Table of Contents

APA General Rules .................................................................................................................... 1 APA Title Page ........................................................................................................................... 1 References: General Rules ........................................................................................................ 2 In-Text Citations: General Rules ................................................................................................ 3 Sections and Headings in a Paper ............................................................................................. 3 Web Sources............................................................................................................................... 4

Web Page: Corporate Author, No Date Web Page: College Web Page: Direct Quote, No Page NumbersWeb Document: PDF ReportGovernment Report Twitter Update or TweetEncyclopedia or Dictionary Entry Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry: No Author Online Forum/Discussion Group Message Blog Post

Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Articles, from Library Databases or Print Sources ............. 5 Journal Article: One Author Journal Article: One Author, with DOI Journal Article: Two Authors Journal Article: Three to Five Authors Journal Article: Six or Seven Authors Journal Article: Eight or More Authors Journal Articles: Two or More Articles Written by Authors with the Same Last NameJournal Articles: Two or More Articles Written by the Same Author in the Same Year.................................. 6Magazine Article Magazine Article: No Author Published Interview: No Title Newspaper Article: Library Database Newspaper Article: No Author, Library Database Newspaper Article: Print Book Review Dissertation/Thesis SWOT Analysis Articles from RxTx Database

Journal, Magazine, Newspaper Articles, from Online Sources ................................................... 7 Journal Article: without DOI Journal Article: with DOI Journal Article: with Author and No Date Journal Abstract: Online Magazine Article Newspaper Article Newspaper Article: No Author Press Release

i

APA6th Edition

APA 6th edition

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Books ......................................................................................................................................... 8 One Author Two Authors Three to Five Authors Six or Seven AuthorsEight or More AuthorsEdited Book Chapter in an Edited Book Corporate, Organization, or Agency as the Author Reference Book Encyclopedia Article Two Books by the Same Author

eBooks ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Electronic Version of a Print Book: DOI Available Electronic Version of a Print Book: No DOI Chapter in an eBook Reference Work: Online, No Author, No Date

Supplementary Material ............................................................................................................. 11 Brochure Government Document Report from a Private Organization Map Poster Presentation PowerPoint Presentation: Posted Online Custom Course Materials: Reprinted from Another Source

Audiovisual Media ......................................................................................................................9

Image: Online, No Author, No Title

Personal Communication.......................................................................................................... 10 Class Lecture Notes Class Handouts .................................................................................................................... 11Lecture Notes: Posted to FanshaweOnline PowerPoint Presentation: Posted to FanshaweOnline

In-Text Citation Examples ......................................................................................................... 12 Short Direct Quote: Two Authors Long Direct Quote: More than 40 Words Paraphrase: More than Six Authors Indirect Source Information Obtained from Two or More Sources Work Designated as Anonymous Online Quote: Page Numbers Unavailable, Use of Paragraph NumberOnline Quote: Page Numbers Unavailable, Use of Heading and Paragraph Number Interview or Other Personal Communication Citation Use

Figures and Tables ............................................................................................................. 13-14

Television Broadcast Television Series, Episode Video Movie YouTube Video .................................................................................................................... 10TED Talk Music Recording Podcast Image: Online, Basic Format Image: Online, No Author Painting in Online Collection Map: Online Datasets

Running head: APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS

July 2019

1

General Rules• APA (American Psychological Association) style is used for some programs in science

disciplines and most programs in social science disciplines.• APA puts an emphasis on a resource’s date of creation.• Times New Roman, size 12 font is used throughout publications (including titles).• Everything is double-spaced (on 8.5 X 11 inch paper).• Margins are 1 inch (2.54 cm) on all sides.• Beginning with the title page, number the pages in the top right corner of each page.• APA uses in-text citations in the body of publications. In addition, it requires a separate

reference page.

APA Title Page

Running head: COLLEGE STUDENT STRESS Shorten the title if it is

over 50 characters 1

Running head instructions:

The words “Running head” appear only on the first page. For the rest of the paper, include just the essay name. The name of the essay is in capitals.

To format running head and numbering: - Use: Insert >Page number >Top of page >Plain number 1.- Click: Different First Page- Type: Name of essay, tab to move page number to right side

College Student Stress

Janice M. Jones

Fanshawe College

Title of paper

Student name

Institution name

Include other course

information as required by instructor

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References Page Guidelines

The references page, located at the end of the paper, identifies all published sources used in the paper.

Style:

• Begin the references list on a new page. Center the title "References" in regular, size 12 font at the topof the page. The header information continues on this page.

• Double space between ALL lines.

• If a reference entry is two or more lines long, use a hanging indent. In Word, go to the home tab and

click on the bottom corner of the Paragraph section and open the Indentation section; go to Special and

select Hanging from the dropdown list.

Authors:

• Alphabetize by last name and include the initial(s) of given name(s): Black, S. E.

• If there is no author, use the editor’s name: Jones, L. C. (Ed.).

• If neither author nor editor is available, use the source title.

• Separate names with commas, and use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name: Maree, J. M.,

Johnson, D. M., & McKenzie, C.S. (For 8 or more authors see example on page 8.)

Dates:

• When no publication date is given, use (n.d.) to indicate no date.

• For online resources, use retrieval dates only when the source material changes over time (e.g. wikis,

and web pages that might be updated frequently).

• For monthly publications, such as magazines, include the month in full: (2016, March); for dailypublications, such as newspapers, include the full date: (2017, May 5).

• For websites, use most recent date unless specified only as a review date.• For websites, do not use a copyright date (© 2019) as the publication date.

Titles:

• For all source titles, including those from books, chapters, and articles, use sentence case (only the

first word of the title, the first word after a colon, and proper nouns (names) are capitalized).• Any referenced items that are part of a larger source (e.g. journal articles, chapters from edited books)

appear non-italicized. Stand-alone and larger works (e.g. authored books, PDF documents, the

names of journals, the names of newspapers) are italicized.

• Note: The exception to the capitalization rule is that the names of periodicals (e.g. journals,

magazines, newspapers) follow title case (each major word is capitalized): Journal of AdvancedPhysics.

Places of Publication:

• Include the city and the state/province abbreviation for publishers in Canada/USA: London, ON;

Boston, MA. Include the city and country for publishers outside of Canada/USA: Sydney, Australia.

DOIs:

• Digital Object Identifiers are a code of letters and numbers that uniquely identifies an object. If it is

available, include it in the reference and be consistent with the format.• Examples: https://doi.org/10.1037/arc0000014 (preferred), doi:10.1037/arc0000014 and

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/arc0000014

APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS 2

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Publishers:

• Give the publisher's name in brief, without corporate terms such as Inc., Ltd., Co. or Publishers.• However, retain the words Books and Press.• If the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher (see

Brochure example on page 11).

• If paragraph numbers are visible, use only the abbreviation “para.” and the number.

• If there are no visible paragraph numbers and the document has headings, cite the closest heading and the

paragraph number counted from the heading: (London Health Sciences Foundation, 2018, New Equipmentfor Cancer Testing, para. 2).

• If the section heading is very long, you can shorten it to the first few words and put it in quotation marks. For

example, the title “Impact of Fluoride on School-Aged Children in Rural Northern Ontario” can be shortened

in the citation: (Smith, 2018, “Impact of Fluoride,” para. 4).

• If there aren’t any headings, just use (author, year, para. #) and count the paragraphs from the main title.

Short quotes: Direct quotes shorter than 40 words are embedded in your text; use quotation marks.

Long quotes: Direct quotes longer than 40 words do not use quotation marks. They are placed in an indented,

double-spaced, block of text (see page 12).

Authors:

• No author: Use an abbreviated version of the work’s title in quotations: (“Ipperwash,” 2015).

• 2 authors: Use an ampersand (&) to join two authors (Kim & Jones, 2018).• 3-5 authors: Include all authors in first in-text citation, then use the first author et al. for subsequent

citations: (Jones et al., 2014).

• 6 or more authors: Always use the first author et al. (Kim et al., 2018).

Dates: If no date is present, use n.d.: (Black, n.d.).

Personal Communication (Interviews/Emails/Letters etc.): Personal communications, such as emails, memos

and interviews are not included in the reference page because they are not retrievable. However, clearly identify these sources in the body of the paper (see page 12).

Sections and Headings in a Paper

Section Titles in a Paper: All standard sections of a paper including the abstract, author’s note, title of your paper, references, and appendices are centered and written in regular, title case font (see title example on page 1).Headings in a Paper: Headings are used to further organize a paper. Each heading has a different style to show the paper’s structure. There are 5 levels of heading styles in APA. Begin with the first level and use other levels to subdivide your topic, if needed (see examples below).

3 3 APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS

In-Text Citation GuidelinesEach use of source information within a paper requires an in-text citation: (author, year) or (author, year, p.#). All direct quotes (word for word) and paraphrases (ideas put into your own words) must be cited.

Paraphrased information: Only the author and year, (Blau, 2014), are necessary for paraphrased citations

although the use of page numbers, (Blau, 2014, p.14), is encouraged. Note: The author and year can also be incorporated into your sentences instead of in parentheses (brackets): "In 2014, Blau argued that..."

Direct quotations: Cite the author, year, and page number(s): (Blau, 2014, p.14). Use p. for a single page

number and pp. for multiple page numbers (if quote continues onto a second page).

Direct quotes from electronic sources without page numbers:

Winter Sports

Skiing 3: Indented, Bold, Sentence Case, Period

Downhill Skiing. Slalom.

4. Indented, Bold, Italics, Sentence Case, Period

5. Indented, Italics, Sentence Case, Period

* Heading types 1-2: paragraph begins on line below, indented.* Heading types 3-5: paragraph begins on same line as heading.

Olympic Sports 1: Centered, Bold, Title Case

2: Flush-left, Bold, Title Case

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4 APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS

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WEB SOURCESWeb Page: Corporate Author, No DateNote: In the reference, include retrieval date only if you think content could change over time. Note: In the citation, include an acronym in square brackets if there are subsequent citations from same source. Use only the acronym in subsequent citations

Authoring agency/author use n.d. if no date listed

Title of web page

Canadian Nurses Association. (n.d.). The practice of nursing. Retrieved September7, 2018 from https://www.cna-aiic.ca/en/nursing-practice/the-practice-of-nursing

First in-text citation: (Canadian Nurses Association [CNA], n.d.) Subsequent citations: (CNA, n.d.)

Web Page: CollegeNote: The department follows the comma after the main institution.

Web Page: Direct Quote, No Page Numbers

Note: Use a subheading (if available) and paragraph number for a direct quotation.

London Health Sciences Foundation. (2018). Donors fuel cancer research breakthroughs and fund new equipment. Retrieved from https://lhsf.ca/news/donors-fuel- cancer-research-breakthroughs-and-fund-new-equipment

In-text citation (paraphrase): (London Health Sciences Foundation, 2018) In-text citation (direct quote): (London Health Sciences Foundation, 2018, New

Equipment for Cancer Testing, para. 2)

Web Document: PDF Report Note: For reports (both online and in print), use italics for the title.

DelValle, T. B. (2016). Gardening in raised beds. Retrieved fromhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP47200.pdf

In-text citation: (DelValle, 2016)

Government Report Note: Add the catalogue or publication number if given.

Canada, Fisheries and Oceans. (2015). Angler’s guide 2015-2016 (Cat. No. Fs111- 1/2015E). Retrieved from http://www.nfl.dfo- mpo.gc.ca/NL/AG/anglersguide

In-text citation: (Canada, Fisheries & Oceans, 2015)

Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry Note: Cite the home page of the reference work.

Herrero, S. (2015). Bear attacks. In The Canadian encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en

In-text citation: (Herrero, 2015) Encyclopedia or Dictionary Entry: No Author Note: Use quotation marks for title in the in-text citation.

Dyslexia. (2017). In Cambridge dictionary. Retrieved from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/

In-text citation: (“Dyslexia,” 2017)

Online Forum/Discussion Group message Note: Use the author’s name or screen name.

ant. (2015, April 27). The religion of climate change [Online forum comment].Retrieved from http://www.booktalk.org/the-religion-of- climate-change- t19593.html

In-text citation: (ant, 2015)

Blog Post Allen, T. (2015, May 7). Leaving your comfort zone is not something to avoid[Blog post]. Retrieved from http://tomsbiketrip.com/two- mountain-bike-bothy-adventures-across-the-scottish-highlands/

In-text citation: (Allen, 2015)

Date accessed

Trudeau, J. [JustinTrudeau]. (2018, October 18). On this day in 1929, Canadian women were finally recognized as “persons” under the law. Today, we pay tribute to the Famous Five, whose fight for equality helped women take their rightful place in our democracy [Tweet]. Retrieved from https:// twitter.com/JustinTrudeau/status/1052893242172301312

In-text citation: (Trudeau, 2018)

Twitter Update or Tweet Note: Provide the user’s real name, if known, before the screen name in square brackets. If only the screen name is known, provide it without brackets.

Fanshawe College, Admissions. (n.d.). Tuition & fees. Retrieved August 30, 2018, from http://www.fanshawec.ca/admissions/tuition-fees

In-text citation: (Fanshawe College, Admissions, n.d.)

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APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS 5

JOURNAL, MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER ARTICLES - Library Databases/Print

Use this format for articles from Library Databases or Print Journals/Newspapers

If the periodical uses continuous pagination throughout a particular volume, list only the volume number,not the issue number. If each issue begins with page 1, list the issue number as well.

Articles from Library Databases: it is not necessary to include the “retrieved from URL” information,although it is not incorrect to do so. If available, include DOI (Digital Object Identifier).

Journal Article: 1 Author Last name First initial Publication year Journal name

Blau, J. (2015). Fusing Europe's energy research. Research Technology Management, 58(1), 4-6.

Include a page number for direct quotations; it is optional for paraphrases.

In-text citation: (Blau, 2015, p. 5) Journal Article: DOI

Note: If available, include Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

Kazantsev, E. (2013). Optimal boundary conditions for ORCA-2 model. Ocean Dynamics, 63(8), 943-959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-013-0639-8

In-text citation: (Kazantsev, 2013)

Journal Article: 2 Authors Hutson, H., & Schaffer, R. H. (2015). Achievement learning. Journal of Distance Education, 8(4), 45-51.

In-text citation: (Hutson & Schaffer, 2015)

Journal Article: 3 to 5 Authors van Tonder, D. M., Fourie, C. S., & Maree, J. M. (2016). Development of asolar desalination plant. South African Journal of Geology, 119(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.119.1.39

First in-text citation: (van Tonder, Fourie, & Maree, 2016) Subsequent citations: (van Tonder et al., 2016)

Journal Article: 6 or 7 Authors Note: The reference includes all authors; the in-text citation only includes the first author et al.

Allen, M., Fardo, F., Dietz, M. J., Hillebrandt, H., Friston, K. J., Rees, G., & Roepstorff, A. (2016). Anterior insula coordinates hierarchical processing of tactilemismatch responses. NeuroImage, 127, 34-43.

In-text citation: (Allen et al., 2016) Example without issue number

Journal Article: 8 or More Authors Note: The reference includes the first 6 authors, followed by 3 dots, then the last author’s name; the in-text citation only includes the first author et al.

Pfeufer, A., van Noord, C., Marciante, K. D., Arking, D. E., Larson, M. G., Smith, A. V., . . . Heckbert, S. R. (2010). Genome-wide association study of PR interval. Nature Genetics, 42(2), 153-159.

In-text citation: (Pfeufer et al., 2009)

Journal Article: 2 or More Articles Written by Authors With the Same Last Name Note: Include the first initial of the first author in each source in the in-text citations; reference format stays the same.

Article title (sentence case) PagesIssue

No. (if present)

Vol. No. in italics (if present)

Kim, H. & Smith, R. (2016). Industrial Development. Journal of Industry, 5(4), 30-38.

Kim, J. & Lee, J. (2014). Optimal operation of green campus based on demand response. International Journal of Control & Automation, 7(12), 415-424.

In-text citations: (H. Kim & Smith, 2016) and (J. Kim & Lee, 2014)

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APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS 6

Magazine Article Muhlke, C. (2015, April). Working lunch. Bon Appetit, 60(4), 68.

In-text citation: (Muhlke, 2015)

Magazine Article: No Author Note: Use a capitalized title in quotation marks for the in-text citation.

Your top shots. (2017, March). Backpacker, 45(2), 78-88.

In-text citation: (“Your Top Shots,” 2017, p. 80)

Published Interview: No Title Note: Create a descriptive title in square brackets.

Lamrani, S. (2014). [Interview with Eusebio Leal Spengler]. International Journal of Cuban Studies, 6(2), 127-136.

In-text citation: (Lamrani, 2014)

Newspaper Article: Library Database

Nahwegahbow, B. (2015, April). First Nations rally against anti-terrorism legislation. Windspeaker, 33(1), 7.

In-text citation: (Nahwegahbow, 2015)

Newspaper Article: No Author, Library database Note: The in-text citation uses quotation marks around shortened title.

Ipperwash barrier symbol of tensions. (2015, May 22). London Community News, 1.

In-text citation: (“Ipperwash,” 2015)

Newspaper Article: Print Warmington, J. (2012, January 30). Guilty as charged. The London Free Press, p. A1.

In-text citation: (Warmington, 2012)

Book Review Merkel, J. (2015). Father and son, together and apart [Review of the book Saarinen Houses]. Architectural Record, 203(4), 38.

In-text citation: (Merkel, 2015)

Dissertation/Thesis Huang, S. (2006). The effects of music on cancer pain (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source. (Order No. 3239633)

In-text citation: (Huang, 2006)

SWOT Analysis MarketLine (2017, January 9). Marathon Oil Corporation SWOT Analysis,1-9.

In-text citation: (MarketLine, 2017)

Article from RxTx Database

Note: The URL is for the database’s home search page.

McCormack, D. G. (2016). Asthma in adults. In Canadian Pharmacists Association, RxTx. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from https://www.e- therapeutics.ca/search

In-text citation: (McCormack, 2016)

Journal Article: 2 or More Articles Written by the Same Author in the Same Year

Note: Add "a" and "b" after the date based on the first initial of the article title.

Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes and changes over time in prosocial intentions and behavior between friends. Developmental Psychology, 17, 408-416.

In-text citation: (Berndt, 1981a) In-text citation: (Berndt, 1981b)

Berndt, T. J. (1981b). Effects of friendship on prosocial intentions and behavior. Child Development, 52, 636-643.

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7 APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS

.JOURNAL, MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER ARTICLES - from Online Sources

Use this format for articles from Online Sources other than Library databases.

Use the same rules as for articles from Library databases (see above), but also include retrievalinformation: Retrieved from http://www.etc or DOI

Include DOI (Digital Object Identifier) when available. You do not need a URL if you have a DOI.

Journal Article: Online without DOI

Majka, C. (2010). Insects attracted to maple sap: Observations from Prince Edward Island, Canada. ZooKeys, 51, 73-83. Retrieved from http://www.pensoft.net/

In-text citation: (Majka, 2010, p. 75)

Journal Article: Online with DOI

Gayner, C., & Kar, K. K. (2016). Recent advances in thermoelectric materials. Progress in Materials Science, 83, 330-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.07.002

In-text citation: (Gayner & Kar, 2016, p. 360)

Journal Article: Online with Author and No Date

Simmons, B. (n.d.). Using technology. Journal of Distance Education. Retrieved from http://www.JDE.com/technologies.on.ca

In-text citation: (Simmons, n.d.)

Journal Abstract: Online

Note: Use when full text is not available.

Beuthe, M. (2015). Tides on Europa: The membrane paradigm. Icarus, 248, 109- 134. Abstract retrieved from Astronomy Abstract Service athttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.htm

In-text citation: (Beuthe, 2015)

Magazine Article: Online

Note: Give the URL of the magazine’s home page.

Zimmerman, T. (2015, May). Can captive dolphins be returned to the wild? National Geographic. Retrieved from http://www.nationalgeographic.com

In-text citation: (Zimmerman, 2015)

Newspaper Article: Online Note: Give the URL of the newspaper’s home page.

Davidson, J. R. (2015, May 20). How sleep plays a role in depression (and vice versa). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com

In-text citation: (Davidson, 2015)

Newspaper Article: Online, No Author Note: The citation uses quotation marks around shortened title.

Philippines seeks ‘stronger commitment’ from U.S. in South China Sea dispute. (2015, May 25). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com

In-text citation: (“Philippines,” 2015)

Press Release

Note: The period comes after the square brackets describing the title, not in between the two.

Bombardier. (2017, February 3). Bombardier Global Aircraft surpass 2,500 takeoffs and landings in Aspen [Press release]. Retrieved from http://ir.bombardier.com/en/press-releases/press-releases/67410-bombardier- global-aircraft-surpass-2-500-takeoffs-and-landings-in-aspen

In-text citation: (Bombardier, 2017)

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APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS 8

BOOKS - In-text citations: Include page numbers for direct quotes “ ”

1 Author Last Name Initials Year of Title of Book Edition (if present) Place of Publication Publication

Mason, K.A. (2014). Biology fundamentals: Exploring life (10th ed.). New York,

NY: McGraw-Hill.

Publisher

In-text citation: (Mason, 2014, pp. 25-26) Include page number(s) for direct quote

2 Authors Note: Include the full name of a country outside North America.

Norman, A. W., & Henry, H. L. (2015). Hormones (3rd ed.). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Academic Press.

In-text citation: (Norman & Henry, 2015) 3 to 5 Authors Note: Include all authors in the reference and for first in-text citation; in subsequent citations, use the first author’s last name followed by et al.

Crossan, M., Rouse, M., Fry, J., & Killing, J. P. (2013). Strategic analysis and action (8th ed.). Toronto, ON: Pearson.

First in-text citation: (Crossan, Rouse, Fry, & Killing, 2013, p. 32) Subsequent in-text citations: (Crossan et al., 2013)

6 or 7 Authors Note: Include all authors in the reference. Use the first author's last name followed by et al. for all in-text citations.

Barash, P. G., Cullen, B. F., Stoelting, R. K., Cahalan, M. K., Stock, M. C., & Ortega, R. (2013). Clinical anesthesia (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

In-text citation: (Barash et al., 2013) 8 or More Authors Note: The reference includes the first 6 authors, followed by 3 dots, then the last author’s name; the in-text citation only includes the first author's last name et al.

Hong W. K., Bast, R. C., Hait, W. N., Kufe, D. W., Pollock, R. E. Weichselbaum, R. R., … Frei, E. (2010). Cancer medicine. Shelton, CN: People’s Medical Publishing House.

In-text citation: (Hong et al., 2010)

Edited Book Thompson, T. (Ed.). (2015). Genetically modified food. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.

In-text citation: (Thompson, 2015) Chapter in an Edited Book Note: Only the first word of the chapter title and the first word of the book title are capitalized.

Hall, M. (2014). Elder abuse. In P. Davies (Ed.), Invisible crimes and social harms (pp. 102-122). Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan.

In-text citation: (Hall, 2014)

Corporate, Organization, or Agency Author

Type Directors Club. (2014). Typography 35. New York, NY: Harper Design. In-text citation: (Type Directors Club, 2014)

Reference Book Note: If present, put the edition and volume information in brackets

Bryan, A. C. (Ed.). (2014). Magill’s medical guide (7th ed., Vols. 1-5). Ipswich, MA: Salem Press.

In-text citation: (Bryan, 2014)

Encyclopedia Article Ross, E. W. (2014). Noam Chomsky. In the Encyclopedia of educational theory and philosophy (Vol. 1, pp. 127-128). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.

In-text citation: (Ross, 2014) Two Books by the Same Author Note: Order entries by publication date from oldest to most recent.

Johnson, S. (2007). Microsoft Expression Web. New York, NY: Que.

Johnson, S. (2013). Adobe Illustrator CC. New York, NY: Que.

In-text citations: (Johnson, 2007) (Johnson, 2013)

Note: Use pp. in your in-text citation to represent a quote that spans 2 or more pages.

July 2019

APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS 9

eBOOKS - Use same format as for books, but include retrieval information instead of publisher information.

Electronic Version of a Print Book: DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Given, Accessed with e-Reader

Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe Digital Editions version]. doi: 10.1036/0071393722

In-text citation: (Schiraldi, 2001)

Electronic Version of a Print Book: No DOI Note: Use the URL of the home page of the eBook database.

Menn, L., & Dronkers, N. (2017). Psycholinguistics: Introduction and applications. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezpxy.fanshawec.ca/ehost/basic?

In-text citation: (Menn & Dronkers, 2017)

Chapter in an eBook

Note: Use the URL of the home page of the eBook database.

Reference Work Online: No Author, No Date

Note: Use the URL of the home page of the reference work.

Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/

In-text citation: (“Heuristic,” n.d.)

AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA

For physical items, use the general format: Contributor (Function). (year/date). Title [Medium]. Location:Studio or distributor.

For resources retrieved online, use the general format: Contributor (Function). (year/date). Title [Medium].Retrieved from http://www.etc

Television Broadcast Note: The period comes after the square bracket description of the title.

Mansbridge, P. (Chief Correspondent). (2015, June 9). The National [Television broadcast]. Toronto, ON: CBC News.

In-text citation: (Mansbridge, 2015)

Television Series Episode Palfreman, J. (Director). (2010). The vaccine war [Television series episode]. In M. R.

Sullivan (Producer), Frontline. Boston, MA: Central Broadcasting Service.

In-text citation: (Palfreman, 2010) VideoNote: Include a time stamp (hours:minutes:seconds) when citing a direct quote for audio/visual material.

Movie

Note: If available, include producer(s) and director(s).

Nishimura, Y., Suzuki, T., Ujiie, S. (Producers), & Takahata, I. (Director). (2013). The tale of the Princess Kaguya [Animated motion picture]. Japan: Studio Ghibli.

First in-text citation: (Nishimura, Suzuki, Ujiie, & Takahata, 2013) Subsequent citations: (Nishimura et al., 2013)

Movie Note: The same person is the director and producer.

Sachs, L. (Director and Producer). (2013). Your day is my night [Hybrid documentary]. New York, NY: Argot Pictures.

In-text citation: (Sachs, 2013)

Westera, D. (Producer), & Downy, D. (Director). (2013). Spirituality in health care [DVD]. St. John’s, NL: School of Nursing, Memorial University.

In-text citation (paraphrase): (Westera & Downy, 2013)In-text citation (direct quote): (Westera & Downy, 2013, 32:17)

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Beidler, P. (2009). Fear itself. In K. Bernheimer (Ed.), Fairy tale review: The white issue (pp. 19-30). Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/

In-text citation: (Beidler, 2009)

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APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS

10

TED Talk Note: The speaker of a TED talk is used as the author.

Roy, D. (2016, March). Deb Roy: The birth of a word [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/deb_roy_the_birth_of_a_word

In-text citation: (Roy, 2016)

Music Recording Note: The album name is in italics.

Coldplay. (2014). A sky full of stars. On Ghost stories [CD]. London, UK: Parlophone Records.

In-text citation: (Coldplay, 2014)

Podcast Carlin, D. (2015, May 5). Blueprint for Armageddon VI [Audio podcast]. In Hardcore History 55. Retrieved from http://www.dancarlin.com/

In-text citation: (Carlin, 2015)

Image: Online, Basic Format Eastland, J. (Photographer). (2012). Just after sunset [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset#/media/File:Burning_Yellow_Sunset.jpg

In-text citation: (Eastland, 2012)

Image: Online, No Author Japanese geisha [Photograph]. (2012). Retrieved from http://thebookboy.co.uk/memoirs-of-a-geisha-arthur-golden-review/

In-text citation: (“Japanese Geisha,” 2012)

YouTube Video Note: The author is who posted the video.

UNICEF. (2015, April 23). Little children. Big dreams [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIHucfatYpM

In-text citation: (UNICEF, 2015)

Image: Online, No Author, No Title Note: Use a brief description of the image for the title and a full date if it is a news article.

[Untitled photograph of baby chimpanzee]. (2015, May 6). Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/US/baby-chimp-keeva-surrogate-mother-biological- mom-properly/story?id=30860166

In-text citation: (“Baby Chimpanzee,” 2015)

Painting in Online Collection Note: Use the URL for the home page of the collection.

Renoir, P. A. (1876). La Promenade [Oil on canvas]. Retrieved from http://www.frick.org/collection/areas_collection

In-text citation: (Renoir, 1876)

Map: Online City of London. (2013). Bike and walk map [Electronic map]. Retrieved from https://www.london.ca/Pages/Default.aspx

In-text citation: (City of London, 2013)

Datasets Canada, Statistics Canada. (2019). Tourism gross domestic product, constant prices (Table 36100234) [Data set]. Retrieved from https://open.canada.ca/data/en/ dataset/46a9b257-45e8-4d6a-abe0-dfc40f1e8f3e

In-text citation: (Canada, Statistics Canada, 2019)

PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Class Lecture NotesIn a sentence: In a HLTH-3026 lecture on May 3, 2015, Professor Jones stated that…

In parentheses: (B. Jones, personal communication, May 3, 2015)

Personal communication is cited in-text only because the reader cannot retrieve it. Do not includepersonal communication (unpublished interviews, emails, conversations) in a references list.

Incorporate personal communication sources into sentences and/or use parentheses. Material from course management software (like FOL) is cited as personal communication unless your

primary reader is your professor who has access to the course material. In this case, treat it as aretrievable source and include it in your references (see Supplementary Material).

APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS

11

In a sentence: In a HLTH-3025 class handout on May 6, 2018, Professor Gray argued...

(Course Management Software)

In a sentence: In a HLTH-3025 class document posted to FanshaweOnline on May 6, 2018, Professor Gray demonstrated...

In parentheses: (C. Gray, personal communication, May 6, 2018)

In a sentence: In a PowerPoint document posted to FanshaweOnline on May 6, 2018, Professor Gray illustrated...

In parentheses: (C. Gray, personal communication, PowerPoint slides, May 6, 2018)(Course Management Software)

ATERIAL

BrochureNote: This brochure is published by the author.

Farish, M. (2014). A regional geography of Canada [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://www.k12studycanada.org/resources_pps.html

In-text citation: (Farish, 2014)Previously published work: Use the citation information in the course pack to cite it as the original source.

Original material: Cite this as an anthology compiled by the professor and published by the institution. Example:Smith, J. (2018). The danger of isolationism. In M. Jones (Comp.), Selected readings in

gender and inequality (pp.24-34). London, ON: Fanshawe College.

July 2019 Document created in collaboration with the Learning Centre

Class HandoutsIn parentheses: (C. Gray, personal communication, May 6, 2018)

Lecture Notes: Posted to FanshaweOnline

PowerPoint Presentation:Posted to FanshaweOnline

Library and Media Services. (2015). Outreach services [Brochure]. London, ON: Author.

In-text citation: (Library & Media Services, 2015)

Government DocumentNote: Use the full agency name only in the first in-text citation.

Environment and Natural Resources. (2010). Severe storms: What to do (Cat. No.: PS472/2011E-PDF). Ottawa, ON: Public Safety Canada.

First in-text citation: (Environment & Natural Resources [ENR], 2010)Subsequent citations: (ENR, 2010)

Report from a Private OrganizationNote: Use the word "author" if the publisher is the same as the author.

Wildlife Habitat Canada. (2014). 2013-2014 Annual report. Ottawa, ON: Author.

First in-text citation: Wildlife Habitat Canada [WHC], 2014)Subsequent citations: (WHC, 2014)

MapLondon Transit Commission. (2013). 2013/2014 London transit ride guide [Map].

(1:25,000). Toronto, ON: mapmobility.comFirst in-text citation: (London Transit Commission [LTC], 2013) Subsequent citations: (LTC, 2013)

Poster PresentationNote: Include the year and month of the event.

Sevenpifer, D. (2015, March). Teaching, learning and research guide for faculty. Poster session presented at the Research & Innovation Day of Fansahwe College, London, ON.

In-text citation: (Sevenpifer, 2015)

PowerPoint Presentation: Posted Online

Custom Course Materials:Reprinted From Another Source/ Original Material

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12 APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS

IN-TEXT CITATION EXAMPLES Short Direct Quote: 2 AuthorsNote: The punctuation comes after the in-text citation.

In their provocative analysis of the region, Henderson and Jones (2014) suggest “peace is crumbling” (p. 203).

Long Direct Quote: More than 40 Words

Note: Use a free standing block of double-spaced text and omit quotation marks. The punctuation goes immediately after the quote (before any in-text citations).

Smith (2014) reveals school

is one of the most essential forms of socializing children. It shows how to

effectively share, cooperate, and communicate with their fellow peers. Without

school, children would be left to develop such skills without the advantage of

having friends to experience such trials and tribulations with. (p. 244)

Paraphrase: More than 6 Authors

Pfeufer et al. (2010) determined there is a significant correlation between the electrocardiographic PR interval and atrial disease.

Indirect SourceNote: Place only the secondary source in the reference list: (Smith).

Information Obtained from 2 or More SourcesNote: Arrange alphabetically; use semi-colons to separate sources.

Global warming is negatively impacting polar bears (Brown, Rickert, & Jones, 2016; Davis & Taylor, 2014; MacKenzie, 2015).

A Work Designated as Anonymous (Anonymous, 2012)

Online Quote: No Available Page Numbers, No Headings (Simmons, 2015, para. 5)

Online Quote: Headings, But No Available Page Numbers Note: Use the heading and count the paragraphs from the heading to determine a paragraph number.

Green energy is the only way to reduce humanity's carbon footprint (Williams, 2014, Conclusion, para. 1).

Interview or Other Personal Communication

Note: Incorporate citation information in your sentence and/or in parentheses as best fits your writing.

In-text citation incorporated in both the sentence and parentheses: When asked about the situation regarding cars parking in bicycle lanes, Councilor J. R. Roberts (personal communication, November 21, 2016) stated that drivereducation was of key importance.In-text citation incorporated in only parentheses: City representatives agree that driver education is needed to ensure proper use of bicycle lanes (J. R. Roberts, personal communication, November 21, 2016).

para. stands for paragraph

Note: The date must follow the authors' names if the names are used in the sentence.

Jackson indicates that children need supportive networks at home and school (as cited in Smith, 2014, p. 89). Note: Smith wrote about Jackson's idea in his book. Use "as cited in" to indicate the source in which you found Jackson's idea so that others can also look it up.

Citation Use

Note: the date must follow the author if the author is used as part of a sentence and the page number must follow a direct quote.

Note: If you include information as part of your sentence, you don't need it in parentheses.

Example 1: Smith (2015) argued that self-regulation is linked to higher educational outcomes.

Example 2: In his 2015 study, Smith argued that self-regulation is linked to higher educational outcomes.

Example 3: Self-regulation is linked to higher educational outcomes (Smith, 2015).Example 4: Smith (2015) proved that "children who practice self-regulation score

higher on standardized tests" (p. 35). Example 5: In addition, a study indicates that "children who practice self- regulation score higher on standardized tests" (Smith, 2015, p. 35).

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13 APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS Figure Citation Guidelines

• Figures include, but are not limited to, graphs, scatter plots, info-graphics, maps, drawings, photographs andany other illustration or non-textual depiction. Include figures only if they are necessary to illustrate or clarifythe text.

• Figures are numbered consecutively as they occur in the paper.• If a paper contains both figures and tables, number them separately (e.g. Figure 1, Table 1).• Figures must be referred to in the text by number (see Figure 1).• A figure should be fully understandable apart from the text. Therefore, all elements should be clearly labeled,

and any labels should be defined in a key or legend that appears within the figure or in the caption.• The word Figure, its number and a period are italicized and appear below the figure.• After the figure number, include the following information: a concise description of the figure,

spelled-out versions of any abbreviations, and any other information needed to understand the figure.• If the figure is adapted or reprinted from another source, also include a copyright statement.• If the source is a report found online, it would include the following information: From [or Adapted from] Title

of Work (p.#), by Author, year (http://url.com). Copyright year by Copyright Holder. Reprinted [or adapted] withpermission.

• Figures reprinted or adapted from other sources must be included in the references list.• Don't include "Reprinted [or adapted] with permission" if you haven't asked permission. For information on

copyright see Fanshawe's Copyright for Student's web page: http://www.fanshawelibrary.com/copyright- guide/fair-dealing-for-students/

• As noted above, a copyright statement is included if a figure is taken from another source. For detailedexamples, read this article on the APA Style Blog: https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/01/navigating-

copyright-part-4.html

Example of a Figure Reprinted Directly from Another Source:

Figure 1. Age-standardized death rates for non-communicable diseases in Botswana: 2000-2012. From Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2014 (p. 36), by the World Health Organization, 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/128038/9789241507509_eng.pdf). Copyright 2014 by the World Health Organization.

Full Citation for References Page:World Health Organization. (2014). Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2014. Retrieved from

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/128038/9789241507509_eng.pdf

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14

Example of a Table Copied Directly from Another Source:Table 1Correlation Among Student Grit, Peer Grit, and Literacy Achievement in Addition to the Control Variables of Age, Gender, and Primary Home Language

Note. From "Individual Versus Peer Grit: Influence on Later Individual Literacy Achievement of Dual Language Learners," by C. R. O'Neal, 2018, School Psychology Quarterly, 33, p. 116. Copyright 2018 by the American Psychological Association.

Full Citation for References Page:O'Neal, C. R. (2018). Individual versus peer grit: Influence on later individual literacy achievement of dual language

learners. School Psychology Quarterly, 33(1), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000212

APA REFERENCES & CITATIONS

Table Citation Guidelines• Tables are used to simplify text and are characterized by a row-column structure, generally containing

data. Include tables only if they are relevant and necessary to illustrate or clarify the text.• Tables are numbered consecutively as they occur in the paper.• If a paper contains both figures and tables, number them separately (e.g. Figure 1, Table 1).• Tables must be referred to in the text by number (see Table 1).• The word Table and its number appear above the table: Table 1.• Place a concise title, capitalized and in italics, that explains the contents beneath the table number. For

example, Number of Trials Contributing to the Averages Used in ERP Analysis.

• Include any information needed to understand a table, such as spelled-out versions of abbreviations,below the table in a note.

• If the table is adapted or reprinted from another source, also include a copyright statement. If the sourceis a journal article, it would include the following information: From [or Adapted from] “Title of Article,” byA. N. Author, year, Title of Journal, Volume, p.#. Copyright year by Name of Copyright Holder. Reprinted[or Adapted] with permission.

• Tables reprinted or adapted from other sources must be included in the references list.• Don't include "Reprinted [or adapted] with permission" if you haven't asked permission. For

information on copyright see Fanshawe's Copyright for Student's web page: http://www.fanshawelibrary.com/copyright-guide/fair-dealing-for-students/

• As noted above, a copyright statement is included if a table is taken from another source. For detailedexamples, read this article on the APA Style Blog: https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/01/navigating-copyright-part-4.html