APA Citation Style

What is APA Style?

APA is the American Psychological Association

APA style is used by researchers in: Business Education Health Sciences (nursing, medical assisting, etc.) Public Relations Social Sciences (psychology, criminal justice, etc.) And More

APA guidelines help you to: Avoid plagiarism Cite your sources effectively Organize your writing Present yourself professionally in your work

Why Cite Your References?

The purpose of a reference list is to help readers find the sources you used. Therefore, the reference list should be as accurate and complete as possible.

References

Document research. Data must be correct, complete and consistent.Punctuation and element order are vital.Accuracy helps establish your credibility.

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References continued

Each entry on a reference list contains elements required for unique identification, including, at a minimum, author, title, date, & publication information.

When in doubt, provide more information rather than less. For example, volume, issue, edition, document number, etc.

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References continued

To cite a source type not mentioned in the Citing References: APA Style guide http://www.uww.edu/documents/library/apacite.pdf, refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 6th ed.• If the Manual has no specific guidance for your source type, follow the format of the example that is most similar to it. • For clarification, try the APA Style Blog:

http://blog.apastyle.org/

Basic Paper Guidelines

Double-spaced.1” margins on all sides.12-point Times New Roman font.Two spaces after a period at the end of a sentence, but

one space after commas, semicolons, colons, and initials. Do not add spaces to DOIs or URLs.

Unsure? Check the Manual for clarification, more detail, and sample papers.

Begin on a new page at the end of your paper.Title is centered.Title is: References½” (one tab) hanging indentation.Double space (same as with paper text).Entries arranged alphabetically by author last name.

If no author is listed, alphabetize using the first citation element.List works by the same author in chronological order. Do you know how to double-space and do hanging indentation the easy way?

Additional References Page Guidelines

APA, MLA or Turabian?

Berndt, Thomas Jefferson. “Friendship Quality and Social Development.”

Current Directions in Psychological Science 11, no. 1 (2002): 7-10.

Berndt, Thomas Jefferson. “Friendship Quality and Social Development.”

Current Directions in Psychological Science 11.1 (2002) : 7-10. Print.

Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current

Directions in Psychological Science, 11(1), 7-10.

APA

Basics of the Reference Page

What do you need to include?Author namePublication dateSource titleWhere you found it

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Authors

Author’s name should appear as Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. Example:

Salinger, J. D.

If there’s no author put the title of the work before the publication date. Example:

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

Authors (con’t)

Multiple authors? Use the & symbol.Two authors:

Geisel, T. S., & Lewis, S.

Three to seven authors:Salinger, J. D., Geisel, T. S., & Lewis, S. , &

More than seven authors:Dickens, C., Salinger, J. D., Dickinson, E., Geisel, T. S., Lewis, S.,

Stoker, B.,...Stowe, H. B. This is different from the in-text citation rule for the same source

(Dickens et al.)

Titles in References

Notes on formatting:Italicize titles of whole works (books, journals, CDs, etc.).Do not italicize or use quotation marks on titles of parts of works

(chapters, articles, songs, etc.).Only capitalize the first word and proper nouns.

EXCEPTION: Journal titles are capitalized “normally,” i.e. in title case.Book: Hard times.Journal: Dickens QuarterlyArticle in Journal: Green cheese. Canadian Architect.

Books

Moore, L. L., Maye, C., & Collins, E. L. (2011). Advertising and public

relations law. New York, NY: Routledge.

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial., Author Last Name, First

Initial. Middle Initial., & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle initial.

(Publication year). Book title. Publication City, State Abbreviation:

Publisher.

DOI or URL?

With online periodical sources, APA requires inclusion of one of two pieces of information. DOI: A digital object identifier is assigned to a specific article and can usually be

found on the first page of that article. It may also be in the article’s record in the database/webpage where the article was found. Example: doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.05.011

URL: If there is no DOI, use the uniform resource locator for the periodical homepage, NOT the article webpage, database webpage, or article in the database. You can usually do an Internet search for the title of the journal plus the publisher name (if

known) to find the journal homepage. Some databases, like those from EBSCOhost, provide this information or a link to the

publisher. Example: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/maturitas/

JOURNAL ARTICLE: two to seven authors; no DOI; paginated by issue; print

Light, M. A., & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican

immigration in the United States and its implications for local law

enforcement. Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8(1), 73-82.

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial., & Author Last Name, First

Initial. Middle initial. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title,

volume number(issue number), first page-last page.

JOURNAL ARTICLE: two to seven authors; no DOI; paginated by issue; web and/or library database

Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem

mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-

Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from

http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial., & Author Last Name, First Initial.

Middle Initial. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title, volume

number(issue number), first page-last page. Retrieved from journal’s

homepage URL

JOURNAL ARTICLE: two to seven authors; DOI; paginated by volume; print, web, or library database

Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital

status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health

Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial., & Author Last Name, First

Initial. Middle initial. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title,

volume number, first page-last page. doi:digital object identifier

Basics of In-Text Citations

What do you need to include? Author’s last name Publication date Page number (required if quoting, encouraged when paraphrasing)

Put all of this information in parentheses, or within the text of your paper. Examples:

“The moon is made of green cheese” (Dolinger, 2009, p. 99).Dolinger (2009) said, “The moon is made of green cheese” (p. 99).

Formatting

Multiple authors For one or two authors, always list both names connected by the “&” symbol when in parentheses, or

“and” when not. Examples: (Geisel & Lewis) Geisel and Lewis

For 3-5 authors, list all the first time you cite the source. After that, use the first author’s name, followed by “et al.” Example: Salinger, Geisel, and Lewis found that… Salinger et al. stated that…

With 6 or more, just use the first author’s name, followed by et al. Example: Dickens et al. argued…

No author available Use a shortened title in parentheses (start with the first word). Example:

National Library Week is in April (“Library Event Rocks,” 2009) Article title is: Library Event Rocks Whitewater in October

Formatting Titles for In-text Citations

Whole works should be italicizedBooksJournalsCDs

Parts of works should be in “quotation marks”ChaptersJournal articlesSong titles

Parenthetical Citation with Authors

Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and

self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and

adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48.

Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/

article/view/71 /100 

(Sillick & Schutte, 2006, p. 40)

Parenthetical Citation without Author or Page Number

Slingshot fun [Video file]. (2007, January 29). Retrieved from

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCmZYce0J2E 

(Slingshot fun, 2007)

References

Publication manual of the American Psychological

Association (6th ed.). (2010). Washington, DC:

American Psychological Association.

What are Your Questions?

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