A.P. WORLD A.P. WORLD HISTORY:HISTORY:

PERIODIZATIONPERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND , THEMES, AND

ANALYSISANALYSIS

A.P. WORLD A.P. WORLD HISTORY:HISTORY:

PERIODIZATIONPERIODIZATION

WHAT IS WHAT IS PERIODIZATION?PERIODIZATION?

Each period is defined by three conditionsEach period is defined by three conditions A geographical componentA geographical component

When civilization contracts, shrinks When civilization contracts, shrinks When civilization spreads from smaller to wider areaWhen civilization spreads from smaller to wider area

Increase, decrease in contacts across regionsIncrease, decrease in contacts across regions Emergence of parallel developments across Emergence of parallel developments across

globeglobe Dates not best way to define a periodDates not best way to define a period Period may occur Period may occur

At different time At different time In different regionsIn different regions

PERIOD 1PERIOD 1ANCIENT PERIODANCIENT PERIOD

To 600 BCETo 600 BCE Growth of agricultureGrowth of agriculture Generally small city-states, statesGenerally small city-states, states

Neolithic PeriodNeolithic Period Ancient River Valley CivilizationsAncient River Valley Civilizations Rise of tradeRise of trade Ends with rise of large, regional Ends with rise of large, regional

empiresempires

PERIOD 2PERIOD 2CLASSICAL PERIODCLASSICAL PERIOD

600 BCE to 600 CE600 BCE to 600 CE Large, regional empiresLarge, regional empires Military aristocraciesMilitary aristocracies

Integrate regionsIntegrate regions Permanent traditions and religionsPermanent traditions and religions Regional civilizationsRegional civilizations

China, India, SW Asia, MediterraneanChina, India, SW Asia, Mediterranean Mesoamerica and Andean AmericaMesoamerica and Andean America Strong contacts between regional centersStrong contacts between regional centers

Many areas outside classical civilizationsMany areas outside classical civilizations Ends with massive nomadic invasionsEnds with massive nomadic invasions

PERIOD 3PERIOD 3POST-CLASSICAL PERIODPOST-CLASSICAL PERIOD

600 CE to 1450 CE600 CE to 1450 CE Began with rise of IslamBegan with rise of Islam

First trans-regional civilizationFirst trans-regional civilization Spans Eurasia and AfricaSpans Eurasia and Africa

Era of two great powers: Islam, ChinaEra of two great powers: Islam, China Spread of universalizing religions, Spread of universalizing religions,

philosophiesphilosophies Saw rise of new civilization centersSaw rise of new civilization centers Emergence of network of global contactsEmergence of network of global contacts Ended due to Mongols, Black DeathEnded due to Mongols, Black Death

PERIOD 4PERIOD 4EARLY MODERN PERIODEARLY MODERN PERIOD

1450-17501450-1750 Rise of gunpowder empiresRise of gunpowder empires Rise of Western EuropeRise of Western Europe World shrinksWorld shrinks

All continents included in world networkAll continents included in world network Global trade develops for first timeGlobal trade develops for first time

Great exchangesGreat exchanges Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germsGoods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs Ideas especially European, ChristianityIdeas especially European, Christianity

PERIOD 5PERIOD 5MODERN PERIODMODERN PERIOD

1750 to 1900: “The West and the Rest”1750 to 1900: “The West and the Rest” Era of massive technological changeEra of massive technological change Era of many revolutionsEra of many revolutions

TechnologicalTechnological PoliticalPolitical Social, IntellectualSocial, Intellectual

Vast trade networksVast trade networks Western global hegemonyWestern global hegemony

Great Britain, France, Germany, RussiaGreat Britain, France, Germany, Russia USA, Japan are newest powersUSA, Japan are newest powers

Dominance of Western cultureDominance of Western culture

PERIOD 6PERIOD 6CONTEMPORARY PERIODCONTEMPORARY PERIOD

1900 to Present “Change, Change, Change”1900 to Present “Change, Change, Change” The American century and retreat of EuropeThe American century and retreat of Europe

Rise of Pacific Rim, IndiaRise of Pacific Rim, India Collapse of European empiresCollapse of European empires

Modernization vs. westernizationModernization vs. westernization Modernization vs. traditionalismModernization vs. traditionalism Rise of new political formsRise of new political forms Mass culture Mass culture Technology, telecommunications dominate Technology, telecommunications dominate

ageage

A.P. WORLD A.P. WORLD HISTORY:HISTORY:

THEMESTHEMES

Interaction between Interaction between humans and the environmenthumans and the environment

Demography and diseaseDemography and disease MigrationMigration Patterns of settlementPatterns of settlement TechnologyTechnology

Interaction between Interaction between humans and the environmenthumans and the environment

Development and Development and interaction of interaction of

culturescultures

ReligionsReligions Belief systems, philosophies Belief systems, philosophies

and ideologiesand ideologies Science and technologyScience and technology The arts and architectureThe arts and architecture

Development and interaction Development and interaction of cultures of cultures

State-building, State-building, expansion, and expansion, and

conflictconflict

Political structures and forms of Political structures and forms of governancegovernance

EmpiresEmpires Nations and nationalismNations and nationalism Revolts and revolutionRevolts and revolution Regional, transregional, and global Regional, transregional, and global

structures and organizationsstructures and organizations

State-building, expansion, State-building, expansion, and conflict and conflict

Creation, expansion, and Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic interaction of economic

systemssystems

Agricultural and pastoral Agricultural and pastoral productionproduction

Trade and commerceTrade and commerce Labor systemsLabor systems IndustrializationIndustrialization Capitalism and socialismCapitalism and socialism

Creation, expansion, and Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic interaction of economic

systemssystems

Development and Development and transformation of social transformation of social

structuresstructures

Gender roles and relationsGender roles and relations Family and kinshipFamily and kinship Racial and ethnic Racial and ethnic

constructionsconstructions Social and economic classesSocial and economic classes

Development and Development and transformation of social transformation of social

structuresstructures

A.P. WORLD A.P. WORLD HISTORY:HISTORY:

ANALYSISANALYSIS

COMPARISONCOMPARISON

CHANGE & CHANGE & CONTINUITYCONTINUITY

A.P. WORLD A.P. WORLD HISTORY:HISTORY:

PERIODIZATIONPERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND , THEMES, AND

ANALYSISANALYSIS