Appendix A

Input Features of the Animal Domain

Problem Space In this page and the next one the features used for classification of various animals in the animal kingdom and their classes have been tabulated. The input features tabulated in this page forms only a partial description of the animal kingdom. The animal domain has been used for illustrating the learning knowledge and strategy of IMAHDA.

hair milk reathen ealaylnl pouches

land tree IleJd·meadows lake-river larp

medium ny ny·short.dlst ny-Ioaa-dlst n\'Hlalt

claws lona·head odd·toed even·toed herbivore

sturdy·reel web-reel lall trunk lona-mane

blrd-or-prey hoors cUmb-t..- ~rownlsh-yeJJow colo lona-taIl

short·1ep can-leap lona·taD•wlth ~te-shaped ·spots blg·paws ·tlp-held·up

small-eyes yeUow·eyes black·strlpes short· mane beard-llke-arowth •

on-cheeks

rounded·ean lonl·yeIlowlsh-thlck whlle-bellysJde- whJte-beUysJde-does while-taD hair extends-to-llanks not-extend·to-nllDks

yellowlsh-color reddlsh·ocbre-color Ilaht·reddlsh-ochre- narrow.strlpes very·narrow.strlpes color

~oseIy •• paced.stripes yeUowlsh.red-color whlle-belly·area· whlte-color lwadely.spaced.strlpes restricted

very·llpt·reddlsh. tapered_n small dark·Une-rrom-eye smaD-paws ochre-color ·to-ear

narrow·head s1ende .... body blue-eyes whlsken carnivore

lona·black·halr large-head medlum·head small·head heavy-cheek·halr

very.heavy-cheek· IIlht·cheek·halr beUy·mane dll-dens lona·lep hair

Figure A.1. Input Features of the Animal Domain

397

398 ENGINEERING INTELLIGENT HYBRID MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS

Appendix B Classes in the Animal Domain

Playtas Allealtr Kucaroo KOIIa Wlllaby WOIIbII BaadkooI OpI!S1ll

~ ~ Porpise TooIW-wUlt Seal s,n. ... Gibboa 0nIptu

Ctillpame Gda SpiIer--y ~I--y 1IoUr-IIOIby Mara! Whi1f.belr BrowHar

BIack·bar Silver·bear Pua Lila TICtr ~ W"M-al WrM

'OJ Coyule CIiie JxbI ~ Labrador BIMlg Afrita«pbal

~"'I Grt'Y·zebra Malaia·zebl1 G.arge-zebl1 Bran-me &Ime BIack_ Callie

SiIeriaa. 1DOOchiaa. BapI. WUiaa~ Jam. Caspiu. Whilt. Samartuli&tr

Psua Kiwi Em. Rhea PeagaiD Chi:ba Tuby DIc1

~ Gaiaea~owI PigIoo PIIeasuI Slork ... Sna AIbaIrou

GaD Auks Wader Peb Hawk Fakol N"~IW Owl

~ Vullun Cmdor Sparrow SIarfiag rod 'I'hrR Robia

Soagbird N"Jghliogalt Blutbird Warbler Blackbird Skylark Waglai Wm

Crow Blut·jlY Jackdaw Raftll Magpie Lyn-bird Bid·pandR Bowtr-bird

Figure 8.1. Classes in the Animal Domain

APPENDIX C: TTS POWER NETWORK 399

Appendix C TT5 Power Network

Figure C.l. TT5 Power Network

400 ENGlNEERlNG INTELLIGENT HYBRID MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS

Appendix D TTS Substation Power Network

, "

- I .. "g: • " i\

t~~ ",,' .. ....

,

cr--~. !ji+'+H:! J-Q: ....

f: I.S

_ (. e· i l~-"-- I

~:{; ~ I'+G-+O-<X>-I •

lcr~ , (0-..- • . (

c . . t· USU81111

IIIIII11 ,.

i;iilii; 1 Figure 0.1. TTS Substation Power Network

APPENDIX E: REAL TIME ALARM DATA 401

Appendix E Real Time Alarm Data

Real Time Alarm Data

8DEC90 1438:16 TTS ON BUILDING FIRE 8DEC90 1438:18 TTS OFF BUILDING FIRE 8DEC90 1438:18 TTS ON FIRE EQPT FAULT 8DEC90 1438:21 TTS OFF FIRE EQPT FAULT 9DEC90 0815:19 TTS OPEN 2-3 220KV B/T CB 9DEC90 0815:26 TTS OPEN 2-3 220KV B/T CB ROI 9DEC90 0815:26 TTS OPEN 2-3 220KV B/T CB 3 BUS ROI 9DEC90 0815:49 TTS CLOSE KTS 2 220KV CB ROI 9DEC90 0816:03 TTS CLOSE KTS 2 220KV CB 9DEC90 0816:11 TTS ON ALARM EQPT DC FAIL 9DEC90 0816:12 TTS OFF ALARM EQPT DC FAIL 9DEC90 0816:15 TTS OPEN KTS 1/1 BUS 220KV CB 9DEC90 0816:22 TTS ON ALARM EQPT DC FAIL 9DEC90 0816:24 TTS OPEN KTS 1/1 BUS 220KV CB ROI 9DEC90 0816:24 TTS OFF ALARM EQPT DC FAIL 9DEC90 0817:56 TTS OPER 2 220/66KV TR GAS 9DEC90 0818:56 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 9DEC90 1115:40 TTS CLOSE KTS 1/1 BUS 220KV CB ROI 9DEC90 1116:02 TTS CLOSE KTS 1/1 BUS 220KV CB ROI 9DEC90 1116:17 TTS OPEN KTS 2 220KV CB 9DEC90 1116:26 TTS OPEN KTS 2 220KV CB ROI 9DEC90 1731:15 TTS ON 220/66KV TR OLTC EQPT 9DEC90 1731:24 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR OLTC EQPT 10DEC90 1321:20 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1321:26 TTS ON ALARM EQPT DC FAIL 10DEC90 1321:37 TTS OFF ALARM EQPT DC FAIL 10DEC90 1321:56 TTS OPER 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1321:56 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1324:08 TTS RESET 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1324:08 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1326:20 TTS OPER 2 220/66KV TR GAS

402 ENGINEERING INTELLIGENT HYBRID MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS

10DEC90 1326:20 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1327:11 TTS RESET 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1327:11 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1328:32 TTS OPER 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1328:32 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1330:08 TTS ON 415V SELECTED SUPPLY FAIL lODEC90 1330:08 TTS ON COMM EQPT 10DEC90 1330:08 TTS ON ALARM EQPT DC FAIL 10DEC90 1331:00 TTS RESET 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1331:00 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1332:03 TTS OPER 4 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1332:03 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1332:42 TTS RESET 4 220/66KV TR GAS lODEC90 1332:42 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1334:53 TTS OFF ALARM EQPT DC FAIL 10DEC90 1335:00 TTS OFF COMM EQPT 10DEC90 1337:38 TTS OPER 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1337:38 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1338:59 TTS RESET 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1338:59 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1340:57 TTS OPER 2 220/66KV TR GAS lODEC90 1340:57 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1341:52 TTS RESET 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1341:52 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR TEMP lODEC90 1349:52 TTS OPER 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1349:52 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1352:06 TTS RESET 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1352:06 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1356:59 TTS OPER 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1356:59 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1357:52 TTS RESET 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1357:52 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1403:17 TTS OPER 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1403:17 TTS ON 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1404:42 TTS RESET 2 220/66KV TR GAS 10DEC90 1404:42 TTS OFF 220/66KV TR TEMP 10DEC90 1416:01 TTS OFF 415V SELECTED SUPPLY FAIL 10DEC90 1716:56 TTS OPER CB TRIP 10DEC90 1716:57 TTS OPER CB TRIP 10DEC90 1716:58 TTS OPEN KLK-MDI-RUB A 66KV CB 10DEC90 1716:58 TTS OPER CB TRIP

APPENDIX E: REAL TIME ALARM DATA 403

10DEC90 1716:59 TTS OPEN VCO 66KV CB 10DEC90 1717:00 TTS OPER CB TRIP 10DEC90 1717:01 TTS OPEN 2-3 BIT 66KV CB 10DEC90 1717:01 TTS OPER CB TRIP 10DEC90 1717:01 TTS OPER CB TRIP 10DEC90 1717:01 TTS OPER CB TRIP 10DEC90 1717:02 TTS OPEN B3 TR 66KV CB 10DEC90 1717:02 TTS OPEN CS 66KV CB lODEC90 1717:03 TTS OPEN CN 66KV CB llDEC90 1410:26 TTS OPER CAPACITOR FAULT llDEC90 1417:22 TTS RESET CAPACITOR FAULT llDEC90 1420:12 TTS OPER NH - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1421:32 TTS RESET NH - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1422:06 TTS OPER NH - TR FAULT llDEC90 1422:16 TTS RESET NH - TR FAULT llDEC90 1422:30 TTS OPER P - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1422:41 TTS RESET P - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1422:53 TTS OPER P - TR FAULT llDEC90 1423:02 TTS RESET P - TR FAULT llDEC90 1433:23 TTS OPER ST - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1430:21 TTS RESET ST - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1431:52 TTS OPER CN - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1432:03 TTS RESET CN - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1432:18 TTS OPER CN - TR FAULT llDEC90 1432:36 TTS RESET CN - TR FAULT llDEC90 1433:08 TTS OPER TT - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1433:47 TTS RESET TT - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1433:58 TTS OPER TT - INTERTRIP NO VOLT llDEC90 1434:16 TTS RESET TT - INTERTRIP NO VOLT llDEC90 1434:26 TTS OPER CS - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1434:25 TTS RESET CS - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1435:06 TTS OPER CS - TR FAULT llDEC90 1435:15 TTS RESET CS - TR FAULT llDEC90 1435:47 TTS OPER EP - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1436:20 TTS RESET EP - STATION GENERAL llDEC90 1436:37 TTS OPER EP - TR FAULT 13DEC90 1339:36 TTS OPEN CN 66KV CB 13DEC90 1339:53 TTS CLOSE CN 66KV CB 13DEC90 1344:41 TTS OPEN BD 66KV CB 13DEC90 1344:44 TTS CLOSE BD 66KV CB 13DEC90 1344:47 TTS OPEN SMR 66KV CB

404 ENGINEERING INTELLIGENT HYBRID MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS

13DEC90 1344:49 TTS CLOSE SMR 66KV CB 13DEC90 1344:52 TTS OPEN SMR 66KV CB 13DEC90 1344:54 TTS CLOSE SMR 66KV CB 13DEC90 1345:55 TTS OPEN SMR 66KV CB 13DEC90 1402:30 TTS CLOSE SMR 66KV CB 13DEC90 1408:09 TTS OPEN B3 TR 66KV CB 13DEC90 1408:10 TTS CLOSE B3 TR 66KV CB 13DEC90 1408:53 TTS CLOSE KLK-MDI-RUB A 66KV CB 13DEC90 1409:45 TTS OPEN KLK-MDI-RUB A 66KV CB 19DEC90 1449:12 TTS ON COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1532:34 TTS OFF COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1532:46 TTS ON COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1532:51 TTS OFF COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1533:07 TTS ON COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1533:16 TTS OFF COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1533:16 TTS OFF COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1533:28 TTS ON COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1541:18 TTS OFF COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1533:28 TTS ON COMM EQPT 19DEC90 1541:18 TTS OFF COMM EQPT 3JAN91 1316:58 TTS ON OSCILLO OPERATED 3JAN911317:00 TTS OFF OSCILLO OPERATED 3JAN91 1317:08 TTS ON COMM EQPT 3JAN91 1317:09 TTS OFF COMM EQPT 5JAN91 1317:15 TTS ON 415V SELECTED SUPPLY FAIL 5JAN91 1317:22 TTS OFF 415V SELECTED SUPPLY FAIL 5JAN91 1317:24 TTS ON DIESEL RUNNING 5JAN91 1317:32 TTS ON DIESEL RUNNING 5JAN91 1317:45 TTS ON 415V SELECTED SUPPLY FAIL 5JAN91 1317:45 TTS ON COMM EQPT 5JAN911317:45 TTS ON ALARM EQPT DC FAIL 5JAN91 1319:20 TTS OFF DIESEL RUNNING 5JAN91 1322:34 TTS OFF COMM EQPT 5JAN91 1323:01 TTS ON STATION GENERAL 5JAN911323:42 TTS RESET CB TRIP 5JAN91 1323:43 TTS OPER CB TRIP 5JAN91 1323:44 TTS OPEN BD 66KV CB 5JAN91 1323:05 TTS OPER CB TRIP 5JAN91 1323:15 TTS OPEN KTS 1/1 BUS 220KV CB 5JAN911323:20 TTS OPER CB TRIP 5JAN911323:25 TTS OPEN SMTS 2 220KV CB

APPENDIX E: REAL TIME ALARM DATA 405

5JAN91 1323:26 TTS OPER CB TRIP 5JAN91 1323:27 TTS OPER CB TRIP 5JAN91 1323:28 TTS OPEN ROTS 220KV CB 5JAN91 1323:29 TTS OPEN B4 TR 1 BUS 220KV CB 5JAN91 1323:30 TTS OPER CB TRIP 5JAN91 1323:31 TTS OPER CB TRIP 5JAN91 1323:39 TTS OPEN TSTS 220KV CB 5JAN91 1323:33 TTS OPER CB TRIP 5JAN91 1323:35 TTS OPEN RWTS 1/1 BUS 220KV CB 5JAN91 1323:39 TTS OPEN B1 TR 220KV CB 5JAN91 1323:42 TTS OPER CB TRIP 5JAN91 1323:44 TTS OPEN KTS 2 220KV CB 22FEB91 0836:44 TTS ON COMM EQPT URGENT 22FEB91 0836:48 TTS OFF COMM EQPT URGENT 22FEB91 0836:48 TTS ON VF GUARD LOSS 22FEB91 0837:49 TTS OFF VF GUARD LOSS 22FEB91 0837:39 TTS OPER CB TRIP 22FEB91 0837:40 TTS OPEN 2-3 B/T 66KV CB 22FEB91 0837:40 TTS OPER CB TRIP 22FEB91 0837:41 TTS ON ST 66KV CB 22FEB91 0837:41 TTS OPER CB TRIP 22FEB91 0837:42 TTS ON WT 66KV CB 22FEB91 0837:43 TTS OPER CB TRIP 22FEB91 0837:44 TTS ON EP 66KV CB 22FEB91 0837:45 TTS OPER CB TRIP 22FEB91 0837:45 TTS ON B2 TR 66KV CB 22FEB91 0837:46 TTS OPER CB TRIP 22FEB91 0837:47 TTS ON 1-2 B/T 66KV CB

Index

Agent oriented analysis, 287, 289, 306, 334 Agent oriented design, 287, 334 Agent, 52

task abstraction, 207 task-oriented behavior, 207 adaptation, 53 agent model, 207 architecture, 52 autonomy, 52 collaboration, 53 communication, 53 continuous operation, 53 distribution, 53 flexibility, 53 knowledge representation, 53

Alarm processing, 269 dedicated AI processors, 280 development time, 279 Incomplete information, 278 Incorrect information, 278 Maintenance, 279 operator stress, 271 power system characteristics, 270 power systems, 270 processing speed, 279 temporal reasoning, 273 fault diagnosis, 278

Anatomical models, 26 Approximate reasoning, 11 Architecture, 205 Artificial neural networks, 3, 28

distributed representation, 63 localist representation, 63 min-max fuzzy logic neurons, 79

neurally embedded decision trees, 69 principle of relevance, 65 rule extraction, 74 symbolic knowledge structures, 63 chain processing, 107 commonsense reasoning, 68 coprocessing, 107 fuzzy inference system, 78 metaprocessing, 107 subprocessing, 107 symbolic reasoning, 66

Association systems, 14, 180 program level, 181 task structure level, 181 computational level, 181 hybrid arrangement, 189

Biological neural networks, 71 developmental selection, 71 experimental selection, 71 reentrant mapping, 71

Biological neuron, 29 synapses, 30 threshold value, 30

Blackboard Architecture, 20 Bottom up approach, 61 Business enterprises, 143 Case-based reasoning, 27, 119

case retrieval, 27 case-base reasoner, 27 case-base, 27 case adaptor, 27

Causal models, 26 Classical architectures, 200 Closed loop system, 200

407

408 ENGINEERING INTELLIGENT HYBRID MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS

Cognitive psychology,S Cognitive science,S Combination systems, 14, 179

cart-pole balancing, 127 hybrid control applications, 125 petroleum plant, 127 diagnostic applications, 108 drawbacks, 179 fashion shoe design, 119 fruit strorage, 131 load forecasting, 113 oil analysis, 118 Scheduling System, 109

Competitive advantage, 367 Computational level, 181, 205 Connectionist expert system, 72 Credit assignment, 33 Data warehouse methodology, 149 Database, 24 Deliberate reasoning, 7, 200 Determination of abstract classes, 193 Determination of decision level classes, 194 Distributed control, 207 Dynamic analysis, 248

SCPN model, 251-252 SCPN symbols, 250 State Controlled Petri Nets, 248 synchronous communication, 256

Enterprise-wide System Modeling Framework, 385

Expert systems, 2, 20 limitations, 27

Frames, 22 FUnctional models, 26 Fusion systems, 13, 179

drawbacks, 179 min-max logic neurons, 79 neurally embedded decision trees, 69 symbolic knowledge structures, 63 fusion, 60 optimization of fuzzy systems, 76 optimization, 60 symbolic reasoning, 66

Fuzzy systems, 3, 40, 185 automation, 86 center-of-gravity method, 44 crisp sets, 40 fuzzy control rules, 130 Defuzzification, 40 Fuzzification, 40 Fuzzy Inferencing, 40 fuzzy integral, 116

Fuzzy Sets, 40 membership functions, 42 optimization, 76 parameterized fuzzy model, 88

Generalization, 197 Generalized delta rule, 34 Genetic algorithms, 2, 46

fruit storage, 132 mutation, 47 automating design of fuzzy systems, 86 crossover, 47 financial trading, 157 fitness function, 89 optimal neural network connection

weights, 92 optimal neural network input data set, 93 optimal neural network topology, 91 reproduction, 47 scheduling system, 109

Geometric models, 26 Hybrid control systems, 125

dynamics knowledge, 125 hierarchical control, 134 petroleum plant, 128 ·robotic control, 133 evolution, 125 fruit storage, 131 generation knowledge, 125 preference knowledge, 125

IMAHDA,205 agent oriented analysis, 288 agent oriented design, 323 alarm processing, 269 communication knowledge constructs,

225,227 dynamic analysis and verification, 225 enterprise-wide system modeling, 380 Hybrid Systems, 390 learning knowledge and strategy, 225, 231,

247 organization wide knowledge systems, 375 Problem Solving, 389 salesperson hiring, 377 software agent layer, 221 Control Systems, 393 dynamic analysis and verification, 248 emergent characteristics, 262 Enterprise-wide System Modeling, 394 intelligent agent layer, 205 Multi-Agent Systems, 393 object layer, 205, 211

problem solving agent layer, 205, 303,306 software agent layer, 205 Software Engineering, 394

Imprecision, 3 Inference mechanism, 24 Information Processing, 190

information processing phases, 189 Information system, 368

function areas, 368 organizational levels, 368

Input conditioning, 189 Input validation & problem formulation, 193 Intelligent agents, 52 Intelligent agents, 216

expert system agent, 216 fuzzy logic agent, 217 GA agent, 217 supervised artificial neural network agent,

217 unsupervised artificial neural network

agent, 217 Intelligent hybrid systems, 2 Intelligent systems, 1-2 Interpretation, 10 Intuitive knowledge, 11 Knowledge acquisition, 3, 10 Knowledge discovery and data mining, I,

49, 143 extracting concept hierarchies, 159 financial trading, 155 forecasting profile system, 14 7 KDD process, 144

Knowledge engineering strategy, 189 Bottom Up, 189 Top Down, 189

Knowledge repositories, 367 Knowledge systems, 374 Learning knowledge, 231, 247

control knowledge, 232 decomposition knowledge, 231 decision knowledge, 232

Learning strategy, 233, 247 Linear inseparability, 33 Links, 216

crisp, 216 fuzzy, 216

Memory, 6 distributed memory, 9 episodic memory, 22 semantic memory, 20 external memory, 6 long term memory, 6

INDEX 409

short term memory, 6 Model Based Architecture, 20 Modular neural networks, 116

committees, 116 Multi-agent systems, 52 Noise filtering, 189 Object-Oriented Analysis, 288

object-oriented constructs, 290 problem domain structure analysis, 291

Object-oriented methodology, 49 Object-oriented methodology, 149

composition, 50 message passing, 51 non-hierarchical relationships, 50, 206 strategic and operational data, 149 encapsulation, 50 inheritance, 50 object-oriented model, 206 polymorphism, 51 reusability, 51

Object-oriented software engineering, 49 Object-Oriented, 22 Open loop system, 200 Operating system process model, 208

inter-process communication, 209 pipes, 208

Optimization, 4 Organizational levels, 368

operational level, 370 strategic level, 370 knowledge level, 370 management level, 370

PAGE, 52, 205 Parallel distributed processing, 8 Perspectives, 181, 190

effectiveness, 188

learning, 186 philosophical, 182 physical systems, 185 symbolic and formal knowledge, 188 acceptability, 188 artificial and computational intelligence,

186 cognitive science, 184 fuzzy systems, 185 neurobiological, 185 sub-symbolic knowledge, 187 symbolic and non-formal or fuzzy

knowledge, 188 Petri net, 249 Predicate calculus, 21

410 ENGINEERING INTELLIGENT HYBRID MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS

Problem formulation, 193 Problem solving agents, 211, 218, 303

control agent, 221,303 decision agent, 221, 305 decomposition agent, 221, 303 postprocessing agent, 221 preprocessing agent, 221, 303

Production rules, 23 Real-time systems, 4

response time, 207 RTAPS, 287

alarm processing, 350 alarm reduction, 355 collaboration, 336 cyclic operation and persistency, 335 dynamic model, 337 execution predence, 332 fault detection, 358 Global and Local Parallelism, 335 learning and adaptation, 336 learning strategy, 314 management related objectives, 341 network control agent, 326 scalability, 362 synchronous and asynchronous

communication, 335 two level three channel communication,

335 agent states, 336 Decision Agent, 327 domain related objectives, 341 emergent behavior, 334 implementation hierarchy, 343 learning knowledge, 313 methodology related objectives, 341 response time, 359 temporal reasoning, 359

Rule and Frame Based Architecture, 20 Rule Based Architecture, 20 Serial information processing machine, 6 Shallow knowledge, 26

Sigmoidal function, 34 Soft computing, 1 Soft constraints, 11 Software agents, 211

belief base agent, 215 communication agent, 215 distributed processing agent, 214 relational software agent, 216

Supervised learning, 28 perceptron, 30 multilayer, 33

Symbolic databases, 4 Task structure level, 189

intelligent methods for task accomplishment, 189

task constraints, 189 tasks, 189

Temporal reasoning, 273 Temporal Reasoning, 277 Top down approach, 61 Transformation systems, 13, 144, 179

extracting concept hierarchies, 159 financial trading, 155 learn fuzzy clusters, 80 rule extraction, 74 drawbacks, 179 forecasting profile system, 147 fuzzy inf~rence system, 78 learn fuzzy if-then rules, 83 learn fuzzy membership functions, 82 optimization of fuzzy systems, 76 transformation, 60

Unsupervised learning, 28 Kohonen grid, 152 Kohonen nets, 37 learn fuzzy clusters, 80 learn fuzzy if-then rules, 83 radial basis function nets, 35 Single Linkage Clustering Method, 156 learn fuzzy membership functions, 82

Viability, 194 Visual nervous system, 185