AP WORLD HISTORY: SETTING THE STAGE ALL OF AP WORLD HISTORY IS A STAGE… LET’s MEET THE PLAYERS

MIDDLE EAST

EAST ASIA

EUROPE

AFRICA

SOUTH ASIA

LATIN AMER.

NORTH AMER

OCEANIA

S.E. ASIA

SUMERIAN EMPIRE (3000-1700 BCE)

CHAVIN EMPIRE (900-200 BCE)

INDUS RIVER VALLEY (3300-1900 BCE)

YELLOW RIVER VALLEY

(4000-2000 BCE)

PAPA NEW GUINEA

(7000 BCE-?)

HITTITE EMPIRE (1600-1200 BCE)

BABYLON EMPIRE

(1800-1500 BCE)

EGYPTIAN EMPIRE (3000-1000 BCE)

ASSYRIAN EMPIRE (2500-600 BCE)

Greeks: 600-146 BCE Roman Republics: 509-27 Roman Empire: 27 CE-476

Achaemenid: 550-330 BCE Parthian: 247 BCE-224 CE Sasanian: 224 CE-651 CE

HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS (323 BCE-30 BCE)

Qin: 221 BCE-206 BCE Han: 220 BCE-280 CE

Mauryan: 322 BCE-185 BCE Guptan: 400 CE- 600 CE

PHOENICIAN EMPIRE (1200-539 BCE)

SWAHILI CULTURE (200 CE-)

MAYANS: 2000 BCE-250 CE

Sui: 581-618 Yuan: 1272-1368 Tang: 618-907 Ming:1368-1644 Song: 960-1279

Umayyad: 622-750 Abbasid: 750-1258

Cordoba: 929-1031

1206-1526

VIKINGS: 750-1050

POLYNESIAN MIGRATIONS (300 CE-1300 CE)

TOLTECS (800-1000 CE)

SAFAVID EMPIRE (1501-1736 CE)

ITALIAN CITY STATES

U.S.S.R. (1917-1991)

GERMAN EMPIRE (1871-1919 CE)

BRITISH EGYPT (1882-1953 CE)

SIAM (THAILAND) (1782 CE-1932 CE)

CHEROKEE NATION (1794 CE-1907 CE)

COMMUNIST CHINA (1949-PRESENT)

REPUBLIC OF INDIA (1950-PRESENT)

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN

(1950-PRESENT)

REPUBLIC of GHANA (1957-PRESENT)

VIETNAM (1976-PRESENT)

ISRAEL (1948-PRESENT)

REPUBLIC of GHANA (1957-PRESENT)

RWANDAN GENOCIDE (94)

CAMBODIAN GENOCIDE

KEY CONCEPT 3.1: EXPANSION & INTENSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION & EXCHANGE NETWORKS

IMPORTANCE/USE OF TRADE ROUTES FROM 2.3 GREW EXPONENTIALLY WITH MASSIVE EFFECTS ON THE EARTH

CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFUSION

DIASPORA

NEW CROPS IN NEW AREAS

DISEASE

BIG FOUR TRADE ROUTES…

…LED TO POWERFUL NEW TRADING CITIES

Silk Road-Trans Saharan-Mediterranean-Indian Ocean

TRADE

Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili, Huangzhou, Calicut, Baghdad, Melaka, Venice, (Tenochtitlan, Cahokia)

(**Notice the location of these cities along the trade routes. **)

(*The two American Cities are built along new American routes. *) NEW LUXURY GOODS SPREAD ALONG THESE ROUTES SILK COTTON PORCELAIN SPICES

GEMS SLAVES EXOTIC ANIMALS

NEW COMMERCIAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD: CARAVANSERAI (Roadside Inns) CAMEL SADDLES (Saddles for Camels) NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD: COMPASS (from CHINA) ASTROLABE (from Hellenistic world) LARGER SHIP DESIGNS NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECH. AIDED THIS SPREAD: COMPASS (from CHINA) ASTROLABE (from Hellenistic world) LARGER SHIP DESIGNS NEW ECONOMIC TOOLS FACILITATED THIS SPREAD: BILLS OF EXCHANGE CREDIT/CHECKS/BANKS GOVERNMENT COINS/PAPER MONEY TRADING ORGANIZATIONS (Hanseatic League) GOVERNMENT COMMERCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

o GRAND CANAL (see MAP in CHINA) All of this is EXPEDITED by the SPREAD of LARGE EMPIRES

CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGES

ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE & TECHNOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

VIKING LONGSHIPS

ARAB/BERBER CAMELS

CENTRAL ASIAN HORSES

MIGRATIONS BANTU MIGRATIONS

POLYNESIAN MIGRATIONS

LANGUAGES

BANTU (SWAHILI)

TURKIC

ARABIC

ISLAM

INTER-REGIONAL TRAVELLERS

MARO POLO

IBN BATTUTA

XUANZANG

• Based on revelations to MUHAMMAD o Think of it as Judaism 3.0 o Mix of Judaism, Christianity, &

Zoroastrianism with the Arab people of Arabian Peninsula

Spread: Militarily & via Trade

People living away from their HOMELANDS • MUSLIMS in the INDIAN OCEAN • CHINESE in SOUTHEAST ASIA • JEWS in the MEDITERRANEAN

To AFRICA

BANANAS

NEW RICE

To East ASIA

Dar-al-Islam & Mediter. Trade: Sugar, Cotton, & Citrus

ALONG WITH GOODS, INCREASED TRADE BRINGS DISEASE. Ex. The BLACK DEATH

NEOCONFUCIANISM, HINDUISM, & BUDDHISM

SOUTHEAST ASIA

ISLAM

SOUTHEAST ASIA &

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA

PRINTING &

GUNPOWDER FROM EAST ASIA

ISLAMIC EMPIRES &

WESTERN EUROPE

ISLAMIC EMPIRES

GREEK &

INDIAN MATH

GREEK SCIENCE &

PHIL.(Back to Europe)

KEY CONCEPT 3.2: CONTINUITY & INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS & THEIR INTERACTIONS

TWO GROUPS DOMINATE THE POLITICS OF THIS ERA

Islam MONGOLS

Islamic expansion introduced a new concept- The CALIPHATE.

The Pastoral people of Central Asia created the largest empire in the history of the planet that integrated both pastoral & agrarian people.

The State Form to focus on for the Mongols is the KHANATE. o Four Khanates

Golden Horde (Russia/Eastern Europe) Khanate of the Great Khan (China/East Asia) Chagatai (Central Asia) Ilkhanate (Middle East/Persia/The Illest Khanate of them all)

o Each began as an administrative unit ruled by a descendent of Genghis Khan (usually children/grandchildren) After his death, they fought/became independent

“Pax Mongolica” o Era of peace controlled by the Mongol Empire

Transcontinental trade that reconstituted the old Silk Road Disease/Goods/Animals/Spices/Paper/Gunpowder/Banking/Printing

CALIPHATE (“Dominion of the Caliph/Successor”) o New form of government that took hold across North Africa, and West Asia. o Led by a succession of Caliphs until 1258 Islamic groups that you NEED TO KNOW: o Abbasids, Delhi Sultanate, Muslim Iberia (Al-Andalus) As the Islamic Arabs spread their dominance, they took on a great many

PERSIAN influences “The Persians ruled for a thousand years and did not need us Arabs even for a day. We have been ruling them for one or two centuries and cannot do without them for an hour” Ultimately, it was Islamic growth that led to the European Crusades Key cultural transfer: ABBASIDS with TANG CHINA ** There is much more to know here, but the above are listed in the Curricula

1206-1368 CE

661-1258 CE

OTHER MAJOR STATES “DEMONSTRATE REMARKABLE CONTINUITY, INNOVATION & DIVERSITY”

BYZANTINE

CHINA

Italian City-States

Feudal Europe

Feudal Japan

Americas

Eastern Rome Byzantine people

refer to it as the Roman Empire

Person to Know: o Justinian

Briefly rebuilt the Roman Empire to old borders

Justinian Code Administrative

System o Divine, Absolute

Emperor o Elaborate Bureaucr. o Christian Empire

330-1450 CE

589-1279 CE THREE Dynasties o SUI DYNASTY

Reunited Grand Canal

o TANG DYNASTY High Point of

Chinese Civiliz. Silk Road Tribute Buddhist/Confuc. Cultural

Influence over Japan, Korea

Printing o SONG DYNASTY

Paper Money Gunpowder Conquered by the

MONGOLS

New gov’t that replaced the Old Roman Empire Venice, Milan, Genoa, Verona, etc. Dominated Mediterranean trade Key trade between Europe and Asia Later traded with Ottoman Empire

Decentralized Local feudal lords

gained fealty over local people

Highlight: Charlemagne

Mirrored Europe Daimyo=Lord Samurai=Knights

State systems expanded in scope and strength

Similar to Afro-Eur. MAYA o City States AZTEC o Empire based in

Central Mexico o “Mexica” INCA o Andes Mountains

around Peru o Road System o Inheritance System o Quipu

KEY CONCEPT 3.3: INCREASED ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY & ITS CONSEQUENCES

PRODUCTION

POST CLASSICAL INTERACTIONS HAVE MAJOR ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

URBANIZATION SOCIAL

SPR

EA

D O

F R

ELIG

ION

LE

D T

O M

AJO

R C

HA

NG

ES

GE

ND

ER

RE

LA

TIO

NS

FA

MIL

Y S

TR

UC

TU

RE

BUDDHISM CHRISTIANITY ISLAM

CROP YIELDS

INCREASE DUE TO NEW

TECHNOLOGY

CHINAMPAS

CHAMPA RICE (Drought-resistant quick growing rice)

WARU-WARU

TERRACING

HORSE-COLLAR

CROPS TRANSPORTED

TO SIMILAR CLIMATES

ARTISANS & MERCHANTS INCREASED

EXPORTS

INDIA, CHINA

PERSIA

CHINA

(THIS MAY SEEM CONTRADICTORY BUT THEY WANT

YOU TO KNOW THAT CITIES BOTH ROSE & FELL)

GROWTH

DOWNFALL

INVASIONS CEASE

SAFE TRADE/TRAVEL

RISE IN COMMERCE

RISE IN TEMP.

INCREASE IN AGRIC.

MORE PEOPLE/LABOR

INVASIONS

DISEASES

AGRICULTURAL

DECLINE

LITTLE ICE AGE

NOVGOROD

TIMBUKTU HANGZHOU

CALICUT BAGHDAD MALACCA

VENICE

ATHENS

ROME ALEXANDRIA

CHANG’AN PATALIPUTRA

(MUCH OF THIS REMAINS THE SAME FROM THE

LAST ERA… BUT THERE ARE SOME CHANGES)

LABOR MANAGEMENT CHANGES FREE PEASANTS NOMADIC

PASTORIALIST GUILDS COERCED GOV’T LABOR TAXES MILITARY

OBLIGATIONS

Below are some fun new ways the elites

managed the labor of the people.

Not everyone was happy with these new obligations

(specifically the increase in dues/taxes… Special

Note: THESE REVOLTS HAVE LITTLE HISTORICAL

CONSEQUENCE. The successful rebellions are a

few eras away…)

Free Peasant Revolts Religious Revolts (White Lotus)