appendicular skeleton. girdles pelvic pectoral limbs concentrate on tetrapod limbs

Appendicular Skeleton

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Appendicular Skeleton

Girdles

• Pelvic

• Pectoral

• Limbs

• Concentrate on Tetrapod Limbs

Fig. 9.4

Tetrapod Limb

• Typical 4 limbs

• Primarily a modification of the Rhipidistian fin

wingspaddles

Lost 2

Lost 4Modified elements

Page 5: Appendicular Skeleton. Girdles Pelvic Pectoral Limbs Concentrate on Tetrapod Limbs

• Recall: Vp = Vg + Ve + Vgxe

• V = variation

• p = phenotypic

• g = genotypic

• e = environmental

Morphology(anatomy)

Behavior& Performance

Resource use(ecology)

Fitness

Page 6: Appendicular Skeleton. Girdles Pelvic Pectoral Limbs Concentrate on Tetrapod Limbs

Three main components

• With respect to the pectoral and pelvic girdles:

– Serially homologous –

1. Propodium (= stylopodium) – upper arm, upper leg

2. Epipodium (= zeugopodium) – forearm, shin

3. Autopodium – manus or pes (digits, and wrist and palm, or ankle and sole

Page 7: Appendicular Skeleton. Girdles Pelvic Pectoral Limbs Concentrate on Tetrapod Limbs

• Drawings of fore and hind limbs

Page 8: Appendicular Skeleton. Girdles Pelvic Pectoral Limbs Concentrate on Tetrapod Limbs

Page 9: Appendicular Skeleton. Girdles Pelvic Pectoral Limbs Concentrate on Tetrapod Limbs

Fig. 9.12

Page 10: Appendicular Skeleton. Girdles Pelvic Pectoral Limbs Concentrate on Tetrapod Limbs

Focus 9.2

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