Appendicular Skeleton Continued

Marieb Exercise 11, pgs 151-156

Pelvis and Pelvic Girdle• 2 coxal bones form girdle

– plus sacrum and coccyx = pelvis• anterior articulation at pubic symphysis• posterior articulation with sacrum (sacroilliac)

False Pelvis

• false (greater): portion superior to pelvic brim or inlet

• supports abdominal viscera, but DOES NOT restrict childbirth

True Pelvis

• true (lesser): pelvic brim or inlet and inferior• encloses the pelvic cavity• dimensions are critical for childbirth

– pelvic inlet: superior most opening– pelvic outlet: inferior most opening

Male vs. Female Pelvis

• See Table 11.1 in Marieb for details– Females

• wider pelvic inlet and outlet• wider pubic arch

Coxal Bones: 3 fused regions

• Ilium, Ischium, & Pubis

• Acetabulum (wine cup)– where the 3 bones fuse– recieves the head of the femur

• Obturator foramen– hole formed by fusion of pubis and ischium– blood vessels and nerves pass from pelvic cavity into

thigh

Ilium

• iliac crest• iliac spines mark

attachment of muscles and ligaments:– anterior superior iliac

spine (ASIS)– anterior inferior iliac

spine (AIIS)– Posterior SIS– PIIS

• greater sciatic notch– sciatic nerve passes to

lower limbs

medial view

lateral view

ischium

• ischial spine– posterior to

acetabulum

• ischial tuberosity– bear body weight when

seated

• lesser sciatic notch– blood vessels, nerves

and a small muscle pass here

medial view

lateral view

Pubis

medial view

lateral view

Femur

• Greater and Lesser Trochanter– where large tendons attach

to the femur

• Head– fovea capitis

where ligament attaches femur to acetabulum of pelvis

• Neck• linea aspera

– attachment

of hip muscles

Femur

• medial/lateral condyles– knee joint

• adductor tubercle– adductor magnus muscle

• popliteal surface (fossa)– posterior

• patellar surface (fossa)– anterior

Patella

• A sesamoid bone– enclosed in quadriceps tendon– secures anterior thigh muscle to tibia

Tibia (shin bone)

• larger medial leg bone

• medial/lateral condyles– knee joint with femur

• intercondylar eminence

• tibial tuberosity– attachment of patellar

ligament

Tibia (shin bone)

• medial malleolus– forms inner bulge of

ankle

• fibular notch– articulates with fibula

Fibula

• Lateral smaller bone• lateral malleolus

– forms outer bulge of ankle

• head– articulates with lateral

condyles of tibia

The Foot

• 7 tarsals

• 5 metatarsals

• 14 phalanges

The Foot

• 2 largest tarsals support body weight– calcaneus– talus

The Foot

• Other 5 Tarsals– Navicular– 1st-3rd cuneiforms

• medial, intermediate, lateral

– Cuboid

The Foot

• Metatarsals (5)– 1st-5th

• start at big toe

The Foot

• Phalanges (14)– metatarsal 1

• proximal and distal only

– metatarsal 2-5• proximal, middle and distal