Apartheid Apartheid in in

South Africa South Africa

What is apartheid? What is apartheid?

• Apartheid means-separate or apart.Apartheid means-separate or apart.

• Apartheid was a system of Apartheid was a system of segregation in South Africa from the segregation in South Africa from the 1940’s into the 1990’s. 1940’s into the 1990’s.

Where is South Africa? Where is South Africa?

Origins of Apartheid Origins of Apartheid

• 1908: A constitutional convention is held to establish South 1908: A constitutional convention is held to establish South African independence from Britain. The all-white government African independence from Britain. The all-white government decides that non-whites can vote but cannot hold office. A few decides that non-whites can vote but cannot hold office. A few people in the new government object, believing that South Africa people in the new government object, believing that South Africa would be more stable if Africans were treated better. would be more stable if Africans were treated better.

• 1912: The African National Congress is formed. This political 1912: The African National Congress is formed. This political party aims to organize Africans in the struggle for civil rights. party aims to organize Africans in the struggle for civil rights.

• 1913: The Native Lands Act gives 7.3% of the country's land to 1913: The Native Lands Act gives 7.3% of the country's land to Africans, who make up 80% of the population. Africans are Africans, who make up 80% of the population. Africans are prohibited from owning land outside their region. Africans are prohibited from owning land outside their region. Africans are allowed to be on white land only if they are working for whites. allowed to be on white land only if they are working for whites.

Origins of Apartheid Origins of Apartheid

• By 1939, fewer than 30% of Africans are receiving any formal By 1939, fewer than 30% of Africans are receiving any formal education, and whites are earning over five times as much as education, and whites are earning over five times as much as Africans. Africans.

• National Party is elected in 1948 and apartheid goes into effect.National Party is elected in 1948 and apartheid goes into effect.

• 1950: The Population Registration Act. This law classifies people into 1950: The Population Registration Act. This law classifies people into three racial groups: white, colored (mixed race or Asian), and native three racial groups: white, colored (mixed race or Asian), and native (African/black). Marriages between races are outlawed in order to (African/black). Marriages between races are outlawed in order to maintain racial purity.maintain racial purity.

• 1953: The Preservation of Separate Amenities Act establishes 1953: The Preservation of Separate Amenities Act establishes "separate but not necessarily equal" parks, beaches, post offices, "separate but not necessarily equal" parks, beaches, post offices, and other public places for whites and non-whites. At right are signs and other public places for whites and non-whites. At right are signs for segregated toilets in English and Afrikaans. for segregated toilets in English and Afrikaans.

Apartheid Cont.Apartheid Cont.

Apartheid Cont. Apartheid Cont.

• Africans had to carry passbooks to determine their racial Africans had to carry passbooks to determine their racial backgrounds and were separated by skin colorbackgrounds and were separated by skin color. Between 1948-. Between 1948-1973, over ten million Africans were arrested because their passes 1973, over ten million Africans were arrested because their passes were "not in order." Burning pass books becomes a common form of were "not in order." Burning pass books becomes a common form of protest .protest .

• 1963: Nelson Mandela, head of the African National Congress, is 1963: Nelson Mandela, head of the African National Congress, is jailed.jailed.

• 1976: The Soweto uprising: People in Soweto riot and demonstrate 1976: The Soweto uprising: People in Soweto riot and demonstrate against discrimination and instruction in Afrikaans, the language of against discrimination and instruction in Afrikaans, the language of whites descended from the Dutch. The police react with gunfire. whites descended from the Dutch. The police react with gunfire. 575 people are killed and thousands are injured and arrested. 575 people are killed and thousands are injured and arrested. Protesters against apartheid link arms in a show of resistance. Protesters against apartheid link arms in a show of resistance.

Apartheid Cont.Apartheid Cont.

• Marriages between whites and blacks Marriages between whites and blacks were prohibited. were prohibited.

• People were forced to live in People were forced to live in separate neighborhoods. separate neighborhoods.

• Poor educational system for blacks. Poor educational system for blacks. Purposely set at low standards. Purposely set at low standards.

• Subjects were: dishwashing, and Subjects were: dishwashing, and weeding of flower beds. weeding of flower beds.

Apartheid Cont. Apartheid Cont.

• 1991: South Africa President F.W. de Klerk repeals 1991: South Africa President F.W. de Klerk repeals the rest of the apartheid laws and calls for the the rest of the apartheid laws and calls for the drafting of a new constitution. drafting of a new constitution.

•1994: Elections are held1994: Elections are held. The United Nations sends . The United Nations sends 2,120 international observers to ensure the 2,120 international observers to ensure the fairness of the elections. The African National fairness of the elections. The African National Congress, representing South Africa's majority Congress, representing South Africa's majority black population. black population. Nelson Mandela, the African Nelson Mandela, the African resistance leader who had been jailed for 27 years, resistance leader who had been jailed for 27 years, is elected President. is elected President.

Images of Apartheid Images of Apartheid

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid

Images of ApartheidImages of Apartheid