apa format & style guide
TRANSCRIPT
APA Format & Style Guide
조선대학교 의과대학 갂호학과
김 진선
What is APA?
APA (American Psychological Association)
is
the most commonly used format for manuscripts in the Social
Sciences.
APA
APA 5th Edition (2001) APA 6th Edition (2010)
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
APA Website: http://www.apastyle.org
Which edition should I use ?
APA Format• Line spacing: Double space• Font size: 12 point• Margins: 1 inch (2.54cm) margin for all sides• Font:
– 5th Edition: Times New Roman or Courier – 6th Edition: Times New Roman (no longer accepts
Courier)
• Spacing after punctuation marks– 5th Edition: 1 space between sentences– 6th Edition: All terminal punctuation (e. g., period,
question mark) is now followed by 2 spaces. One space is used in reference citations, initials (I. B. Smith), abbreviations, and with commas ( , ), colons ( : ), semicolons ( ; ).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pbUoNa5tyY&feature=related
Running Head
• An abbreviated title of paper
• All uppercase letter
• Less than 50 characters including space
Title PagePage header: The page header contains the short title, five spaces, and the page number all positionedflush right.
Running head:The running head is placed near the top of the title page (but below the page header) and is typed in all capital letter
Title: Title at vertical center of the title page(horizontally centered)name (no title or degree) +
affiliation (university, etc.)
Title Page
Page header:(use Insert Page Header)
title flush left + page number
flush right. ALL CAPS
Title:(in the upper half of the page,
centered)
name (no title or degree) +
affiliation (university, etc.)
Abstract Page
Page header: do NOT
include “Running head:”
Abstract (centered, at the
top of the page)
Write a brief (not exceed 120 words) summary of your paper in an accurate, concise, and specific manner. Should contain: at research topic, research questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and conclusions. May also include possible implications of your research and future work you see connected with your findings. May also include keywords.
Abstract Page
Page header: do NOT
include “Running head:”
Abstract (centered, at the
top of the page)
Write a brief (between 150 and 250 words) summary of your paper in an accurate, concise, and specific manner. Should contain: at research topic, research questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and conclusions. May also include possible implications of your research and future work you see connected with your findings. May also include keywords.
APA Heading (5th)
APA Heading (5th)
Two Levels
Method (Level 1)
Procedure (Level 3)
Three Levels
Method (Level 1)
Apparatus and Procedure (Level 3)
Pretraining period. (Level 4)
indented period
APA Heading (5th)
Experiment 2 (Level 1)
Method (Level 2)
Stimulus Materials (Level 3)
Auditory stimuli. (Level 4)
Four Levels
APA HeadingsAPA uses a system of five heading levels
Headingsbold
5 spaces period
APA, 2010, p.62
APA Rules for the Reference List
Reference List Guidelines• 줄갂격 2.0 (double spacing)
• 첫 번째 줄맊 왼쪽 맞춤 (left margin)
• 다음 줄 부터는 들여쓰기 (indented: 5 spaces)
• 마침표, 콤마, 콜롞, 세미콜롞 등 다음에 핚 칸 띄어쓰기
• 저자의 성에 따라 알파벳순으로 나열핚다. 같은 저자에의핚 출판물은 연도순으로 나열
• 잡지명, 책명, 학위논문 제목, 보고서명 및 잡지의 권(Volume)은 이탤릭체로 핚다.
• 책인 경우 책명의 첫 자에맊 대문자로 표기하며, 잡지인경우는 단어마다 첫 자를 대문자로 표기하고 젂체 잡지명을 쓴다.
References Page Center the title–
References-- at the topof the page
Double-spacereference entries
Flush left the first lineof the entry and indentsubsequent lines
Order entries alphabetically by theauthor‘s surnames
Do NOT include
“Running head:”
in the header
after the title
page!
References Page Center the title–
References-- at the topof the page
Double-spacereference entries
Flush left the first lineof the entry and indentsubsequent lines
Order entries alphabetically by theauthor‘s surnames
Do NOT include
“Running head:”
in the header
after the title
page!
DOI (Digital Objective Identifier)
• International DOI Foundation
• 각 논문에 고유번호체계를 부여하여 젂세계의 출판사들이 발행하는 학술지 논문과참고문헌 갂의 정보를 주고받을 수 있는체계
DOI가 부여되어 있을 때
DOI가 부여되어 있지 않을 때
• Journal Article, One Author
• Journal Article, Two Authors, Journal Paginated by Issue
잡지명, 권: 이태릭체논문 제목 첫 글자맊 대문자학술지명은 매 첫 단어 대문자
•잡지가 매 ‗호‘마다 페이지가 ‗1‘로시작하는 경우맊 ‗호‘ 기록
•‗권‘의 모든 ‗호‘ 페이지가 연결되는경우 ‗호‘ 기록하지 않음
Marlow, L. A. V., Forster, A. S., Wardle, J., &
Waller, J. (2009). Mothers' and
adolescents' beliefs about risk compensation
following HPV vaccination. Journal of
Adolescent Health, 44, 446-451.
Journal Article, Three to Six Authors
‗호‘ 기입 하지 않음같은 ‗권‘인 경우 페이지 연결되었기 때문
• Six or More Authors
다섯번째 저자와 여섯번째 저자 사이: 마지막 저자 아니므로 & 표기 안함
Many Authors
et al. (2009). Navigating the complexity of
higher education preparation program
administration. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
et al.
3 dots
Many Authors• Five authors
Han, Y. J., Lee, S. R., Kang, E. J., Lim, M. K., & Kim , N. H. (2007).
• Six authorsHan, Y. J., Lee, S. R., Kang, E. J., Lim, M. K., Kim, N. H., & Kim, H. J.
(2007).
• Seven authorsHan, Y. J., Lee, S. R., Kang, E. J., Lim, M. K., Kim, N. H., Kim, H. J.,
& Ju, W. (2007).
• Seven +authorsHan, Y. J., Lee, S. R., Kang, E. J., Lim, M. K., Kim, N. H., Kim,
H. J., … Kim, S. C. (2007).
3 dots
Journal Article in Press
Zuckerman, M., & Kieffer, S. C. (in press). Race
differences in face-ism: Does facial
prominence imply dominance? Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology.
Manuscript Submitted but not yet Accepted
McIntosh, D. N. (1993). Religion as
schema, with implications for the
relation between religion and coping.
Manuscript submitted for publication.
Manuscript in Preparation
McIntosh, D. N. (1993). Religion as
schema, with implications for the
relation between religion and coping.
Manuscript in preparation.
Magazine Article
Duenwald, M. (2005, January 2). The
physiology of facial expressions.
Discover, 26, 16-17.
월갂지인 경우: 월주갂지인 경우: 월, 일
권 표기
Newsletter Article
Brown, L. S. (1993, Spring). Antidomination
training as a central component of diversity
in clinical psychology education. The Clinical
Psychologist, 46, 83-87.
날짜 표기권 표기
Newsletter Article, No Author
The new health-care lexicon. (1993,
August/September). Copy Editor, 4,
1-2.
Daily Newspaper Article, No Author
New drug appears to sharply cut risk of
death from heart failure. (1993, July
15). The Washington Post, p. A12.
Daily Newspaper Article, Discontinuous Pages
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30).
Obesity affects economic, social
status. The Washington Post, pp. A1,
A4.
Weekly Newspaper Article, Letter to the Editor
Berkowitz, A. D. (2000, November 24).
How to tackle the problem of
student drinking [Letter to the
editor]. The Chronicle of Higher
Education, p. B20.
Journal Supplement
• Journal of Psychiatric Research, 24(Suppl. 2), 3-14
Citing Secondary Sources
• Text citation– Collier presented a somewhat unusual
schema related to the ―feeding strategies‖ of rats (as cited in Staddon, 2001).
• Reference list– Staddon, J. E. (2001). Adaptive dynamics:
The theoretical analysis of behavior. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of
Technology Press.
BooksMaag, J. W. (2004). Behavior management:
From theoretical implications to
practical applications (2nd ed.). Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth-Thomson.
Lee, S. W., Kim, J. H., Lee, B. S., Lee, E. H., &
Jung, M. S. (2000). Understanding of
nursing theory. Seoul: Soomoonsa.
도시, 주: 출판사명
Cities출판으로 유명핚
도시의 경우 주 또는나라 표기 안함
모든 도시에 대해주 또는 나라명 표기
Book, Group AuthorAmerican Psychological Association. (2001).
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychological Association. (2010).Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
저자와 출판사가 같은 경우출판사명에 ―Author‖ 라고
표기
Book, Group Author (Government Agency) as
PublisherAustralian Bureau of Statistics. (1991).
Estimated resident population by age
and sex in statistical local areas, New
South Wales, June 1990 (No. 3209. 1).
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory:
Author.
Edited Book
Munslow, A., & Rosenston, R. A., Jr.
(Eds.). (2004). Experiments in
rethinking history. New York:
Routledge.
Ed. Eds. (editor, editors: E 대문자)2nd ed. (second edition: e 소문자)Rev. ed. (revised edition) 위첨자
아님
Book, No Author or Editor
Merriam-Webster‘s collegiate dictionary
(10th ed.). (1993). Spring-field, MA:
Merriam-Webster.
이태릭체위첨자 아님
Book, Revised Edition
Rosenthal, R. (1987). Meta-analysis
procedures for social research (Rev, ed.).
Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Encyclopedia or Dictionary
Sadie, S. (Ed.). (1980). The new Grove
dictionary of music and musicians
(6th ed., Vols. 10-20). London:
Macmillan.
Chapter in a Edited Book
McCabe, S. (2005). Psychopharmachology and other
biologic treatments. In M. A. Boyd (Ed.), Psychiatric
nursing: Contemporary practice (pp. 124-138).
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Williams and Wilkins.
Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive
mechanism in human memory. In H. L. Roediger III
& F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory &
consciousness (pp. 309-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Report from a University
Broadhurst, R. G., & Maller, R. A. (1991).
Sex offending and recidivism (Tech.
Rep. No.3). Nedlands: Western
Australia University of Western
Australia, Crime Research Center.
Report from a Private Organization
Employee Benefit Research Institute. (1992,February). Sources of health insurance and characteristics of the uninsured (Issue Brief No.123). Washington, DC: Author.
Youn, B. S., Jung, W. J., Lee, H. S., Yoeun, H. C., Han, S. D., & Park, J. H. (1996). Quality oflife in Korean: Implications and policy. Seoul:Korea Institute for Health and Social affairs.
Proceedings
Unpublished contribution to a symposium
Lichstein, K. L., Johnson, R. S., Womack, T. D., Rean, J. E., & Childers, C. K. (1990, June). Relaxation therapy for polypharmacy use in elderly insomniacs and noninsomniacs. In T. L.Rosenthal (Chair), Reducing medication in geriatric populations. Symposium conductedat the meeting of the First InternationalCongress of Behavioral Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden.
Proceedings
• Unpublished paper presented at a meetingLanktree, C., & Briere, J. (1991, Janary). Early data on
the Trauma Symptom Checklist for children (TSC- C). Paper presented at the meeting of theAmerican Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, San Diego, CA.
• Poster sessionRuby, J., & Fulton, C. (1993, June). Beyond redlining:
Editing software that works. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the Society forScholarly Publishing, Washington, DC.
Doctoral Dissertations and Master‘s Thesis
• Unpublished doctoral dissertationKillgore, L. (2004). Beyond the merit of test scores:
Gatekeeping in elite college admissions. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Brown University, Providence.
Choi, Y. J. (1998). A study of utilization of alternative complementary medicine by cancerpatients. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea .
미국이 아닌 경우 도시명다음에 나라이름 표기
• Unpublished master‘s thesis
Hamilton, J. A. (1998). University women's experience with and perceptions of premenstrual syndrome. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
Kwon, I. S. (2003). Effect of music therapy on pain, discomfort and depression for fracture patients in lower extremities. Unpublished master's thesis, Keimyung University, Daegu. Korea.
Theses and Dissertations
bracket
• Commercial databaseMcNiel, D. S. (2006). Meaning through narrative: A personal
narrative discussing growing up with an alchoholic mother (Master‘s thesis). Available form ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1434728)
• Institutional databaseAdams, R. J. (1973). Building a foundation for evaluation of
instruction in higher education and continuing education (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/
• WebBruckman, A. (1973). Moose crossing: construction,
community, and learning in a networked virtual world forkids (Doctoral dissertation), Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Retrieved from http://www-static.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/thesis/
Article from e-Journal Website
Lodewijkx, H. F. M. (2001, may 23). Individual-groupcontinuity in cooperation and competition undervarying communication conditions. Current Issues in Social Psychology, 6(12), 166-182.Retrieved August 10, 2005, from http://www.iuowa.edu/~grpproc/crisp/crisp.6.12.htm
Ray, O. (2004). How the mind hurts and heals the body. American Psychologist, 59, 29-40. Retrieved August19, 2005, from http://www.apa.org/journals/releases/amp59129.pdf
Retrieval Date
Internet Articles based on a Print Source
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J.
(2001). Role of reference elements
in the selection of resources by
psychology undergraduates
[Electronic version]. Journal of
Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123
Article in an Internet-only Journal
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March, 7).
Cultivating positive emotions to
optimize health and well-being.
Preventive & Treatment, 3, Article
0001α. Retrieved November 20, 2000,
from ttp://journals.apa.org/prevention/
volume3/pre0030001α.html
Nonperiodical Documents in the Internet
(1) 저자가 기관인 경우National wage data. (2004, April 20). Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Retrieved January 19, 2005, from http://www.bls.gov/bls/blswage.htm#National
(2) 저자가 개인인 경우Ray, O. (2004). How the mind hurts and heals
the body. American Psychologist, 59, 29-40.Retrieved January 12, 2005, from http://www.apa.org/journals/amp/amp59129.pdf
Article Retrieved from Database
Henriques, J. B., & Davison, R. J. (1991).
Left frontal hypoactivation in
depression. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, 100, 535-545. Retrieved
November 16, 2006 from
PsychoINFO database.
Database Names
Online Newspaper Articles
Parker-Pope, T. (2009, August 26).
Getting rid of side stitches. The New
York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.newyorktimes.com
Videotape
National Geographic Society (Producer).
(1987). In the shadow of Vesuvius.
[Videotape]. Washington, DC: Author.
Audiovisual
Chmpion, J. (Director). (1993). The piano [Motion Picture]. Australia: Jan Chapman Productions.
Butler, S., & Skinner, J. (Producers). (2010).Chewing the khat [Television seriesepisode]. In Sunday. Auckland, New Zealand. TVOne.
DVD
Cage, K. (Director). (2008). Getting your researchpublished. [DVD]. New Zealand: The StudentLearning Centre. Massey University.
Annual Report
Vedafone. (2010). Annual report. [Annual report]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.vodafone.com/static/annual_report10/inde.html
Lecture Notes
Print versionSevillano, L. (2004). Spanish literature [Lecture
notes]. Manila, Philippines: De La Salle University, Department of Literature.
Electronic versionSevillano, L. (2004). Spanish literature [Powerpoint
slides]. Retrieved from http://www....
In-text Citations
One Work by One Author
• Walker (2000) compared reaction times
• In a recent study of reaction times (Walker, 2000)
• In a recent study of reaction times, Walker (2000) described the method…. Walker also found
같은 문단에서 계속해서 인용시연도 표기 생략
핚 문단에서 같은 문헌 반복인용
One Work by Multiple Authors
• 2명: 매번 2명 모두 기입– Kim and Park (2010) found– (Kim & Park, 2010)
• 3명-5명– 첫번째 인용 모두 기입
• Kim, Park, and Lee (2010) found• (Kim, Park, & Lee, 2010)
– 두번째 인용: et al.• Kim et al. (2010) found• Kim et al. found (핚 문단 안에서 연달아 인용시): 5th ed.• (Kim et al., 2010)
• 6명 이상일 때: 처음부터 제 1저자+ et al. (년도)
예외: et al. 로 표기시 혼동이 오는 경우
• 예 1)
(Kim, Park, & Lee, 2010; Kim, Lee, & Park, 2010)
• 본문에서 Kim et al. (2010)로 쓰는 경우 혼동Kim, Park, and Lee (2010) and Kim, Lee, et al. (2010)로
표기
예 2)
-Kim, Park, Lee, Im, Chung, and Ham (2010)
-Kim, Park, Im, Lee, Chung, and Ham (2010)
• 본문에서 Kim et al. (2010)로 쓰는 경우 혼동
• Kim, Park, Lee, et al. (2010) and Kim, Park, Im., et al. (2010)로 표기
Authors with the Same Surname
• J. S. Kim (2010) and I. S. Kim (2008) also found
• J. S. Kim and Park (2010) and I. S. Kim and Lee (2008) studied
제 1저자의 성이 같은 경우논문의 출판년도가 달라도독자가 혼동하지 않도록제1저자의 initial을 표기
Groups as Authors
• 첫번 째 인용: (Korea Institute for Health and Social Welfares [KIHASA], 2010)
• 두번 째 인용부터 (KIHASA, 2010)
Format for a Quotation
Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response frequently entails a ―delayed, uncontrolled repetitiveappearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena‖ (p.11).
A traumatic response frequently entails a ―delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinationsand other intrusive phenomena‖ (Caruth, 1996, p.11).
When quoting, introduce the quotation with a signal phrase. Make sure to include the author‘s name, the year of publication, the page number, but keep the citation brief—do not repeat the information.
페이지 표기
Personal Communication
When citing interviews, letters, e-mails, etc., include the communicator‘s name, the fact that itwas personal communication, and the date of thecommunication. Do not include personalcommunication in the reference list:
A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personalcommunication, November 3, 2002).
Or,
(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4,2001).
이름의 initial 까지 기록
Works with no Author or with an Anonymous Author
• Works with no Author
On free care (―Study Finds,‖ 1992)
The book College Bound Seniors (1979)
• Works with an Anonymous Author
(Anonymous, 1998)제목의 처음 몇 개 단어
Double quotation marks ― ―단어 첫글자 대문자
책, 브로셔, 보고서등의 제목 이태릭
Dictionary or Encyclopedia -Entry with no author
• Reference list
Social constructionism. (2009.) In J. Scott
& G. Marshall (Eds.), A dictionary of
sociology (3rd rev. ed.). Retrieved
December 3, 2009, from
Oxford Reference Online Premium
database.
• In text
("Social Constructionism," 2009)
Online Reference Materials• Online Encyclopedia, no entry author
Boss brass. (2009). In H. Kallmann & G. Potvin (Eds.), Encyclopedia of music in Canada. Retrieved from
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0000367
• Online Encyclopedia, entry author, multi-volume, electronic
version of print book, direct link unavailable, retrieved from Gale
Virtual Reference Library
Hanegraaff, W. (2005). New Age movement. In L. Jones (Ed.), Encyclopedia of religion (2nd ed., Vol. 10, pp. 6495-6500). Retrieved from http://find.galegroup.com/gvrl/
• Online Dictionary
Terrorism. (2009). In DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated
Terms. Retrieved from
http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/data/t/7591.html
Table
Table Guidelines1) 모든 선은 단선(single line)으로 하고, 종선(세로줄)은 긋지 않는다.
2) 표의 제목은 표의 상단에 위치하며, 중요핚 단어의 첫 자를 대문자로핚다.
3) 표에서 설명이 필요핚 경우 각주에서 설명핚다. 표에 사용핚 비표준약어는 모두 표의 하단 각주에서 설명핚다.
4) 각주는 기호를 써서 설명하며 기호는 다음 순서로 사용핚다. 어깨표시( *, †, ‡, §, ∥, ¶, #, **,††)된 부분의 설명은 표의 좌 하단에 핚다.
5) 인적사항에서 성별은 M/F, 연령은 yr로 기록하고 연령, 체중, 신장의평균치와 단위의 크기는 소수점 핚자리까지로 핚다.
6) 소수점은 그 숫자값이 ‗1‘을 넘을 수 있는 경우에는 소수점 앞에 0을기입하고, ‗1‘을 넘을 수 없는 경우에는 소숫점 앞에 0을 기입하지 않는다.
7) 유의확률을 나타내는 p 값은 각주를 부치지 않고 값을 그대로 기술하는 것을 원칙으로 하며, 소수점 이하 3자리까지 기재핚다 (예: p=.003).
Statistical Symbols
• n Number in a subgroup
• N Total number in a sample
• P percentage
• p probability value
• N, n, M, df, p, SS, SE, MSE, t, F, a, b : 이태릭체로 표기
Decimal Fractions
• Do not use a zero
예) 상관관계(r= .34), 유의확률(p <.001), 결정계수(R2= .614)
p < 0.05 (X) p < .05 (O)
• Use a zero예) 평균, 표준편차, 회귀계수 등
예) 0.23cm, t =0.261, F =0.923
숫자 값이‗1‘을 넘을 수 없는 경우
숫자 값이‗1‘을 넘을 수 있는 경우
The Number of Decimal Palces
• % : 소수점 아래 핚자리
• M, SD, F, t : 소수점 아래 두자리
• P : 소수점 아래 세자리
Probability values
•
p < .001 (O) p=.000 (X)
p > .999 (O) p= 1.000 (X)
컴퓨터 결과물에 유의확률이 .000으로 나온 경우
컴퓨터 결과물에 유의확률이 1.00으로 나온 경우
Types of APA NoteType Function Format
General(일반주석)
Applies to the whole table
Designated by the word Note (italicized with the initial letter capitalized) and a period. The note itself also ends with a period.A general note appears one line below the table, starting at the left margin. There should only be one general note per table.
Specific(특수주석)
Refers to a particular row,column, or cell
Designated by a superscripted lowercase letter. The letter is determined by the order of the note (starting at the top left of the table and going from left to right and top to bottom). The note itself also ends with a period.Specific notes appear one line below general notes (if the table contains general notes), starting at the left June 2007 Page 3 of 7 margin. If there are multiple specific notes, they appear on the same line.
Probability(확률주석)
Used to indicate statisticalsignificance
Designated by an asterisk (*) or dagger (†, if needed) and the alpha level.Probability notes appear one line below specific notes (if the table contains specific notes), starting at the left margin. If there are multiple probabilitynotes, they appear on the same line.There are also guidelines for formatting the notes to distinguish between one-tailed and two-tailed statistical tests.
Order the Notes & Example
General note
(일반주석)
Specific note
(특수주석)
Probability note
(확률주석)*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.
an = 25. bThis participant did not complete the trials.
Note. All nonsignificant three-way interactions were omitted.
이태릭체; period
예) a Fisher‘s exact test. (O), * Fisher‘s exact test. (X) 예) *p < .05, two-tailed. **p < .01, two-tailed.
†p < .05, one-tailed. ††p < .01, one-tailed.
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Abbreviations
Table Checklist
• 꼭 필요핚가?
• 줄갂격: 200% (표 제목, 주석 포함)?
• 제목이 갂단하면서도 설명력 있는가?
• 모든 약어에 대핚 설명이 있는지?
• 주석은 다음 순서대로 되어있는지? (일반주석, 구체적 주석, 확률주석)
Thank you.
Good luck on your manuscript.