIR science report on Swartvlei published around 1980 (WS, 2013)

This period of time was marked by intensive management of the system opening of the mouth as well as dredging and manipulation of the water level (I12; I18)


Around the 1980s John Hugh bought Pine Lake Marina. Also developed timeshare housing on the Island = 1st phase of development (I3)

I14 has been

holidaying in the area and now owns a house at Myola Beach (I14)

Mouth open 32 02 Dec 02 Dec Mouth closed 32

Mouth closed 32 11 Dec

1981

Average temperature 16.2oC. Average rainfall not measured (airport) 39

Two volume report on the limnology of the Touw River floodplain presented to Coastal Lakes Working Group 40

Mouth open 32 25 Jan

26 Jan Mouth breached at 1.871m 32

Mouth closed 32 03 Mar

Mouth open 32 26 Mar

1982


N2 doubled, Station garden Wilderness halved (WS, 2013)

Mouth closed 32 18 Jul Carte Blanch story on Swartvlei mouth controversy around 1982 (WS, 2013)


1983

Average temperature not measured. Average rainfall not measured (airport) 39

Upper catchments of Swartvlei controlled by DEA. Surrounding areas of Swartvlei managed by Outeniqua Divisional Council. Eastern bank managed

Saasveld road tarred around 1983 - Blasting Kaaimans weir (WS, 2013)

by Sedgefield Municipality 41

Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 18



01 Apr National Parks Board takes over management of Wilderness Lake Area from Lakes Area Development Board 18

Management became formalised (I3; I6; I18)

Mouth open 32 25 Jul


1984

Average temperature 17.3oC. Average rainfall not measured (airport) 39

Mouth closed 32 01 Apr Participant

bought timeshare on the Island (I29)




1985




Mouth open 32 25 Oct


1986


Mouth closed 32 08 Feb


National Parks Board declare Swartvlei system and surrounding property as a National Lake Area 18

02 May

9 Jun Sedgefield lions established (WS, 2013)




1987


01 Feb Mouth closed 32

Mouth open 32 15 Apr

23 Apr Mouth breached at 1.85m 32

04 Mouth closed 32

May

Mouth closed 32 05 May

Mouth open 32 25 Sep 25 Sep Mouth breached at 1.795m 32

People were moved due to the declaration of the National Park. The beach was a whites only zone as well so the coloured children were only allowed to swim in the estuary (I5)

Nov Wilderness Lake Area and all state land falling within those boundaries were proclaimed as the Wilderness National Park 18

Wilderness Lakes National Park was declared (I11)

1988

Average temperature 17.1oC. Average rainfall 533.65mm

(airport) 39

Mouth closed 32 01 Apr


1989


In late 80s several boys were electrocuted when trying to gain access to Swartvlei via Bleshoender with their hobie cat (I3)

Environmental Conservation Act 73 of 1989 18

PW Botha retired from politics and came to live in his house in Wilderness De Anker 23

Mouth open 32 01 Nov



1990


Another growth spurt of Sedgefield happened in the 1990's with the development of Groenvallei, Myoli Beach and Cola Beach (I3)




1991

Average temperature 17oC. Average rainfall 561.04mm (airport) 39

Physical Planning Act 125 of 1991 18

Convention of Migratory Species of Wild Animals,

1991 18

17 Feb Mouth breached at 2.01m 32

Mouth open 32 20 Feb


Pre-SANParks there were a very hands-on management style (I12; I18)

Apr Control of Rondevlei as well as the lands between Rondevlei and Swartvlei where moved from Cape Directorate of Nature and Environment Conservation to National Parks Board 18


Jun Serpentine, Eilandvlei, Langvlei and Rondevlei declared a RAMSAR site 18


Mouth closed 32 22 Nov

Mouth open 32 05 Dec 05 Dec Mouth breached at 1.73m 32



1992

Around this time the main engagement was around pollution of the Touw river (I6)

Average temperature 16.7oC. Average rainfall 892.54mm (airport) 39 725.5mm (Rondevlei) 32

Sparrie Barnard opened mouth (WS, 2013)

Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 18

Mouth open 32 23 Jul


Mouth closed 32 23 Aug


1993

Foundation of WETA (WS, 2013)

Wilderness Eco-Tourism Association (WETA) was started by stakeholders 42

Average temperature 16.5oC. Average rainfall 869.96mm

Judy Dixon chairman of WESSA Sedgefield for 8 years (I17)

(airport) 39; 824.6mm (Rondevlei) 32

Constantia Kloof approval (WS, 2013)

Participant remembers this as the first time she entertained a non-white person in her house (I17)

Participant I17 moved to the area

A participant that use to work for SANParks feared for his life, he believe because of the questions he asked of head office (I5)






24 Sep Mouth breached at 2m 32

1994

Participant remembers the days when 10 guys walked behind the grader removing rocks from the culverts, etc. Now, 2012, it is just the driver (I12)

Average temperature 16.2oC. Average rainfall 618.22mm (airport) 39; 703mm (Rondevlei) 32

Saw a lot of changes in the demographics of the area with a lot of international interest in buying property (I11)

Apartheid ends with the ANC winning the first non-racial election 9

21 May

Mouth closed 32


Mouth open 32 02 Aug

15 Aug Mouth breached at 2m 32


Mouth open 32 24 Dec

1995

First and only Municipal Council elected for Wilderness 43

Average temperature 16.5oC. Average rainfall 839.18mm (airport) 39; 710.65mm (Rondevlei) 32

Report done on the hydrological effect of the railway bridge (I3)

Development Facilitation Act 67 of 1995 18

I17 did export protea farming until the export regulations demanded unsustainable farming methods in order to achieve the standards



Mouth open 32 30 Nov 30 Nov Mouth breached at 2.02m 32

Workshop participant queried this date (WS, 2013)

1996

Eden adventures was established (I12)


Enviro-garden started in Sedgefield under WESSA (I17)

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act No 108 of 1996 18

Richard from Elandskraal took over the chair of WESSA Sedgefield (I17)

A fire destroy some of the Southern Cape forest 2

Sedgefield WESSA integrated with WESSA George (I17)

The one foot of the railway bridge at Fairy Knowe washed away (I12)

Freesia Rock railway bridge pillar collapse 16

157mm (Rondevlei) of rain over three days 16

Water was a meter deep in the boat sheds at the George Lakes

Yacht club with boats floating off their dollies 17





3rd week of Nov fairly heavy rain & flooding (WS, 2013)

1997

Another big flood somewhere in 1997 (I12)

Wilderness Craft Market started on first Sunday of every month and a portion of the profit went to the Honorary rangers 44


97/98 Ban on building below 3m mandated by Sedgefield Municipality (WS, 2013)

KidBuddy, outdoor playground for children, started in the Island Lake floodplain 45

17 Jan 72.91ha of land in the Duiwe River

catchment proclaimed as part of the Wilderness National Park. It was under control of Regional Services Council 18


Mouth open 32 27 May

Mouth closed 32 06 Jul




1998

Alternate route for N2 across Serpentine proposed 1998 2000 (WS, 2013)


No official deproclamation Rooti's

Marine Living Resources Act 18 of

Route (WS, 2013)

1998 18

Farmer sells his land between Rondevlei and Langvlei to a developer that subdivided the land by end 2003 (I17)

National Water Act 36 of 1998 18

Montage Village approved despite all land below 3m around (WS, 2013)

National Forest Act 84 of 1998 18

Veld and Forest Fire Act 101 of 1998 18

National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 18

04 Feb Mouth breached at 1.58m 32




Big fire on Wilderness Heights due to Berg Wind (WS, 2013)

Aug

1999

Average temperature 17.1oC. Average rainfall not recorded (airport) 39; 547.7mm (Rondevlei) 32

Mountain Club South Cape Sub-section was formed 46

National Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999 18

Mouth open 32 19 Apr 19 Apr Mouth breached at 2.1m 32




2000

Change of park management 1989-2000 Paul Seaban (WS, 2013)


The Sedgefield Island Conservancy was formed in early 2000 (I23)

Mouth open 32 12 Jan



30 May

Mouth closed 32

Mouth closed 32 01 Jun

Jul Student instructor of Outward Bound drowns in Swartvlei 47

Mouth open 32 13 Nov


2001


Mouth open 32 01 Jan Southern Cape Weeds Forum was founded 48

01 Jan Mouth breached at 2m 32


Mouth open 32 09 Feb



05 Dec Mouth breached at 1.86m 32

2002

Average temperature not recorded. Average rainfall not recorded (airport) 39; 589.3mm (Rondevlei) 32


Mouth open 32 10 Sep 10 Sep Mouth breached

at 2.15m 32


26 Oct Mouth closed 32

2003

WALEAF formed (I7; WS, 2013)


National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act 57 of 2003 18

Mar Water levels reached 3.2m in estuary 49

SANParks waited for the water to rise before opening the mouth and probably caused some houses to flood (I3)

Mouth open 32 25 Mar Huge storms were reported 50, 157mm (Rondevlei) of rain over 2 days 16


Lakes Road were flooded and the mouth was open

25 Mar 25 Mar Roads were flooded causing traffic delays 53

and in full flood 51, campers had to be rescued from Ebb & Flow by the NSRI 52

and animals had to be brought to safety 51

E-coli results of Touw River published 54 due to concerns raised 55

08 Apr Sedgefield flood committee was established after the floods 49

WRRA community (50 people) beach clean-up around the mouth. Also took away the driftwood 56

22-Apr

Touwsranten housing issue discussed in an article as well as in letters to the editor 43;57-59

In a letter to the editor various authors complained about the cleaning of the driftwood off the beaches 42;58;60

May

Article about RAMSAR and the importance of RAMSAR 61

May

May Start to pay for plastic shopping bags + 62

Jun New conservation fee and loyalty card system introduced for all National parks 63

New sewerage system for Wilderness is discussed 59

03-Jun


Jun SANParks wins an tourism reward for ensuring that disabled persons can access parks 64

Access route from N2 to Ebb & Flow is paved 65

Jun

George Municipality declared as a

Jun

'Plaaslike owerheid' and ward committees 66

Leopard caught in a gin trap close to Wilderness 67

Jul

21 Aug Mouth closed 32

Oct Concerns were raised about the pollution levels in the Klein Wolwe River 68

Mouth breached at 2.06m 32

18 Oct


2004

Ds Alwyn Burger starts as the church minister at Die Vleie (I14)


I3 moved to the area but has been holidaying here since the 1980s (I3)

The Wilderness Catchment Management Forum was very active

during 2004 to 2006 and they believe that the reason was the property boom in the area (I3)

Development moved away from caravan parks to houses (I3)

Jack Ruben was the chairman of the WLCMF (I3) +

Feb Poaching of prawns in Swartvlei reported 69

Pine Lake Marina used to be a caravan park but now has chalets for the last 25 years (I3)

Official opening of the new Eden Adventures offices 70

Feb

Mar Engagement process started on The Lakes Eco and Golf

Landowners surprised the developer with their level of

Resort 71 expertise. As the engagement process continued his act also became more polished (I17)

No action is being taken on the future of the Choo-tjoe. It does influence tourism (I12)

Outeniqua Choo-tjoe derails at the Rondevlei crossing. This was due to the subsidence of the track made worse by recent rain 72

Mar The closing of the Choo-Tjoe is very negative for the tourism of the area (I17; I18) -

Mar Negative reaction to the proposed The Lakes Eco and Golf Resort + 73

There was fight and offers of bribery. The stakeholders ended up making all the relevant results public (I17) +

19 Apr Mouth breached at 1.89m 32

May/July

Glossy insert (newsletter) of the proposed The Lakes Eco & Golf resort

It was the involvement of the people that stopped the development

74;75 from happening (I14) +

Jun/Jun/ Jul/Sept

More negative reaction to the proposed Lakes Eco & Golf Resort+ 76-86

Jul "Open day" held about Lakes Eco & Golf resort 76

Sep Upgrade of the N2 started 87

Sep/Nov

Stakeholders held a rally against the development at Swartvlei (Lakes Eco & Golf resort) and the completion of land claims 88


07 Oct


Milkwood village (mall) opened 89

Dec

??? 120mm rain that fell mostly in 2 hours. The water

22 Dec

entered through Hugo Leggatts' house and his floor collapsed into their garage 26

Mouth open 32 22 Dec

2005

Been holidaying in the area since 1980s and told a story about how they used to water ski on the serpentine during holiday (no time frame given) from Fairy Knowe under the bridge to estuary (I3)

Average temperature not recorded. Average rainfall not recorded (airport) 39; 619.8mm (Rondevlei) 32

Sedgefield was taken over by Knysna Municipalities (I10)

First working for water project initiated by WLCMF around 2005 Karatara

Feb Councillor comments about the false promises of developers 90

Montage Village was build (I10)

(WS, 2013)

Montage approved around 1999 (WS, 2013) -

Feb Proposed moratorium placed on golf development 91

Feb Glossy insert (newsletter) of the proposed The Lakes Eco & Golf resort 92

Mar/Aug/Oct

More negative reaction to the proposed Lakes Eco & Golf Resort 93-95


Participant resign from Honorary Rangers after 10 years (I17)

Residents of Wilderness and Touwsranten started to complain about the quality of drinking water coming from the taps 96

Jun

15 Jun Mouth closed 32

New bird hide build close to the Fairy

Jun

Knowe hotel 97

Aug Train track between George and Knysna close - 98

Sept March organised against the proposed Lakes Eco & Golf estate 99

Sept False claims were made that SANParks supports the above mentioned development 100

Flood (WS, 2013)

Dec

2006

Participant started working for SANParks (I4)


Dave Jones was the chairman of WLCMF (I3)

Citizens request the opening of the mouth due to perceived pollution but as the water level is not at the maximum height SANParks did not manually open the mouth 101

Feb

Mouth open 32 The mouth was breached 102

30 Apr

Participant is concerned on the actions that will be taken if e-coli readings is showing that there is danger (I12)

Despite reports of contamination the e-coli reading in the Touw river was acceptable 103

03 May


19 May


The feeling is that if the mouth was opened that there would have been


01 Aug 01 Aug

Heavy rain in Karatara catchment. No property flooded as mouth was open 49

Heavy rain in Karatara catchment. No property flooded as mouth was

less damage (I27)

open (WS, 2013)

Floods (WS, 2013)

After the floods damage have been caused to the network that supplies Wilderness with drinking water 104

20 Sep Trucks had to take a 400km detour due to the damage that was done to the roads during the rain 49

Due to mismanagement of catchment the flood brought down silt and changed the course of the river. Sediment of 3m were deposited (I17)


Oct PW Botha passes away 23

Choo-tjoe stops running (I12)

Nov The train tracks between George and Knysna are closed indefinitely 49;105

Feels that the closing of the Choo-tjoe was negative for the area (I17)

2007

Invasion of carp into lake system (WS, 2013)

Average temperature 16.7oC. Average rainfall not recorded

Ray Barrell was the chairman of WLCMF (I3)

(airport) 39; 959.7mm (Rondevlei) 32

Lakes Eco & Golf Resort proposing to pay for a desalination plant in Kleinkrans (this was never build) 106

Jack Ruben start Seven Passes Initiative (WS, 2013)

Apr Lakes & Eco golf estate application to develop denied 107


05 Mar


Apr Application for a march against the proposed Lakes Eco & Golf Resort was turned down by George Municipality 108

01 Jul Mouth closed - 32

Constantia Kloof Aug

conservancy registered 109

Floods coincided with spring tide (I27)


22 Nov 22 Nov Mouth breached at 2m 32

400mm+ rain over 3 days, extensive flooding & damage communities cut off (WS, 2013)

Nov Montage Complex and Island Village flooded 49

Both Island Village and Montage Complex was flooded (both were developed even though reports warned against the development (I3; I10; I21)

Clothing items drifted out of tents in Swartvlei caravan park due to the flood but the water disappeared very fast (I19)

Nov NSRI evacuated people living near the lake. Roads were closed and people evacuated due to floods 110;111

SANParks waited for the water to rise before opening the mouth and probably caused some houses to flood (I3)

Campers at Swartvlei found several dead seahorses they believed washed out due to the flood (I22)

2008

Average temperature 16oC. Average rainfall 596.37mm (airport) 39; 446mm (Rondevlei) 32

Sedgefield ran out of water early 2008 (WS, 2013)

Mike Young was the chairman of WLCMF (I3)


Highest water ever recorded at Eden Adventures and was due to debris that got stuck under Pirate's Creek bridge. 8 canoes washed away (I12)

Mouth breached at 2m 32

12 Nov


2009

New protocol for opening mouth documented (WS, 2013)

Average temperature 16.4oC. Average rainfall 379.73mm (airport) 39; 370mm (Rondevlei) 32

Desalination plant was sponsored by National Government but pipeline had to be paid by local municipality (I3)

Feb Wilderness National Park becomes part of the newly proclaimed Garden

WLCMF entirely not involved with drought mitigations = a body not

Route National Park 18;112

involved with water issues (I3)

Water restrictions are in place for the drought +

Private home-owners drilled for own boreholes unlegislated (WS, 2013)

2009/10 drought = 1 out of 130 year drought (I1)

29 Oct A suggestion was tabled that George are be declared a disaster area 113. An application for R156 million sought for relief funding.

The eco-lakes project that got stopped was a positive for the system (I12)

From a management point of view the drought was a nightmare but valuable lessons were learned and various things

Weekly articles about the level of the dam and everyday actions/tips that can be taken to save water. People were extremely

Drinking water had to be trucked into Sedgefield - 114-117

Posters were up at the caravan park reminding tourists about the drought (I20)

needed to be put in place in a hurry (I1)

vigilant and reported any offenders

Water usage was 35 mega Lt and within 4/5 month the usage was down to 20 25 mega Lt a month awareness as well as strong arm tactics was used (I1)

Various steps were taken to ensure that publics buy-in. Punitive charges were levied, desalination plant were investigated as well as the recycling of waste water. +

Municipality discovered various leaks (I1)

Prayer meetings were held and at one prayer meeting George rugby stadium filled up 118

Desalination plant established at Myoli Beach 115

According to participant the desalination plant only started working once the drought was broken and they only used it for a very short time (I3) The feeling is that it is not working as it is damaging the

bech as well (I10) + &-

Due to changes in water usage water usage still down and municipality not receiving income in 2012 (I1)

Co-ordinator employed to run the drought awareness campaign 117

Oct Even after rain the level of the dam dropped 119;120

Even stricter water restrictions were put in place 120

The drought is seriously affecting the farmers 121

New Eco-estate launched on the current Fairy Knowe property 122

Oct

Nov George, Mossel Bay and Knysna

declared as Disaster areas and R53 million rand has been given for relief 123

Nov Drilling for water starts 124

Nov Treated sewerage water pipeline to Garden Route Dam approved 125

Dec Article informing anglers about the rules and regulations on fishing within a lake system 126

2010


EIA confirmed the level at which the estuaries can be breached (I3)


07 Jan Mouth open 32


George Dam at its lowest due to drought. Successful borehole was sunk 127

Feb Farmers meet to discuss the water crises 114

Touw river dries up 128

Feb

Mar Article on the proposed plan for the Garden Route National Park 129

Feb Much needed

rain started falling 130

Apr Did a controlled burn around the dam to encourage run-off 131;132

Apr

Another increase in water tariffs - no notification given to ratepayers by municipality 133;134

May Problems experienced with wet runway at George airport. Planes had to be redirected. Concern was raised on the effect on tourism for the area 135 136. Airstrip was upgraded 137

Jun Soccer World cup came to SA 9;138


11 Jul Road between Wilderness and Knysna closed due to flooding 139

Mouth closed 32 15 Jul

Nov Water restrictions may be lifted 140


06 Nov Mouth closed 32

10 Nov Mouth breached at 1.62m. Breached prematurely to reduce salt intrusion into Karatara River = water take-off point for Sedgefield 32

Nov First step taken towards the implementation of IRT bus

service for George Municipal area 141


17 Dec

2011

Added 400 houses to Touwsranten which in a small way impacts negatively on the surrounding area (I14) -

Average temperature 16oC. Average rainfall 772.6mm (airport) 39

Added 30 more units to the retirement home in Hoekwil which in a small way impacts negatively on the surrounding area (I14)

Municipality received Blue

Mouth closed32 14 Jan

drop award as well as Platinum award (I1)

Participant had a big flood that came into the lower rooms of the house for the first time (I12)

Jan Richard Batson taken to court by SANParks after digging a trench in a protected area 142 (? Instead of +/-)

Before Richard Batson dug the trench a local fisherman cleaned out the debris out of the pipes (I18)

Wilderness Hotel/Karos closes (I11)


Apr Area lost the right to host the annual sevens world cup 143


07 May

08 May

Mouth breached at 1.6m - It rose to 1.7m 32

May Area experienced a small earthquake 144

Mouth closed 32 30

May

PW Bothas farms sold on auction 145

Apr

1:100 year rainfall event. Recorded 135mm of rain in eight hours at Witfontein 146

07 Jun Storms was reported across most of the Western Cape 147

Mouth opened naturally after heavy rainfall 32

08 Jun

Highest flood ever at the at houses on edge of Touw river participants house, several canoes were lost and the George Yacht club storerooms got flooded (I12; I10; I11)

Wilderness Rest camp evacuated due to flooding 32;148

08 Jun All the houses around the participant flooded. Their house is luckily slightly on a hill (I10)



05 Jul

Houses are handed over to

Jul

Touwsranten residents 149

Jul Eden District elections 150

Residents engagement on noise of N2 (been going for 2 years) 151

Jul

Jul Suggestions made in a letter to change the railway to a cycle route 152

Jul Massive infrastructure damage due to flooding 153

Aug 14 children die en-route to their school in Rheenendal 154;155

Sep SA National Parks week launched at the Wilderness section of the GRNP 156

Mouth closed. Wash-over at high tide 32

10 Nov SANParks facilitated a meeting to introduce a proposal for a new hydrological study of the lakes(I29)

Mouth opened naturally at 2.14m after heavy rains 32

27 Nov

2012


Jan An article on an innovative way of using the train tracks a bicycle 157


14 Jul

Property owners demand action plan for river mouth 158

Denial by George municipality of e-coli issue in estuary (WS, 2013)

Aug The WKOD released the names of 27 schools that they will close at the end of the year. One of

Participant attended the participation round and was surprised at the amount of people that

them was the Rondevlei Primary School 159

send their children from Smutsville to Rondevlei as the believe is that they receive a better education there (I17, I18)

Yacht club helps SANParks against illegal fishing (I10)

The composition of the church have changed over time from predominantly Afrikaans to English 'inkommers' (I14)

Mouth closed 32 29 Aug Big hydrological study on the way (I3) - (only proposed)

2012 floods were managed acceptably. It was prepared and they could open it

Mouth breached at 1.95m in response to severe weather warning 32;160

17 Oct Swartvlei mouth open since May 2011 (WS, 2013; I29)

before any damage occurred (I10) = 130ml of rain

Wilderness beach first beach inside a National Park to gain Blue Flag status 161;162

Oct Queries are made in regards to the future of the railway line and the future of the Choo-Tjoe 163

Oct Current issues in Swartvlei is due to the development in the floodplain (I6)

Touwsranten Housing Project for 395 families completed 164

Very few birds noticed this year due to salinity of the water (I10)

Oct Interclub Yacht Club Regatta held at Swartvlei 29

Mouth closed overtopping on high tide 32

23 Nov

Level > 2000 e-coli reading at some places (WS, 2013)

Nov

SANParks Dec Youth national Sailing regatta

starts testing for e-coli at fortnightly basis. Results not shaded (WS, 2013) (? Instead of +/-)

sail regatta at Swartvlei 165

at Swartvlei All involved (WS, 2013)

2013

Mouth open 2.05m 32

3 Feb Jan Fishermen find 42m gill net in Swartvlei 166

Awareness raising on the rules and regulations around setting of snares 167

Feb Lakes Bird Club celebrates 25th anniversary 168

Public open day were held in connection with the traffic circle that will be built on the N2 at the Serpentine intersection 169. Promises of job opportunities were not kept and Touwsranten residents wanted

Feb Suggestions are made to convert the railway line into a cycle trail171

to block the N2 170.

WRRA hard at work facilitating Wilderness Improvement Plan 172

Feb

Mouth closed 32 21 Mar Mar Comments on proposal to fill landfill site along N2 173

Mar Construction on weir in Karatara River started 174-176

Mar Voortrekkers camp at Swartvlei 177

Complaint about the erosion and unsafe condition of the roads around Langvlei178

May Awareness raising on importance of FPA 179

Local family gets robbed on Kingfisher walking-trail 180

May

The Greater Wilderness Business Initiative (GWBI) was established 181-183

Apr U3A celebrates 10th anniversary 184

Apr Another Slow Fest success 185

WRRA entered Apr Apr Island Road

Wilderness in the Town of the Year competition 181;186

realigned due to erosion 187

Birding excursion organised by Lakes Bird Club at Wilderness National Park 188

May

Committee for the newly established Greater Wilderness Business Initiative (GWBI) was elected 189

May

June March against GMO trial crops 190

Two sporting events were successfully completed using access to private land, forestry land and conservation land 191;192

July Citizens respond to a request for clearing aliens made by SCLI 193

Residents at Rondevlei foil burglars attempt due to community actions 194

July

Plans are afoot to July

re-open the Karos Hotel 195

Various activities are offered at Hoekwil to raise funds for its 100 year celebration. One activity is collecting all the contact information of all ex-residents 196

July Voortrekkers camp at Swartvlei 197

July Sedgefield Ratepayers reported back on meeting with municipality raising issues of boreholes, alien vegetation and several issues with SANParks stretching back years 198. SANParks responded to the issues 199. An honorary ranger also responded to the way the first article was

written in a letter to the editor 200 There was a reply written by Sedge Ratepayers outlining the route they are taking going forward 201

Current families in Hoekwil is all inkommers (a change in demographics) (I14)

SANParks officials were confronted by 5 men wearing police uniforms 202

July July The Edge downsizing due to recession 203

July Speed limit on Island in limelight again with an equitable solution found 204. Letter to the editor a citizen raises concern that the conservancy wants to tar the roads on the Island 205. Conservancy

drafted a reply in a form of a letter to the editor 206

July Ruigtevlei weir gates set in place 207

July Birmingham youths spend time at Outward bound (Willow Point) interacting with Rondevlei School 208

Mouth open 2m 32 10 Aug GRNP roles out a plan to move away from tourism development and accommodation to adventure filled experiences 209

Aug Oom Sam passes away at age 72. The local councillor described him as the Nelson Mandela of Karatara 210

Wilderness Resort Hotel up sale on auction after being closed for several years 211 212

Aug New Registered Caretaker Campaign launched by

Aug Kiani Satu disaster and the management around it Clean-up after

Southern Cape Landowners Initiative 213

the Kiani Satu 214-216

Mouth close 32 16 Aug A report back on the improvements of proactive responses to disasters by Eden Disaster Management 217;218

16 Aug Mouth closed mechanically due to Kiani Satu 32

SANParks hosts a day for 100 youth during the free access to all initiative 219

Sept SANParks Week launched in September 220

Sept Reopening of the Swartvlei mouth are started 221

Wilderness beach will enjoy Blue Flag status again 222;223

Sept

Firefighters fight a fire on Lakeview Farm 224

Oct

George municipality most eco-friendly city in SA 225

Oct


21 Oct

25 Oct Mouth breached

32

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84. Vibert V. Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2004 8 Sept. 85. Smith L. Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2004 22 Sept. 86. Leff D. Letters to the editor: Loud bikes at Hoogekraal. Wild News. 2005 21 September. 87. Walsh P. WRRA Around the forum: N2 upgrade. Wild News. 2004 20 Oct. 88. Wild News. GOG! GOG! Wild News. 2005 21 September. 89. Wild News. Milkwood village. Wild News. 2005 30 June. 90. Simmons. From the councillors desk. Wild News. 2005 9 February. 91. WALEAF. Proposed moratoruim on golf developments. Wild News. 2005 9 Feb. 92. The Lakes Eco & Golf resort. Newsletter. Wild News. 2005 9 Feb. 93. WALEAF. WALEAF. Wild News. 2005 9 March. 94. WALEAF. Lakes Eco: fatal flaw in the public participation process. Wild News. 2005 10 Aug. 95. Wright G. Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2005 19 October. 96. Lucas P. Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2005 1 June. 97. Wild News. Twitchers get a new hide. Wild News. 2005 30 June. 98. Drummond R. Letters to the editor: Heritage line George Knysna. Wild News. 2005 24 August. 99. Bekker J. Alliance to protest against golf estate. IOL. 2005 19 September. 100. Gosling M. SANParks denies giving go-ahead for estate. IOL. 2005 9 September. 101. Wild News. Open wide, please. Wild News. 2006 8 February. 102. Wild News. Open at last. Wild News. 2006 3 May. 103. Sell S. W.R.R.A. report back. Wild News. 2006 3 May. 104. Wild News. Dam it all! What's happened to our water? Wild News. 2006 20 September. 105. Drummond R. Letters to the editor. Wild News. 2006 1 November. 106. Leff D. Kleinkrans desalination funded by Lakes Eco. Wild News. 2007 24 January. 107. Yeld J. Huge Garden Route development blocked. IOL. 2007 5 April. 108. Leff D. Gaurdians prohibited from marching on Freedom Day: George. Wild News. 2007 3 May. 109. Barnard Y. Constantia Kloof conservancy registered. Wild News. 2007 25 July. 110. Jooste B. Homes, cars lost in floods. IOL. 2007 24 November. 111. IOL. Heavy rains lash Cape. IOL. 2007 23 November. 112. Bekker J. History made as Garden Route National Park is proclaimed. CXpress. 2009 11 March. 113. Lourens P. Council debates water disaster. Goerge Herald. 2009 29 Oct. 114. Gunning E. Suid-Kaapse waterkrisis noodsaak beraad vandag. Die Burger. 2010 3 February.

115. Department of Water Affairs. Reconciliation strategy for Sedgefield. 2010 [cited 2012 3 November]; Available from: http://www6.dwa.gov.za/iwrp/DSS/UserFiles/IWRP/Documents/WC_DC4_WC048_Sedgef_F.pdf. 116. The Water Wheel. Special award for Sedgefield project. The Water Wheel. 2010 November/December:8. 117. Oelofse N. R140m drought plan kicks in. IOL news. 2010. 118. S.A. weather and disaster information service. Full house expected at George rally to pray for rain. 2009 [3 November 2012]; Available from: http://saweatherobserver.blogspot.com/2009/10/full-house-expected-at-george-rally-to.html. 119. De Beer A. Help our water supply last. George Herald. 2009 22 October. 120. De Beer A. Cut back or pay double. George Herald. 2009 15 October. 121. October A. Landbou in S-Kaap veg om oorlewing. Die Burger. 2009 22 October. 122. De Beer A. New eco estate launched. George Herald. 2009 15 October. 123. Gunning E. George, Mosselbaai en Knysna rampgebiede weens droogte. Die Burger. 2009 12 November. 124. Gunning E. George kan tot tien boorgate kry as noodbron. Die Burger. 2010 18 January. 125. Gunning E. George verras met eenparige goedkeuring van pypleiding. Die Burger. 2009 14 November. 126. Naud P. Fishing in the estuaries. George Herald. 2009 3 December. 127. Gunning E. Vreugde loop in strome n water by George raakgeboor is. Die Burger. 2010 27 January. 128. Oelofse J. Crisis deepens as river stops flowing. 2010 [cited 2012 3 November]; Available from: http://saweatherobserver.blogspot.com/2010/02/drought-news-southern-cape_11.html. 129. Gunning E. Tuinroete Nasionale Park gaan grt word. Die Burger. 2010 8 March. 130. Steyn T. Ren bring verligting vir S-Kaapse dorpe. Die Burger. 2010 22 February. 131. Bird W. Controlled burning of catchment areas. George Herald. 2010 1 April. 132. Lourens P. ... after the fire, still awaiting rain. George Herald. 2010 1 April. 133. Botha Y. Ratepayers say decision was illegal. Goerge Herald. 2010 1 April. 134. Botha Y. No George Herald, no notification. Goerge Herald. 2010 1 April. 135. Gunning E. George se aanloopbaan weer te nat. Die Burger. 2010 3 May. 136. Kruger J. Nat weer laat George se lughawe sluit vir lugverkeer. Die Burger. 2010 21 February. 137. Gunning E. Alle vliegtuie kan George-lughawe nou in alle weerstoestande gebruik. Die Burger. 2010 28 May. 138. Gunning E. Geesdrif oor WB-trofee bring George tot stilstand. Die Burger. 2010 12 May. 139. Die Burger. Sneeu en ren wurg land. Die Burger. 2012 15 July. 140. Gunning E. Waterbeperkings in George dalk verlig en tariewe kan daal. Die Burger. 2010 3 November. 141. Gunning E. Groot planne vir vervoer in George. Die Burger. 2010 27 November. 142. Mare A. Wending in hofstryd oor Swartvlei. Die Burger. 2011 15 January. 143. Gunning E. George gaan ekonomies ly noudat hy sewes kwyt is. Die Burger. 2011 14 April.

144. Kruger J. Suid-Kaap gons n die aarde bewe. Die Burger. 2011 15 May. 145. Kruger J. PW se houthuis haal R8 m. Die Burger. 2011 20 April. 146. Vermaak C. Extreme June weather 1:100 year event. George Herald. 2011 21 July 2011. 147. Die Burger. Storms laat Suid-Kaap steier. Die Burger. 2011 8 June. 148. South African National Parks. Wilderness Rest Camp closed evacuation in process2011. Available from: http://www.sanparks.org/about/news/default.php?id=1672. 149. Vermaak C. Nog nuwe huiseienaars by Touwsranten. George Herald. 2011 7 July 2011. 150. Vermaak C. Eden-distriksraad se wiele rol. George Herald. 2011 7 July 2011. 151. Lourens P. Traffic noise has Wilderness residents up in arms. George Herald. 2011 7 July 2011. 152. Lourens P. Wettest weather since 1970s. George Herald. 2011 14 July 2011. 153. Gunning E. Vloedskade kan R131m. oorskry. Die Burger. 2011 12 June. 154. Gunning E. Minister sluit sentrum op George waar rampbus toets geslaag het. Die Burger. 2011 14 September. 155. Gunning E. Oggend van smart. Die Burger. 2011 25 August. 156. Thakhuli R. Date set for 2011 SA National Parks Week 2011. Available from: http://www.sanparks.org/about/news/default.php?id=1710. 157. De Beer M. Trap-Net verskaf vervoer in die Suid-Kaap. Die Burger. 2012 10 January. 158. Wild News. Property owners want action plan for river mouth. Wild News. 2012 20 July. 159. Potgieter M, Pienaar M. Leerders huil oor skole wat moet sluit. Die Burger. 2012 17 October. 160. Kotze P. Touws River mouth breached again. SANParks Times. 2012 December. 161. SANParks Times. Nature's Valley and Wilderness honoured as SANPark's first Blue Flag beaches. SANParks Times. 2012 December. 162. Wilderness Ratepayers & Residents Association. November 2012 news update. The Edge. 2012 14 November 163. Gunning E. Lot van Choo-Tjoe-trein steeds onduidelik. Die Burger. 2012 5 October. 164. The Edge. Aurecon wins SAHF special merit award for Touwsranten housing project. The Edge. 2012 31 October. 165. The Edge. Youth nationals sail off to a flying start The Edge. 2012 12 December. 166. The Edge. Illegal netting on Swartvlei. The Edge. 2013 30 January. 167. Lourens P. Strik stropers aktief in Hoekwil. George Herald. 2013 14 February. 168. The Edge. Lakes Bird Club celebrates its 25th anniversary. The Edge. 2013 27 February. 169. De Beer A. Circle for Wilderness. George Herald. 2013 7 February. 170. Kirsten F. Unemployed attempt to block N2. George Herald. 2013 4 July. 171. Vermaak C. Outeniqua Cycleway - Transnet's call. George Herald. 2013 21 February. 172. Vermaak C. Going wild for improvements. George Herald. 2013 21 February.

173. Van Wyk L. Notes from Council. Wild News. 2013 20 March. 174. The Edge. What's happening on the Karatara River? The Edge. 2013 27 March. 175. Sonnekus H. What's happening at Ruigtevlei. The Edge. 2013 22 May. 176. The Edge. New Karatara river weir. The Edge. 2013 11 September. 177. George Herald. Voortrekkers leer van doerie tyd. George Herald. 2013 14 March. 178. Lourens P. Langvlei lake pollution: where does the buck stop? George Herald. 2013 23 May. 179. Smetherham J. FPA could save landowners millions. George Herald. 2013 23 May. 180. Da Silva L. Drie vas na rooftog op wandelpad. Goerge Herald. 2013 23 May. 181. Milford J. Business initiative for Wilderness. Eden Express. 2013 17 April. 182. Vermaak C. Initiative to boost Wilderness. George Herald. 2013 25 April. 183. Wild News. Wilderness to launch business chamber. Wild News. 2013 20 March. 184. De Beer A. U3A George 10 years old. Mini Ads News. 2013 3 April. 185. Eden Express. Wet Slow Fest. Eden Express. 2013 3 April. 186. Vermaak C. Wilderness plays wild card. George Herald. 2013 25 April. 187. The Edge. Island road re-arranged. The Edge. 2013 10 April. 188. George Herald. Go birding on 4 May. George Herald. 2013 2 May 2013. 189. George Herald. Wilderness elects business leaders. George Herald. 2013 2 May 2013. 190. Falanga G. Free our food -now! Eden Express. 2013 26 June. 191. George Herald. X Lakes winter is here to stay. George Herald. 2013 25 July 2013. 192. George Herald. Local athletes dominate Big Tree Trail Run. George Herald. 2013 25 July 2013. 193. George Herald. Landowners clear land and create jobs. George Herald. 2013 18 July. 194. Da Silva L. United Rondevlei fights crime. George Herald. 2013 25 July 2013. 195. Lourens P. Moves afoot to re-open hotel. George Herald. 2013 25 July 2013. 196. Sonnekus H. Hoekwil (amper) 100 jaar oud. Eden Express. 2013 31 July 2013. 197. George Herald. 100'e Voortrekkers byeen vir kamp. George Herald. 2013 11 July. 198. The Edge. Sedge Ratepayers feedback meeting. The Edge. 2013 3 July. 199. The Edge. SANParks' response to Sedge Ratepayers. The Edge. 2013 17 July. 200. Nayler L. Letter to the editor. The Edge. 2013 17 July. 201. Sedge Ratepayers Committee. Letter to the editor. The Edge. 2013 31 July. 202. Association WRR. July 2013. The Edge. 2013 17 July. 203. Webb B. The Edge (lite). The Edge. 2013 31 July. 204. The Edge. Sign board. The Edge. 2013 17 July.

205. Slightly Miffed Local Yokel. Letter to the editor. The Edge. 2013 31 July. 206. Purcell O. Letter to the editor. The Edge. 2013 14 August. 207. Sonnekus H. Gate tangoes with nature. Eden Express. 2013 3 July. 208. Edge T. Birmingham teens at outward bound. The Edge. 2013 31 July. 209. Erlank I. GRNP has adventurous plans. George Herald. 2013 8 August. 210. The Edge. Farewell Oom Sam. The Edge. 2013 14 August. 211. Lourens P. Part-sale of Wilderness Resort Hotel. George Herald. 2013 29 August. 212. George Herald. Auction of Wilderness Resort Hotel. George Herald. 2013 5 September. 213. George Herald. Registered caretaker initiative for landowners launched. George Herald. 2013 8 August. 214. Wild News. Oil spill into nature reserve. Wild News. 2013 16 August 2013. 215. The Edge. Still on the rocks but in the best hands. The Edge. 2013 14 August. 216. Sonnekus H, Falanga G. Rice carrier runs aground. Eden Express. 2013 14 August. 217. Lourens P. Eden Disaster Management: significant improvements. George Herald. 2013 15 August. 218. Mini Ads News. BAAM helps George weather a storm. Mini Ads News. 2013 18 September. 219. George Herald. Youth and conservation. George Herald. 2013 19 September 2013. 220. George Herald. SANParks Week: free entrance to park. George Herald. 2013 5 September. 221. George Herald. Swartvlei reopenend. George Herald. 2013 12 September. 222. George Herald. Wilderness will wave Blue Flag in summer. George Herald. 2013 12 September. 223. News MA. Wilderness will wave Blue Flag in summer. Mini Aads News. 2013 11 September. 224. Kirsten F. Firefighters have their hands full. George Herald. 2013 3 October. 225. De Beer A. Most eco-friendly city in SA. George Herald. 2013 3 October.

appendix d_timeline of historical events and engagement activities.pdf

Documents

stakeholders level

grey literature level

events figure

wilderness heights

bennett farmhouse

gold prospecting

william guest

gold i4