apa citation style 6th edition

APA CITATION STYLE 6TH EDITIONBASED ON

HTTP://RDC.LIBGUIDES.COM

Nor ezan bin omar

[be seen or you are a nobody]

http://rdc.libguides.com/

APA Citation Style 6th Edition

American Psychological Association (APA) style is commonly used for citing references in science and social science courses, such as Psychology, Nursing, and Social Work.

The purpose of documentation is to: Identify (cite) other people’s ideas and information used within

your essay. Indicate the authors or sources of these in aReferences list at the

end of your paper. The best way to avoid plagiarism is to cite your sources.

“Plagiarism: The submission by a student of the writings, ideas or data of another individual as the student’s own in any essay or assignment. Avoid the consequences of plagiarism by giving proper references to your sources.”

--RDC Academic Terminology Glossary

http://library.rdc.ab.ca/research_help/avoiding_plagiarism/

http://www.rdc.ab.ca/current_students/academic_terminology.html

Book with one Author or Editor

General Format In-Text Citation (Paraphrase) -entry that appears in the body of your paper when you

express the ideas of a researcher or author using your own words.

In-Text Citation (Quotation) -entry that appears in the body of your paper after a direct quote.

References - entry that appears at the end of your paper.

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Author Surname, Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Place of

Publication: Publisher.

Example


(Franks, 2005)


(Franks, 2005, p. 148)

References:

Franks, A. (2005). Margaret Sanger's eugenic legacy: The control of female fertility. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.

Book with Two Authors or Editors

General Format


(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Direct Quote):

(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example


(Burley & Harris, 2002)


(Burley & Harris, 2002, p. 153)

References:

Burley, J., & Harris, J. (Eds.). (2002). A companion to genethics. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Book with Three to Five Authors or Editors

General Format


(Author Surname, Author Surname, & Author Surname, Year)

NOTE: Although the first in-text citation for a work with three to five authors/editors

includes all of the names of the authors/editors, subsequent citations include

only the first author's/editor's surname, followed by et al. and the year.


(Author Surname, Author Surname, & Author Surname, Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial.

Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title:

Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example


(Johnson, Roberts, & Worell, 1999)

NOTE: A subsequent citation would appear as (Johnson et al., 1999)


(Johnson, Roberts, & Worell, 1999, p. 72)

References:

Johnson, N. G., Roberts, M. C., & Worell, J. (Eds.). (1999). Beyond appearance: A new look at adolescent girls. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

General Format


(Author Surname [of Chapter or Article], Year)


(Author Surname [of Chapter or Article], Year, page number)

References (Quotation):

Author Surname [of Chapter or Article], First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article or chapter title. In Editor First Initial.

Second Initial. Surname (Eds.), Book title:Subtitle (pp. page range of article or chapter). Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example


(Lawrence & Dodds, 2003)


(Lawrence & Dodds, 2003, p. 526)

References:

Lawrence, J. A., & Dodds, A. E. (2003). Goal-directed activities and life-span development. In J. Valsiner & K. Connolly (Eds.), Handbook of developmentalpsychology (pp. 517-533). London, England: Sage Publications.

Article in a Reference Book

General Format


(Author Surname [of Article], Year)


(Author Surname [of Article], Year, page number)


Author Surname [of Article], First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title. In Editor First Initial. Second Initial. Surname (Eds.), Reference book title: Subtitle(# ed. edition, Vol. Volume, pp. page range of article). Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example


(Lindgren, 1994)


(Lindgren, 1994, p.468)

References:

Lindgren, H. C. (1994). Stereotyping. In Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 468-469). New York, NY: Wiley.

Book with no Author

General Format


(Book title [usually shortened], Year)


(Book title [usually shortened], Year, page number)

References:

Book title: Subtitle. (Year). Place of Publication:

Publisher.

Example


(Merriam-Webster's, 2005)


(Merriam-Webster's, 2005, p. 3)

References:

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

E-Book

General Format





References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle [Version]. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx OR Retrieved

from URL of the home page of the e-book provider.

Example


(Ochs, 2004)


(Ochs, 2004, p. 55)

References:

Ochs, S. (2004). A history of nerve functions: From animal spirits to molecular mechanisms [ebrary Reader version]. Retrieved from

http://www.ebrary.com/corp/

Edition of a Book other than the First

General Format





References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book

title: Subtitle (edition). Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example


(Harris, 2001)


(Harris, 2001, p. 50)

References:

Harris, L. A. (2001). Canadian copyright law (3rd ed.). Toronto, ON: McGraw Hill Ryerson.

A Translation

General Format


(Author Surname, Year Originally Published/Year of Translation)


(Author Surname, Year Originally Published/Year of Translation, page number)


Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle (Translator First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Trans.). Place of Publication: Publisher. (Original work published Year).

Example


(Laplace, 1814/1951)


(Laplace, 1814/1951, p. 148)

References:

Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1814).

JOURNAL/MAGAZINE ARTICLES

If a journal article has a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) listed, you will always include this identifier in your reference. You will not have to include the URL of the journal's home page or of the database from which you retrieved the article if a DOI is available.

Journal Article with One Author





References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx OR Retrieved from URL of journal

home page [if available].

Example


(Pettigrew, 2009)


(Pettigrew, 2009, p. 61)

References:

Pettigrew, T. F. (2009). Secondary transfer effect of contact: Do intergroup contact effects spread to noncontacted outgroups? Social Psychology, 40(2), 55-65.

doi:10.1027/1864-9335.40.2.55

Journal Article with Two Authors


(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year)


(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range.

doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx OR Retrieved from URL of journal home page [if available].

Example


(Paterson & Thorne, 2003)


(Paterson & Thorne, 2003, p. 30)

References:

Paterson, B. L., & Thorne, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26- 38.

References:

Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of AppliedPsychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap

Journal Article with Three to Five Authors

General Format


(Author Surname, Author Surname, & Author Surname, Year)

NOTE: Although the first in-text citation for a work with three to five

authors/editors includes all of the names of the authors/editors,

subsequent citations include only the first author's/editor's surname,

followed by et al. and the year.


(Author Surname, Author Surname, & Author Surname, Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial.

Second Initial., & Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title:

Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue), page range. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx OR

Retrieved from URL of journal home page [if available].

Example


(Brinkworth, Noakes, Buckley, Keogh, & Clifton, 2009)

NOTE: A subsequent citation would appear as (Brinkworth et al., 2009)


(Brinkworth, Noakes, Buckley, Keogh, & Clifton, 2009, p. 27)

References:

Brinkworth, G. D., Noakes, M., Buckley, J. D., Keogh, J. B., & Clifton, P. M. (2009).

Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an

isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90

(1), 23-32. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27326

Journal Article with Six or More Authors

General Format


(Author Surname et al., Year)


(Author Surname et al., Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second

Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial.

Second Initial., Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial., & Author Surname,

First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article title: Subtitle. Journal Title, Volume(issue),

page range. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx [if available] OR Retrieved from URL of journal

home page [if available].

NOTE: If an article has more than seven authors, list the names of

the first six authors followed by ... and then the last author's name in the

reference entry (p. 198).

Example


(Dietz et al., 2007)


(Dietz et al., 2007, p. 1517)

References:

Dietz, P. M., Williams, S. B., Callaghan, W. M., Bachman, D. J., Whitlock, E. P., & Hornbrook, M. C. (2007). Clinically identified maternal depression before, during, and after pregnancies ending in live births. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(10), 1515-1520. Retrieved from

http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

Magazine Article

General Format





References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Magazine Title, Volume(issue),

page range. Retrieved from URL of magazine home page [if viewed online].

Example In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Henry & Mehta, 1990)


(Henry & Mehta, 1990, p. 30)

References:

Henry, W. A., & Mehta, N. S. (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. Time, 135, 28-31.

References:

Kuttner, R. (2003, September 8). The great American pension-fund robbery. Business Week, 24-26. Retrieved from

http://www.businessweek.com/

Newspaper Article

General Format





References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Newspaper Title, page range. Retrieved from URL [if viewed online]

ExampleExample 1


(Wallace, 2007)


(Wallace, 2007, p. A8)

References:

Wallace, K. (2007, December 4). Passport applicant finds massive privacy breach. The Globe and Mail, pp. A1, A8.

References:

Severson, K., & Martin, A. (2009, March 3). It's organic, but does that mean it's safer? The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

WEBSITES

When citing sources that you find on the Internet you only need to include a retrieval date if the information you viewed is likely to change over time (p. 192). If you reference an article from Wikipedia, for example, you would want to include a retrieval date because information in a wiki can be subject to a lot of change.

General Format




(Author Surname, Year, page or paragraph number [if available])

References:

Personal or Corporate Author. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). Title of specific document. Retrieved from URL of specific document

Example


(Browning, 1993)


(Browning, 1993, para. 12)

References:

Browning, T. (1993). A brief historical survey of women writers of science fiction. Retrieved from

http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/tonya/Tonya/sf/history.html

Web page from a University site

General Format




(Author Surname, Year, page or paragraph number [if available])

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). Title of specific document. Retrieved from Name of Universitywebsite: URL of specific document

Example


(Johnson & Becker, n.d.)


(Johnson & Becker, n.d.)

References:

Johnson, K. A., & Becker, J. A. (n.d.). The whole brain atlas. Retrieved from Harvard University Medical School website: http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/

Document from a Web site with no Author

General Format


(Title of specific document, Year)

NOTE: If the title of a document is long, use a shortened version for the

in-text citations.


(Title of specific document, Year, page or paragraph number [if available])

References:

Title of specific document. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). InTitle of website. Retrieved from URL of specific document

Example


(Neurology, n.d.)


(Neurology, n.d.)

References:

Neurology. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology

Blog Post

General Format


(Author Surname OR Screen name, Year)



References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Author screen name {as it appears on the blog}. (Year, Month Day {of post}). Title of

specific post [Web log post].Retrieved from URL of specific post

NOTE: If it is the original blog post use [Web log post]. If it is a reply or comment made to the original post, use [Web log comment].

Example


(MiddleKid, 2007)


(MiddleKid, 2007)

References:

MiddleKid. (2007, January 22). Re: The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your

mind [Web log comment]. Retrieved from

http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01/the_unfortunate_prerequisites.php

Entry in an Online Reference Work

General Format




(Author Surname, Year, page number [if available])

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year; if not known, put n.d.). Title of entry. In Editor First Initial. Second Initial. Surname (Ed.), Title of reference work (edition, Vol. #). Retrieved from URL

Example


(Graham, 2005)


(Graham, 2005)

References:

Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries

/behaviorism/

AUDIOVISUAL MEDIAMotion Picture/Video Recording

General Format


(Producer Surname & Director Surname, Year)


(Producer Surname & Director Surname, Year)

References:

Producer Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Producer), & Director Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Director). (Year). Title of movie [Format e.g. Motion picture or DVD]. Country where movie was produced: Name of Studio.

Example


(Davidson & Davidson, 1999)


(Davidson & Davidson, 1999)

References:

Davidson, F. (Producer), & Davidson, J. (Director). (1999). B. F. Skinner: A fresh appraisal [Motion picture]. United States: Davidson Films.

Youtube Video

General Format





References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Author screen name. (Year, Month Day {of video post}). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL of specific video

Example


(Norton, 2006)


(Norton, 2006)

References:

Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs

OTHER SOURCES

An Interview

Personal interviews are not included in the reference list because they do not provide recoverable data. Cite them in text only.

General Format


(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day,

Year)


(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day,

Year)

References:

Not included.

Example


(Y. Martel, personal communication, April 15, 2005)


(Y. Martel, personal communication, April 15, 2005)

References:

Not included.

Secondary Sources

Sometimes an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original research report.

In this case, because you did not read the original report, you will include only the source you did consult in your References.

The words “as cited in” in the parenthetical reference indicate you have not read the original research.

General Format


(Author Surname, Year qtd. as cited in Author Surname [of the source you read], Year)


(Author Surname, Year qtd. as cited in Author Surname [of the source you read],

Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial [of the source you read]. (Year). Book title:

Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example


Fong’s 1987 study (as cited in Bertram, 1996) found that older students’ memory can be as good as that of young people, but this depends on how memory is tested.

References:

Do not include Fong (1987) in your References; do include Bertram (1996).

THANK YOU

apa citation style 6th edition

Education

author surname author

author surname of article

author surname of chapter

yearintext citation

text citation quotation

text citation direct

authorseditors surname

apa citation style