AP WORLD HISTORY

FOUN Which two of the following vied for influence in China during the Tang Dynasty?A. Buddhism and ShintoismB. Shintoism and HinduismC. Confucianism and HinduismD. Buddhism and ConfucianismE. Buddhism and Hinduism

FOUND One way that hunting and gathering societies differ from agricultural societies is that hunting and gathering societies generally

A. Demonstrate more gender inequalityB. Are more likely to alter or destroy the natural landscapeC. Have to work more hours every dayD. Have no need for group leadershipE. Demonstrate relative social equality among group members

FOUND An early civilization that rose in a unique environment of dry coastal area, high mountains, and jungle was

A. The Olmec civilizationB. The Chavin civilizationC. MycenaeaD. EgyptE. Mesopotamia

FOUND Which of the following accurately compares China under the Zhou Dynasty to China under the Han Dynasty?

A. Han China was involved in more complex long-distance trade than Zhou ChinaB. Han China was influenced by the mandae of heaven; Zhou China was notC. Han China was influenced by a reverence of ancestors; Zhou dynasty was notD. Zhou China had more contacts with nomads than Han ChinaE. Zhou China had more numerous and better written records than Han China

FOUND During the mid-1st millennium B.C.E., a common characteristic of Greeks and Phoenicians is that

A. Neither had a written languageB. Both traded directly with people in east AsiaC. Both were significant traders and seafarers on the Mediterranean SeaD. Both were conquered by the BabyloniansE. Neither had an agriculturally-based economy

FOUND Vedas, atman, dharma, and the universal spirit are all associated with the religion of

A. ShintoismB. BuddhismC. DaoismD. ShamanismE. Hinduism

FOUND In contrast to the founder of Christianity, he founder of Islam is viewed by its adherents as

A. A spiritual being with few human characteristicsB. Both a spiritual and a human beingC. Never anything more than a human beingD. A mediator between God and human beingsE. A human being with many weaknesses

FOUND The civilization most responsible for saving the works of ancient Greek scholars after the fall of the western Roman Empire was probably the

A. Frankish kingdomB. Byzantine EmpireC. Persian EmpireD. Abbasid CaliphateE. Gupta Dynasty

FOUND In which area of the world did the Neolithic Revolution probably take place first?A. Eastern North AfricaB. New GuineaC. Sub-Saharan AfricaD. The Middle EastE. Europe

FOUND Two religions that gained a large number of new adherents because they spread along long-distance routes during the classical era (1000 B.C.E.-600 C.E.) were

A. Buddhism and HinduismB. Judaism and HinduismC. Christianity and IslamD. Daoism and IslamE. Christianity and Buddhism

FOUND Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the classical civilizations of Rome, Han China, and Gupta India?

A. Gupta India controlled much more land space than did Rome and Han ChinaB. Han China relied more on slave labor than did Rome and Gupta IndiaC. Gupta India’s government had less central control over its subjects than did the

governments of Rome and Han ChinaD. The Roman economy relied more heavily on agriculture than did the economies of

Gupta India and Han ChinaE. Han China had more control over nomadic invasions of its borders than did Gupta

India and Rome

FOUND “It is the nature of women to seduce men in this world; for that reason the wise are never unguarded in the company of females . . . . When women are honored, there the gods are pleased; but where they are not honored, no sacred rite yields rewards . . . . In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead to her sons; a woman must never be independent. She must not seek to separate herself from her father, husband or sons; by leaving them she would make both her own and her husband’s family contemptible . . . .”

The excerpt above from the Law of Manu illustrates which of the following about early Indian society?

A. Early India was patriarchalB. The caste system was very influentialC. Family life in early India centered on the well-being of childrenD. Hindu beliefs in a universal spirit governed Indian societyE. People who disobeyed religious and political laws were harshly punished

FOUND Which of the following places was not connected directly to the Indian Ocean trade network during the classical period (1000 BCE-600 CE)?

A. Eastern AfricaB. The west of IndiaC. The east coast of IndiaD. The Aegean SeaE. Southeast Asia

FOUND Features that distinguish Shang and Zhou China from other early civilizations areA. The mandate of heaven, emphasis on the wisdom of ancestors and dynastic cyclesB. Dynastic cycles, monotheistic religion, shamanismC. Divination, the mandate of heaven, extensive irrigationD. Extensive irrigation, emphasis on the wisdom of ancestors, animismE. Monotheistic religion, reliance on trade with outsiders, divination

FOUND The economic system that human beings first used for survival wasA. Settled agricultureB. Shifting agricultureC. HorticultureD. Hunting and gatheringE. Pastoralism

FOUND Which of the following groups was LEAST strongly tied to the web of commerce and cultures that existed between 1700 and 1100 B.C.E.?

A. ChinaB. EgyptC. MesopotamiaD. The HittitesE. The Nubians

FOUND In contrast to the scholar-bureaucrats of Classical China, the highest social status in Classical India went to

A. Military leadersB. LandownersC. PriestsD. Court officialsE. Artisans

FOUND One of Ashoka’s most important influences in world history was hisA. Long-lasting political unification of IndiaB. Conversion to and protection of BuddhismC. Conquest of KalingaD. Support of the Indian Ocean trade networkE. Elimination of the caste system

FOUND Xiao, ren, and li are basic principles ofA. BuddhismB. DaoismC. ConfucianismD. HinduismE. Shintoism

FOUND Far more than classical Greece, India, or China, slavery in Rome A) dominated the labor markets—Rome became dependent on slavery B) was hereditary C) granted no rights or protections to slaves D) was lenient and refused to enslave the young or the elderly E) encouraged Romans to develop their technology in agriculture and industry

FOUND Classical civilizations differed from river valley civilizations in all of these ways EXCEPT A) their social institutions were more complex B) interregional contacts, especially through trade, war, or migration, increased C) government was larger and more complex D) classical religions were largely monotheistic or atheistic E) large empires and elaborate government institutions arose

FOUND Despite their material success and increased wealth, in China and Rome A) foreigners were prohibited from settling in these societies B) merchants often ranked below peasants and had little social influence C) classical rulers were isolated from the masses and did not intervene in government D) classical aristocrats and elites had no influence within the government E) the educated elite were prohibited from owning land

FOUND The major difference between Buddhism and Hinduism was A) Hinduism was monotheistic and Buddhism was polytheistic B) Buddhism denied rebirth and reincarnation, and emphasized the importance of the real world C) Hindusim supported the ruling castes, whereas Buddhism encouraged its followers to renounce the political world D) Hinduism taught respect for all living things and prohibited killing E) Buddhism denied the need for castes, rites, and sacrifice to achieve nirvana

FOUND What sentence BEST describes both Roman and Han Chinese gender relations? A) Roman and Chinese women had numerous political rights B) while subordinate to men, Roman women were considerably freer and less oppressed than were their Chinese counterparts C) both cultures were matrilocal—husbands resided with their wives’ families D) over the length of the empires, women’s lives improved and their rights increased E) Rome and China were patriarchal societies where elite women had considerable influence

FOUND Historically, pastoral nomads A) lived interspersed with sedentary farmers

B) were rare in Africa and the Americas but common in central Asia C) prevented contacts between the civilized centers of the world D) had little lasting impact on the development of civilizations E) lived on the grassy plains of the continents where sedentary agriculture was extremely difficult

FOUND The major impact of Alexander the Great’s conquests was A) the elimination of foreign influences from Greek culture B) the establishment of the first unified government for the eastern Mediterranean C) the birth of mystery religions and the forced migration of the Jews D) the spread of the Greek culture throughout the eastern Mediterranean, southwest Asia, and into India E) the destruction of regional trade and commerce

FOUND The fragmentation of Christianity during the Reformation into Catholic and Protestant sects most closely resembles A) Sunni-Shia divisions within Islam over political leadership of the Muslim community B) Buddha’s founding of Buddhism out of the Hindu traditions C) the expulsion of the Christians from the Judaism around 70 C.E. D) the transformation of religions from polytheism to monotheism E) the absorption of Muslim ideas by Hinduism following contacts between the two religions

FOUN Most of the earliest civilizations developed in A. Areas around the Mediterranean SeaB. Inland areas in moderate climatesC. Areas with abundant rainfallD. The Western HemisphereE. River valleys in warm, dry climates

FOUND Most experts believe that agriculture first began inA. The Middle East and then spread by cultural diffusion to many other areas of the

worldB. The Andes Mountain area and China about the same timeC. China and then spread by cultural diffusion to many other areas around the worldD. The Middle East but also began later as independent invention in many other

areas of the worldE. Several areas in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres about the same time

FOUND

The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent?A. Ancient RomeB. Ancient GreeceC. Assyrian EmpireD. Byzantine EmpireE. Persian Empire

FOUND One of the earliest cultural hearths in the Americas was developed by theA. Harappans B. B) Olmec C. C) Akkadians D. D) Maya E. E) Hittites

FOUND One common effect of the process of agricultural settlements developing into civilizations was

A. The rulers came to be seen as godsB. The religions became more centered in spirits and natureC. A growing nostalgia for the nomadic lifestyleD. The people generally didn’t have to work as hard as nomads didE. The status of women fell

FOUND Which of the following is true of both Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia?A. Both were politically organized into city-statesB. Both had polytheistic religionsC. Neither had a written languageD. Both had to cope with very rainy climatesE. Neither had written law codes

FOUND The best single explanation for why so little is known about the Indus River Valley is that

A. They had no written languageB. Their civilization was less developed than that of the Egyptians and MesopotamiansC. Most of their artifacts were destroyed by invadersD. Inscriptions on artifacts are too brief to allow the interpretations of their languagesE. Their sites are more difficult to excavate than those of most other ancient peoples

FOUND One of the most important political legacies of the Zhou Dynasty in ancient China is

A. A written law codeB. The establishment of a theocracy

C. The tradition of having two rulers instead of oneD. Participation by citizens in the decision-making processE. The mandate of heaven

FOUND Which of the earliest civilizations generally differed from the others in its emphasis on the supreme importance of the family, life on earth rather than life after death, and learning and literacy?

A. ChinaB. EgyptC. MesopotamiaD. MycenaeE. Indus Valley

FOUND Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?

A. Agriculture was a more important component of the economy during the EmpireB. The Senate had more real governing power during the RepublicC. Military success was more important during the EmpireD. Peasants came into conflict with wealthy aristocrats over land ownership during the

time of the Republic, but not during the Empire periodE. The succession of leadership was determined by heredity under the Empire but not

during the time of the Republic

FOUND

The cultural hearth pictured above is geographically different from most others in the Eastern Hemisphere because it is NOT

A. Next to an oceanB. Centralized in one placeC. In a river valleyD. In a warm climateE. In an area with a great deal of rainfall

FOUND Which of the following classical civilizations was composed of city-states?A. GreeceB. RomeC. Mauryan IndiaD. Gupta IndiaE. Han China

FOUND Which of the following civilizations is mismatched with an accomplishment?A. Phoenicia: alphabet based on soundsB. Greece: democratic government

C. Rome: building of aqueductsD. Gupta India: Hellenistic synthesisE. Han China: bureaucracy based on merit

FOUND Which of the following is true of both Athens and Rome?A. Neither valued philosophy or artB. Neither were patriarchiesC. Neither made use of slave laborD. Both were monotheisticE. Both had strong military organizations

FOUND One difference between Rome and Han China is thatA. High government positions were more likely to be based on scholarly

accomplishments in ChinaB. Engineering accomplishments were more significant in ChinaC. Religious leaders were more likely to have political power in RomeD. Rome had more trouble guarding its borders than China didE. Rome experienced more problems with free peasants clashing with wealthy

aristocrats

FOUND Which of the following was a significant difference between the Roman Empire and the Han Empire?

A. The Han Empire had more difficulty defending its bordersB. The Roman Empire was more dependent on slave laborC. The Han economy was based primarily on agriculture; the Roman economy was

based mainly on tradeD. Peasant rebellions were more problematic for the Han than for the RomansE. The Roman Empire encompassed many more diverse peoples than the Han did

FOUND Which of the following is often seen as an important accomplishment of Ashoka?A. He unified India into a long-lasting political dynastyB. He probably kept Buddhism from dying outC. He promoted the spread of Hinduism to Southeast and East AsiaD. He built a great Indian navyE. He forged an important alliance with the Roman Emperor

FOUND In comparison to the Mauryan Dynasty, the Gupta DynastyA. Controlled much more territory in South AsiaB. Built a much more complex government bureaucracyC. Rose from the same powerful area in northern IndiaD. Did not practice as much “theatre state”E. Did not practice Hinduism

FOUND A technological innovation used to maneuver the waters of the Indian Ocean was the

A. Square sailB. TriremeC. Large-hulled boatD. SextantE. Lateen sail

FOUND

(P. 131) Although much about them is mysterious, the clay soldiers pictured above were probably created to

A. Demonstrate Chinese artistic abilitiesB. Frighten simple nomadic groups from entering Chinese bordersC. Symbolize the power of Shi HuangdiD. Symbolically protect commerce on the Silk RoadE. Protect the tombs of early Confucian scholars

FOUND Which of the following is NOT a concept central to Buddhism?A. The Four Noble TruthsB. AtmanC. The Eightfold PathD. NirvanaE. The importance of meditation

FOUND Which of the following belief systems originated in the Indian subcontinent?I. BuddhismII. HinduismIII. ConfucianismIV. Daoism

A. I and II onlyB. II onlyC. II and III onlyD. II, III, and IV onlyE. IV only

FOUN Which of the following was not true of nomadic groups?A. Nomadic societies were patriarchalB. They had some social hierarchyC. Most of the themes of nomadic art centered on their animalsD. Nomadic societies had little positive influence on settled peoplesE. Nomadic societies engaged in peaceful trade

FOUND The major reason why pastoral nomadism did not develop in the Americas was:A. the lack of large domesticated animals such as cattleB. the inability of Native Americans to domesticate the buffalosC. the lack of savanna for grazingD. the lack of horses for herders to use in order to control herds

E. the uneven amount of moisture that falls across the two continents

FOUND Which of the following is an accurate description of an economic difference that existed between the Roman Empire and Han China?

A. Manufacturing was an important activity in the Roman Empire because it provided trade goods, whereas the Han Chinese had little manufacturingB. Roman society during the Roman Empire was matrilineal, whereas Chinese

society during the Han dynasty was patrilinealC. Han China relied less on a slave labor system than did the Roman EmpireD. The economy of the Roman Empire was based on agriculture, whereas China

during the Han dynasty had an economy based on tradeE. Women in Han China had greater freedom of action than did women in the

Roman Empire

FOUN What happened in western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire was similar to what occurred in:

A. Byzantium after the end of the Eastern EmpireB. China after the fall of the Han DynastyC. Japan after the end of the Tokugawa ShogunateD. the Holy Land after the unsuccessful Crusades endedE. the Andes when the Spanish ousted the Inca

FOUND According to Confucius the most important aspect of the role of the scholar-gentry was:

A. to maintain harmony among the social classes by administering the state and advising the ruler wiselyB. to administer the civil-service examination systemC. to staff the bureaucracy that ran ChinaD. to educate the sons of the upper-class who would become the new scholar-gentryE. to ensure that China remained isolated from non-Confucian teachings by

censoring all communications from outside China

FOUND Which of the following challenged Hinduism?A. DaoismB. ConfucianismC. ShintoismD. PolytheismE. Buddhism

FOUN A major difference between the teachings of Buddhism and Hinduism is:A. belief in nirvanaB. the cycle of rebirthC. the principle of nonviolenceD. belief in karmaE. belief in dharma

FOUN Which of the following statements is an accurate description of both Buddhism and Hinduism?

A. The caste system was an outgrowth of Hinduism but became identified also with Buddhism

B. Neither religion placed importance on the individual’s efforts to seek release from rebirth

C. Nirvana was a major aspect of the belief system of both Buddhism and HinduismD. Both religions taught the importance of karma in affecting a person’s fateE. Buddhism made use of formal rituals, but Hinduism did not.

FOUN The Mandate of Heaven governed the relationship between the ruler and the ruled in:

F. ChinaG. JapanH. FranceI. GhanaJ. Russia

600-1450 Which of the following about the Mongols is accurate for the 13th century?A. They were not as powerful as the TurksB. They founded the Yuan Dynasty in ChinaC. They defeated many Christian kingdoms in western EuropeD. They defeated the Mamluks in the Middle EastE. Their government was centrally controlled from Baghdad

600-1450 Which of the following was an important result of the Christian Crusades of the late 11th to late 13th centuries C.E.?

A. Venice and Genoa rose as important trading states of the Mediterranean areaB. Control of Jerusalem was transferred to Christian hands for several centuriesC. The Byzantine Empire was strengthened both politically and economicallyD. Many people in the Middle East converted from Islam to ChristianityE. The Catholic pope lost significant authority over knights and kings

600-1450 A similarity among Sudanic states during the period from 1000 to 1450 C.E. was that most

A. Were politically weakB. Were controlled by Islamic elitesC. Had weak oral traditionsD. Had few connections to long-distance tradeE. Had no distinct social classes

600-1450 The largest land-based empire in world history was theA. Roman EmpireB. Qin DynastyC. Persian EmpireD. Inca EmpireE. Mongol Empire

600-1450 None of the civilizations of the Americas used beasts of burden before 1450 EXCEPT the:

A. MayaB. IncaC. AztecsD. Toltecs

E. People of Teotihuacan

600-1450 Which of the following is an accurate statement about gender roles in early Islamic societies?

A. Most men followed Muhammad’s example of having a large harem of wives and concubines

B. The status of women was higher during the later caliphates than it had been on the Arabian peninsula during the early days of the religion’s founding

C. Inequality between the sexes grew over time and was greater during the time of the Abbasids than it had been in earlier days

D. Restrictions on the movements of lower-class women were greater than those for upper class women

E. Women in Islamic societies were more restricted than women in almost any other society of the time

600-1450

600-1450

600-1450 An important unifying force within the Muslim caliphate wasA. Ethnic homogeneityB. Strong agreement among elites about governanceC. The widespread use of the Arabic languageD. The absence of regional identitiesE. Similar natural terrain and climates of subject states

600-1450 The Abbasid Caliphate eventually was destroyed by theA. Seljuk TurksB. Shi’aC. Byzantine EmpireD. MongolsE. Mamluks

600-1450 Caesaropapism characterized theA. Sassanid EmpireB. Frankish KingdomC. Abbasid CaliphateD. Byzantine EmpireE. Kingdom of Castile

600-1450 An important technological achievement of the Sui Dynasty was the building ofA. The Great WallB. The Grand CanalC. The imperial palaceD. An army equipped with gunsE. A great fleet of ships

600-1450 Which of the following accurately compares Korean and Vietnamese relationships to Tang China?

A. Korea was defeated by Tang China; Vietnam was notB. Although both were defeated by Tang China, Korea developed a more positive

relationship with the Tang court

C. Neither Korea nor Vietnam was defeated by Tang ChinaD. Both Korea and Vietnam were tributary states, but both were quite hostile to the TangE. Tang China had little interest in Korea and generally left it alone, but it successfully

invaded Vietnam

600-1450 In the era from 600-1450, the Japanese political order most resembled that ofA. ChinaB. The Abbasid CaliphateC. IndiaD. RussiaE. Western Europe

600-1450 Between 600 and 1450 C.E. the economies of Mali and Zimbabwe were both dominated by

A. IvoryB. SaltC. SilkD. Palm oilE. Gold

600-1450 The Delhi Sultanate brought a cultural conflict to the Indian subcontinent in which

A. Islam clashed with HinduismB. Fighting among castes intensifiedC. Middle Eastern emphasis on trade clashed with Indian emphasis on isolationD. Buddhism clashed with HinduismE. Kingdoms of the south clashed with kingdoms of the north

600-1450 Between 600 and 1450 C.E. Roman Catholic missionaries were LEAST successful in

A. SpainB. ScandinaviaC. Eastern EuropeD. RussiaE. Islands in the Mediterranean

600-1450 The most significant effect of Russia’s conversion to Eastern Orthodox Christianity was:

F. the trade network that Russia’s acceptance of Christianity opened for itG. the way it slowed the development of a Russian national identityH. the way the Church’s teaching that God vests power in the ruler strengthened the

Russian tsars’ control over the stateI. the power it gave the Eastern Church in dealing with the Roman Catholic ChurchJ. its influence on Russian architecture

600-1450 Which of the following developments most directly resulted from the Crusades?

A. Growth of Italian city-statesB. Spread of the Black DeathC. Vasco da Gama’s voyage to IndiaD. Columbian Exchange

E. Restriction of European traders to treaty ports

600-1450 In the period between 600-1450 C.E. the interregional impact of nomadic movements

A. Was not as great as it had been during the Classical EraB. Was significant, but not as great as in later erasC. Was important in the Western Hemisphere but not in the Eastern HemisphereD. Reached its greatest extent in world historyE. Was minimal, as it has generally been throughout world history

600-1450 The lateen sail was an important technology for traveling across the Indian Ocean because

A. Its square shape meant that it picked up more ocean breezesB. It was more durable than most other sailsC. It worked best when combined with tiers of oarsD. It was especially suited for short-distance travelE. Its shape made maneuvering the monsoon winds possible

600-1450 All of the following are true of the major Amerindian civilizations in Central and South America prior to the arrival of Europeans EXCEPT:

A. economies based on tradeB. monumental buildingC. urban centersD. differentiation of laborE. social stratification

600-1450 All of the following are characteristics of western Europe in the 1400’s and 1500’s EXCEPT:

A. the growth of capitalismB. the decline of the feudal systemC. an increasingly urban populationD. the development of improved weaponryE. the continued strength of the Roman Catholic Church

600-1450 Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between European and Asian commercial interests in the 1500s?

A. Europeans took over the Asian trading network by forceB. The trading network in Asia was divided into three zones – Arab, Indian, and

ChineseC. Europeans imposed a monopoly system on the spice tradeD. Europeans abandoned any idea of colonizing or trading directly with Asians in

favor of using Asian intermediariesE. Europeans found, after trial and error, that the only way to benefit from the Asian

trading network was to join it as a peaceful partner

600-1450 Which of the following is a fundamental teaching of Islam?

A. The Shari’a is a compilation of the Sunna, the teachings of Muhammad, and the QuranB. Muslim converts may continue to worship their former deitiesC. The five-times-a-day prayer services that Muslims must observe are led by a

priest called an imam

D. Everyone is equal under IslamE. Social responsibility is less important than adherence to ritual

600-1450 All of the following statements are accurate about both the Mayan and Aztec civilizations EXCEPT

A. most of the ordinary people in both civilizations were farmersB. the priest class in both empires were powerfulC. neither civilization had very advanced technologies or scientific understandingD. the Mayans lived in independent city-states, whereas the Aztecs had one ruler

over the entire empireE. the exact nature of the decline of the Mayan civilization is unknown, whereas the

Aztec empire fell to the Spanish

600-1450 Monasticism was an important aspect of which two of the following religions?A. Islam and BuddhismB. Buddhism and ChristianityC. Daoism and ShintoismD. Hinduism and BuddhismE. Christianity and Hinduism

600-1450 Which of the following statements is accurate regarding feudalism in both Europe and Japan?

A. Feudalism was an economic as well as a political systemB. The nature of feudalism was such that it crated a strong central governmentC. Feudalism weakened as cities developedD. Feudalism needed a large agricultural base to support the systemE. The basic feudal relationship was between lord and vassal

600-1450 The blending of Islamic culture traits with Indian practices resulted in:A. the use of Indian art styles to render Islamic subjectsB. the end of the caste system in the Delhi sultanateC. the loss of Urdu as a language of the Indian subcontinentD. the development of a new religion, SikhismE. the end of Sufism

600-1450 “We have seen that kings take the place of God, who is the true father of the human species. We have also seen that the first idea of power which exists among men is that of the paternal power; and that kings are modeled on fathers.”

The above definition of kingship could fit the monarchs of all the following states, kingdoms, and empires EXCEPT:A. Great BritainB. Union of Akan StatesC. FranceD. SpainE. Japan

600-1450 “And what, O priests, is the noble truth of the path leading to the cessation of misery? It is…right belief, right resolve, right speech, right behavior, right occupation, right effort, right contemplation, right concentration.”

These words describe a teaching of which religion?A. JudaismB. Hinduism

C. ChristianityD. BuddhismE. Islam

600-1450 An element of Chinese culture that the Japanese did not adopt was:A. the Chinese system of writingB. the concept of filial pietyC. respect for the merchant classD. the civil service examination systemE. the Chinese emphasis on learning

600-1450 Which of the following actions had a long-term effect on relations between western and eastern Europe in the Middle Ages?

A. The invasion of Spain by the MoorsB. The acceptance of the Orthodox Church as the official religion of Kievan RussiaC. The evolution of feudalism in western EuropeD. The crowning of Charlemagne by the popeE. The rise of the Seljuk Turks

600-1450 Bedouins were instrumental in spreading which of the following religions?A. Buddhism throughout ChinaB. Christianity in AfricaC. Islam on the Arabian PeninsulaD. Presbyterianism in ScotlandE. Shintoism throughout Japan

600-1450 Which of the following is not an accurate description of why Islam appealed to so many people?

A. Muhammad, as the last of the great prophets, accepted earlier Judaic and Christian

revelation and incorporated them into IslamB. Islam’s Five Pillars provided simple and clear guidance to believersC. Islam was monotheistic and thus shared a common element with Judaism and

Christianity at a time when most people practiced polytheismD. Islam preached the equality of all peoples, thus appealing to the poor and

oppressedE. Because Islam lacked any legal code, it was possible to adapt Islam to any form of

governmental organization

600-1450 Which of the following best describes the East African trading centers prior to the arrival of the Portuguese?

A. The trade network to and from the East African coast was fairly local and limited to a small portion of the interior and to nearby coastal islandsB. The slave trade was an important element of the economies of the East African

trading centersC. Ife was the most important of these East Coast citiesD. The cities were a mix of black African and Islamic peoples and culture traitsE. The predominant religion was a traditional African-based animism with an

overlay of Islamic teachings known as Swahili

600-1450 All of the following are accurate descriptions of the difference between Hinduism and Islam EXCEPT:

A. Hinduism is polytheistic and Islam is monotheisticB. the Hindu caste system conflicts with Islam’s belief in the equality of all peopleC. Islam’s simple prayer ceremonies are the opposite of Hinduism’s elaborate

religious ceremonies filled with music and danceD. Hinduism is thousands of years old, whereas Islam is relatively new, having been

founded in the seventh century C.E.E. Hinduism rejects the use of the human form in religious and secular art, whereas

the human form is an important subject in Islamic art

600-1450 All of the following are general characteristics of pastoral nomadic societies EXCEPT:

A. kinship was patrilinealB. there was little social stratificationC. wives lived with their husbands’ familiesD. there was little intertribal warfareE. a dependent relationship existed between those who had more resources and those

who were less well off

600-1450 By 1600, the expansion of which of the following had ended invasions from central Asia?

A. Russian and the Ottoman EmpireB. Mughal Empire and RussiaC. Ming China and the Ottoman EmpireD. The Khanates of the MongolsE. Ming China and Russia

600-1450 “It is the imminent peril threatening you and all the faithful, which has brought us hither. From the confines of Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople a horrible tale has gone forth…”

The above was probably spoken about which of the following?A. The creation of the modern state of IsraelB. The establishment of the Abbasid dynastyC. The invasion of Europe by the HunsD. The capture of the Holy Land by the Seljuk TurksE. The invasion of the Middle East by the Yuan branch of the Mongols

600-1450 Which of the following factors was the most supportive of the rapid spread of Islam in the years after its founding in the early 7th century?

F. Strong communications and travel networks on the Arabian peninsulaG. Its appearance in the post-classical era, with weaker organized states to oppose itH. The support of elite rulers in the areas that the religion spreadI. The lack of other strong religions in the areas where the religion spreadJ. The high literacy rates in the Middle East and northern Africa

600-1450 One reason that Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in 1095 was toA. Support the Seljuk Turks in their efforts to capture ConstantinopleB. Defend Europe from attack by the Seljuk Turks

C. Promote Eastern OrthodoxyD. Improve trade relations between Europe and the Middle EastE. Unite the knights in a common cause for Roman Catholicism

600-1450 Which of the following is an inaccurate statement regarding “big picture” characteristics of the period 600-1450?

A. No one political format dominated the eraB. Trade and communications networks were weaker than they had been before 600C. Belief systems were unifying forces for societiesD. Eastern and Western Hemispheres were not joinedE. Most societies remained patriarchies with clear social distinctions

600-1450 Which of the following is true of both South America and West Africa during the period 600-1450?

A. Large, organized political states rose in both areasB. The economy in both areas was based mainly on tradeC. Both areas traded regularly with Europe in the Middle EastD. Civilizations in both areas centered on river valleysE. The main crops in both areas were potatoes, maize, and beans

600-1450 The religious split between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims originated in a disagreement about

A. Strategies for expansion of the faithB. Whether or not Muhammad was a divine beingC. The basis for succession of the caliphD. The location of the capital city of the caliphateE. The treatment of conquered peoples

600-1450 Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the political systems of western Europe and Japan during the era 600-1450?

A. Both areas were ruled by a highly centralized governmentB. Japan’s political system was highly centralized; western Europe developed multiple

monarchiesC. Political systems in both areas were based on feudalistic ties among elitesD. The western European political system was highly centralized; Japan’s political

system was headed by two rulers in two different placesE. In both systems, political legitimacy was based on the belief that rulers were gods on

earth

600-1450 Which of the following was the most important commodity controlled by west African states in the long-distance trade networks between 600-1450?

A. SlavesB. Exotic animalsC. RiceD. GoldE. guns

600-1450

The architecture of the church interior in the photograph above is an example ofA. Gothic architectureB. The influence of the RomansC. The revival of interest in Greek architectureD. The triumph of the Eastern Orthodox churchE. Renaissance architecture

600-1450 Among Muslims, the “People of the Book” wereA. Jews and ChristiansB. Devout Sunni MuslimsC. Devout Shi’a MuslimsD. Scholars who interpreted Islamic principles to common peopleE. Those who lived in urban areas of the Middle East

600-1450 Islamic law codes that became well developed during Abbasid times are calledA. The QuranB. HadithC. Shari’aD. QanunE. The Five Pillars of Faith

600-1450 Which of the following was NOT one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire?

A. VisigothsB. FranksC. HunsD. VandalsE. Agles

600-1450 Franciscans and Dominicans are examples of A. Patriarchs in the eastern Orthodox churchB. Bishops in the Roman Catholic churchC. Abbots in the Roman Catholic churchD. Jewish religious orders in medieval EuropeE. Wandering religious orders in the Roman Catholic Church

600-1450 The reorganization of Roman law codes in a format still used in the West was the work of

A. CharlemagneB. ConstantineC. JustinianD. Urban IIE. Clovis

600-1450 The mit’a labor system was used by theA. MayaB. People of TeotihuacanC. ToltecsD. AztecsE. Inca

600-1450 Which of the following was NOT characteristics of all Mesoamerican civilizations between 600-1450?

A. Ball games were an important part of lifeB. All used chinampas to raise agricultural produceC. All were polytheisticD. All practiced human sacrificeE. None relied heavily on animals to get their work done

600-1450 One difference between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy during the period 1450-1750 is that in Eastern Orthodoxy

A. Priests could not marryB. A separation exists between political and religious leadersC. Gothic architecture was used for churchesD. Theology was more influenced by Greek philosophyE. Religious art conveyed Jesus as suffering for the sins of mankind

600-1450 In all Mesoamerican civilizations, the highest social status was given toA. MerchantsB. ArtisansC. PriestsD. LandownersE. Bureaucrats

600-1450 Both footbinding in China and the harem and the veil in Islam A) ended with the spread of Buddhism to Confucian and Muslim areas B) were condemned by the Confucian scholar-gentry C) were rejected by their societies’ religious establishments D) originated in Hindu lands and spread to Chinese and Muslim lands E) symbolized the increasing subordination of women to men

600-1450 The major barrier to western European expansion prior to the 15th century C.E. was A) the low level of European technology B) the lack of interest by western European rulers for acquiring territory C) the overwhelming power of Moslem and Mongol states D) the fact that religious civil wars divided western Europe and made overseas expansion impossible E) lack of popular interest and public funds to support expansion

600-1450 Which two of the following vied for influence in China during the Tang Dynasty?A) Buddhism and Shintoism B)Shintoism and Hinduism C) Confucianism and Hinduism D) Buddhism and Confucianism E) Buddhism and Hinduism

600-1450 The leading civilization during the post-classical era (450-1450 c.e.) was A) the Christian West B) the Byzantine Empire C) India D) a collection of sea-based trading states, such as Venice and the Swahili states E) Islam

600-1450 Initially, Islam, with regard to women and gender roles, A) retained Bedouin matrilineal traditions and greatly strengthened the position of women in society B) adopted Christian attitudes towards women C) secluded women and took away most of their property rights D) introduced a harsh patriarchal system E) greatly strengthened the position of women

600-1450 The impact of the Crusades A) disrupted the Muslim world B) had little effect on the military capabilities of the Europeans C) led to the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate D) was greater on the Europeans because it brought Europe into contact with Muslim civilizations and their accomplishments E) encouraged mass European migrations to the lands of the eastern Mediterranean

600-1450 A difference between the Tang and Song dynasties of China is that during the Tang DynastyA. China was militarily weakerB. Culture was more refinedC. China had less land spaceD. Women had more freedom to move aboutE. The ruling family was Han Chinese

600-1450 An important religious clash occurred during the late Tang era betweenA. Buddhism and ConfucianismB. Islam and BuddhismC. Daoism and ConfucianismD. Shintoism and DaoismE. Hinduism and Confucianism

600-1450 During the era of the Tang Dynasty, a tributary state that cooperated with the Chinese but operated with a great deal of independence was

A. VietnamB. Minamoto JapanC. Silla in the Korean peninsula

D. The JurchensE. The Uighurs

600-1450 The Tale of the Genji was the first book written inA. ChineseB. JapaneseC. KoreanD. VietnameseE. Mongolian

600-1450 The nomadic group that formed the largest continuous empire in world history was the

A. HunsB. TurksC. UighursD. JurchensE. Mongols

600-1450 During the period from 600 to 1450 South Asia experiencedA. Competition between Hinduism and BuddhismB. The introduction of HinduismC. Islamic ruleD. Sustained political fragmentationE. Economic prosperity based on trade

600-1450 Which of the following best describes Sub-Saharan trade in the period between 1000 and 1450?

A. Sub-Saharan people traded with one another but not with people in other areas of the world

B. Sub-Saharan people traded with Europeans from trading posts along Africa’s western coast

C. The area was isolated from other areas of the world, and most tribes were self-sufficient

D. Sub-Saharan people conducted a limited trade with people in the Middle EastE. The area was strongly connected to major long-distance trade routes of the Eastern

Hemisphere

600-1450 Despite the differences between them, which of the following did the Byzantine Empire and the early Islamic caliphates have in common?

A. All were IslamicB. None had strong centralized governmentsC. Neither relied on a strong military to keep their empires strongD. All had only limited literary and artistic accomplishmentsE. In all, both political and religious power was concentrated in the ruler’s hands

600-1450 Ibn Battuta’s detailed 14th-century written account is an important source of information about

A. China during the rule of Kublai KhanB. Life in Islamic landsC. The lives of ordinary peasants in central Asia and the Middle EastD. Demographic changes in Eurasia as a result of the spread of diseaseE. Technological innovations that spread from east Asia to Europe along the Silk Road

600-1450 Which of the following groups invaded China in the 13th century and established the Yuan Dynasty?

A. Seljuk TurksB. TibetansC. MongolsD. JapaneseE. Jurchens

600-1450 The spread of the bubonic plague from Asia to Europe during the 14th century is directly attributable to the

A. Mongol unification of EurasiaB. Invasion of eastern Europe by the Seljuk TurksC. Portuguese involvement in the Indian Ocean tradeD. Movement of people during the CrusadesE. Development of the Great Circuit trade

1450-1750 The term “Manila galleons” refers to theA. Common currency used for many years in Southeast Asia and the South PacificB. Spanish ships that carried New World silver to east AsiaC. Slave groups that were sent from Sub-Saharan Africa to the Middle Easteast African

traders in the Indian Ocean trade networkD. Slave groups that were sent from Sub-Saharan Africa to the Middle EastE. East African traders on the Indian Ocean trade network

1450-1750 Which of the following was an important demographic change that occurred between 1450 and 1750?

A. New navigational inventions made sea travel on the Atlantic Ocean more practicalB. Native populations in the Americas were decimated by disease contracted from

EuropeansC. Social mobility increased as new opportunities opened in the Western HemisphereD. Absolute governments proved to be much less effective than constitutional

monarchiesE. The overall population of the African continent decreased significantly because of the

slave trade to the Americas

1450-1750 The philosophy that most directly shaped the Italian Renaissance wasA. ScholasticismB. MercantilismC. DeismD. HumanismE. liberalism

1450-1750 An economic innovation that first developed between 1450 and 1750 wasA. the banking systemB. insurance underwritingC. paper moneyD. gold coinsE. joint-stock companies

1450-1750 One reason that Zheng He’s voyages had only a limited impact on the course of world history is that they

A. made use of few advanced navigational technologiesB. did not venture very far from Chinese portsC. did not begin sustained long-term contacts with other parts of the worldD. added little to the knowledge that China already had about other parts of the worldE. changed trade patterns in the Eastern Hemisphere only

1450-1750 One reason that the English colonies grew more rapidly than the French colonies was that

A. the English government was more interested in exploration and settlement of the New World

B. the English economy was weaker than that of France, causing more people to leave home

C. English colonists were more likely to come as familiesD. French colonies were more likely to be financed by joint-stock companiesE. The values of French Protestantism did not support the entrepreneurial spirit

1450-1750 Settlement patterns in the Cape Colony were different from those in most of the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa in that Europeans

A. Coexisted on equal footing with nativesB. Did not come in very large numbersC. Came as traders onlyD. Were more interested in gold than in slavesE. Moved inland from the coast

Which of the following accurately compares the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?A. The dominant religion in all three was Sunni IslamB. The Mughals had a powerful navy, but the Ottomans and Safavids did notC. The three empires fought with empires outside the region, but generally had few

quarrels with one anotherD. All reached their peak of power in the 16th and 17th centuries, and were in decline by

1750E. The Ottomans and the Mughals benefitted from the large amounts of silver from the

New World circulating in the trade networks, but the Safavids did not

1450-1750 In the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires, the social structure allowed women

A. To have no influence over their husbandsB. In the lower classes to move about freelyC. Who were wives of rulers to play key political rolesD. Of the upper classes to repudiate purdah, or seclusionE. To compete with men in the business world with relative equality

1450-1750 One difference between Ming and Qing rulers of China was that Qing rulersA. De-emphasized the civil service examinationsB. Encouraged intermarriage between Manchu and ChineseC. Decentralized government controlD. Were considered to be outsiders by Confucian scholarsE. Were generally not as well educated

1450-1750

The diffusion of crops, other plants, and animals illustrated in the chart above was calledA. The Indian Ocean ExchangeB. The Socialist Market SystemC. The Putting Out SystemD. MercantilismE. The Columbian Exchange

During the era from 1450 to 1750, which of the following areas of Asia was most isolated from foreign influences?

A. ChinaB. VietnamC. KoreaD. JapanE. India

1450-1750 One difference in the relationship between European settlers and Amerindians in Latin America and North America was that in Latin America

A. Amerindians were usually pushed out of places Europeans wanted for settlementB. Social classes were generally less hierarchicalC. Few efforts were made to convert natives to ChristianityD. Europeans were more likely to settle in rural areasE. Many more Amerindians were forced into labor by Europeans

1450-1750

The Mercator projection map pictured above was tailored to aidA. Explorers as they circumnavigated the globe by going south from EuropeB. Traders in the Indian Ocean trade circuitsC. Overland travelers on the Silk RoadD. European traders on the Atlantic Ocean

E. Inland explorers of North and South America

1450-1750 Which of the following political states was (were) MORE powerful in 1750 than in 1450?

I. BritainII. Ottoman EmpireIII. Mughal EmpireIV. RussiaV. Japan

A. I onlyB. I, II, and IV onlyC. II and III onlyD. I, IV, and V onlyE. IV and V only

1450-1750 All of the following were important events that affected the development of Christianity between 1450 and 1750 EXCEPT:

A. The Protestant ReformationB. The initial split between Roman Catholicism and Eastern OrthodoxyC. Missionary efforts by Jesuits in the Americas, China, and JapanD. The Catholic ReformationE. The promotion of Russian Orthodoxy by Russian tsars

1450-1750

1450-1750 Which of the following is true of both France and Spain in the period between 1450 and 1750?

A. Both had strong parlementsB. Both were stronger in 1750 than in 1550C. Both practiced absolutismD. Both preferred to finance exploratory voyages through joint-stock companiesE. Neither had significant land claims in the Americas

1450-1750 Which of the following was MOST negatively affected by the infusion of New World silver into the world economy?

A. PortugalB. BritainC. ChinaD. RussiaE. Ottoman Empire

1450-1750 Sati, the practice of a widow throwing herself onto her husband’s funeral pyre, was most commonly practiced in

A. The Ottoman EmpireB. The Ming ChinaC. Tokugawa JapanD. The Russian EmpireE. The Mughal Empire

1450-1750 Which of the following was the LEAST politically unified during the 16th century?

A. Renaissance ItalyB. Ming ChinaC. SpainD. The Mughal EmpireE. The Ottoman Empire

1450-1750

Which of the following was most commonly carried on “leg two” of the Atlantic Circuit?A. GunsB. SugarC. TobaccoD. SlavesE. Gold

1450-1750 Which of the following profited the MOST from the Atlantic Circuit during the 16th century?

A. KongoB. FranceC. SpainD. The English colonies in North AmericaE. The Swahili states

1450-1750 In Russia, the position that most closely matched the position of “daimyo” in Japan was

A. TsarB. BoyarC. VizierD. OpichnikiE. patron

1450-1750 Which of the following correctly described Britain during the early 18th century?A. It had established colonies in South AmericaB. It had established a constitutional monarchyC. It controlled trade on the on the Indian OceanD. It was politically and economically weaker than SpainE. It had established a stable and growing trade with Japan

1450-1750 Most sugar plantations in the New World were located inA. The southern British colonies and MexicoB. The Caribbean and PeruC. The French colonies in North America and BrazilD. New Granada and La Plata

E. The Caribbean and Brazil

1450-1750 Which of the following had the LEAST real political power during the era 1450-1750?

A. The Spanish kingB. The Ottoman sultanC. The Safavid shahD. The Japanese emperorE. The Russian tsar

1450-1750 Most people that lived in the Safavid Empire during the 16th century wereA. Sunni MuslimB. Shi’a MuslimC. SikhsD. HinduE. Buddhist

1450-1750 Which of the following rulers most directly applied sea-based technology to his land-based empire?

A. KangxiB. Suleiman the MagnificentC. Abbas the GreatD. Peter the GreatE. Babur

1450-1750 “I do not feel obliged to believe that the same god who has endowed us with senses, reason, and intellect has intended to forego their use and by some other means to give us knowledge which we can attain by them.”

The quote above from Galileo’s “Letter to the Grand Duchess Christiana” in 1615 most directly reflects a belief in

A. ScholasticismB. HumanismC. Roman CatholicismD. Orthodox ChristianityE. mercantilism

1450-1750 Which of the following had the highest social status in Latin American colonies?A. PeninsularesB. CreolesC. AmerindiansD. MestizosE. mulattos

1450-1750 Which of the following most accurately compares the relationship that English and Spanish colonists had with Amerindians?

A. Both English and Spanish colonists rejected Amerindian crops and planting techniques

B. The English colonists dominated Amerindians; Spanish colonists pushed Amerindians out of the way

C. The English colonists pushed Amerindians out of the way; the Spanish colonists put Amerindians to work for them

D. English colonists were more likely to marry Amerindians than the Spanish colonists were

E. The English colonists were more interested in converting Amerindians to Christianity than Spanish colonists were

1450-1750

The table above supports the fact that the majority of slaves were traded to areas where the economy was dominated by

A. Gold and silver minesB. TobaccoC. Corn and beansD. CottonE. Sugar

1450-1750 Which of the following areas was probably the destination for the MOST slaves during the period 1450 to 1750?

A. BrazilB. British West IndiesC. French West IndiesD. Spanish AmericasE. Southern British colonies

1450-1750 The status of which of the following was in jeopardy in Japan by 1750?A. The ShogunB. The emperorC. SamuraiD. MerchantsE. daimyos

1450-1750 “. . .the entire kingdom is administered by the Order of the Learned, commonly known as the Philosophers. The responsibility for orderly management of the entire realm is wholly and completely committed to their charge and care . . . Their attitude toward the King, in exact obedience and in external ceremony, is a cause of wonderment to a foreigner.”

In the passage above from his journal, Matteo Rici is describingA. JapanB. ChinaC. RussiaD. The IncaE. Renaissance Italy

1450-1750 Which of the following is the clearest example of Portuguese and Spanish ethnocentrism during the late 15th century?

A. The Treaty of WestphaliaB. The Edict of NantesC. The Protestant work ethicD. The Treaty of TordesillasE. The Columbian Exchange

1450-1750 If man can, with almost complete assurance, predict phenomena when he knows their laws, and if, even when he does not, he can still, with great expectation of success, forecast the future on the basis on his experience of the past, why, then, should it be regarded as a fantastic undertaking to sketch, with some pretense to truth, the future destiny of man on the basis of his history?”The above statement most probably reflects the viewpoint of:A. scholar-gentryB. MachiavelliC. NationalistsD. Enlightenment thinkersE. Social Darwinists

1450-1750 The introduction of papermaking into Europe is an example of cultural diffusionA. from China by way of the Eurasian trade routeB. from Japan by way of the Arab-Indian trade routeC. through the Columbian ExchangeD. through the Triangular Trade routeE. from the Middle East as part of the Eurasian trade route

1450-1750 Which of the following statements most accurately describes the differences between the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas?A. Portuguese Brazil was more dependent on agriculture for its economic base than was Spanish AmericaB. The Catholic Church had more influence over developments in Spanish America

than in BrazilC. Portugal exercised direct governmental control over Brazil, whereas Spain put

little structure in place to govern its coloniesD. Spanish America, unlike Brazil, developed a multiracial societyE. Spanish America had little in the way of local manufacturing, whereas Brazil

became for the most part self-sufficient

1450-1750 Which of the following had a direct impact on the abolition of slavery?A. Teachings of the Roman Catholic ChurchB. Enlightenment thinkingC. Islamic teachingsD. Social DarwinismE. Humanism

1450-1750 Triangular trade referred to the network connectingA. East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and IndiaB. the west coast of Africa, North America, and western EuropeC. the west and east coasts of Africa and IndiaD. India, Southeast Asia, and ChinaE. China, the Middle East, and the southern European coast of the Mediterranean

1450-1750 Which of the following decisions by the Portuguese affected the Arab-African cities of the east coast of Africa?A. To trade only from coastal centersB. To monopolize trade with AsiaC. To use force if necessary to ensure favorable trading conditionsD. To set up an African trading network that included the interior trade routes as well

as the coastal citiesE. To allow Christian missionaries to evangelize in the cities of the east coast

1450-1750 Which of the following most clearly differentiates the period from 1450 to 1750 from earlier periods?

A. Decline of manorialism in Western EuropeB. The rise of the Ottoman EmpireC. The inclusion of the Americas in the global trade networkD. The opening of Japan to the WestE. The replacement of Romanesque architecture with the Gothic style I western

Europe

1450-1750 Which of the following developments in the Americas accounted most directly for the growth of the slave trade?A. The dominance of cotton agriculture in what is known as the Deep South in the United StatesB. The establishment of the plantation system of sugar production in the Caribbean

and BrazilC. The discovery of gold in BrazilD. The establishment of the Triangular Trade RouteE. The introduction of coffee agriculture into Mexico

1450-1750 Which of the following that occurred in western Europe in the period from 1450 to 1750 did not result in long-term changes?

A. RenaissanceB. The growth of capitalismC. Scientific RevolutionD. Agricultural RevolutionE. The growth of strong centralized monarchies

1450-1750 Which of the following nations acquired territory in Asia in the 1700’s through the initiative of agents working for joint-stock companies?A. Great Britain and the NetherlandsB. Spain and the NetherlandsC. Great Britain and FranceD. Prussia and Austria-HungaryE. The Netherlands and France

1450-1750 The area of the African continent that was most significantly affected by the slave trade was:A. North AfricaB. East AfricaC. West AfricaD. South Africa

E. South-Central Africa

1450-1750 Which of the following were important trading cities along the East Coast of Africa?A. Kilwa, Gao, and TimbuktuB. Gao, Great Zimbabwe, and MongadishuC. Benin, Gao, and Great ZimbabweD. Timbuktu, Gao, and KokE. Kilwa, Mogadishu, and Sofala

1450-1750 The price revolution in Europe was the direct result of:A. mercantilismB. a combination of scarce goods and an increase in the gold and silver in circulationC. the growth of global trade in the 1500’s and 1600’sD. population growthE. joint-stock companies

1450-1750 Which of the following countries practiced indirect rule in governing its colonies in Africa?A. PortugalB. FranceC. GermanyD. Great BritainE. Belgium

1450-1750 The export of silver from the Americas led to all of these outcomes EXCEPT A) Inflation in western Europe B) payment for Spain’s religious and dynastic wars C) exchange of silver for Chinese luxuries Europeans desired D) the increasing impoverishment and bankruptcy of Spain E) the discouragement of foreign rivals and pirates

1450-1750 The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires possessed all of these shared characteristics EXCEPT A) all originated in Turkish nomadic cultures of the steppe B) all were Muslim-led C) all were based on conquest and the use of military technologies D) all began with absolutist rulers and efficient bureaucracies E) all ruled predominantly Muslim populations

1450-1750 The European slave trade out of Africa arose and expanded when A) Europeans began to supply Muslim slave markets in the Middle East B) Europe conquered the coasts of west Africa C) gold was discovered in Iberia, necessitating a greater number of laborers D) sugar plantations were established on the Atlantic islands and in the Americas E) Spain and Portugal launched their crusade against Muslim states in Africa

1450-1750 Generally, European leaders saw colonies as A) wastes of money and resources B) sources of raw minerals and potential markets

C) sources for cheap labor and slaves D) places to settle their excess populations E) military bases

1450-1750 The major development between 1450 and 1750 was the rise of A) the first truly global world trade network B) empires ruling transcontinental land masses C) mass migrations of people D) capitalism as the dominant economic ideology E) an almost instantaneous global communication network

1450-1750 The Columbian exchanges involved all of these global movements EXCEPT A) European diseases devastated the Americas B) American foodstuffs and crops spread around the world C) Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas D) Europeans transplanted their crops, animals, and economic systems to the Americas E) Indian populations were resettled to the Pacific islands and African lands

1450-1750 In Africa during the early modern period, Europeans A) controlled the slave trade B) settled widely in West Africa C) exported gold and raw materials D) started the slave trade E) had to negotiate with African kings who controlled the slave trade

1450-1750 Which of the following is most accurate of the Triangle trade? A) finished goods traveled from the Americas to Europe B) raw goods were transported from Europe to Africa C) slaves were transported from Africa to the New World, the New World sent raw materials to Europe, and Europe traded finished goods and guns to Africa D) slaves were traded to Europe from Africa, Europe traded guns with Africa, and raw materials were traded with Europe from the New World E) Spain traded silver from the New World with China, China traded finished goods with Europe, and Africa traded slaves for European goods

1450-1750 Under the doctrine of mercantilism, Spain and Portugal encouraged their Latin American colonies to A) permit foreign merchants to trade with the empires B) allow the free settlement of English colonies within the New World C) practice free trade D) buy manufactured goods only from the mother country E) become self-sufficient

1450-1750 Fundamental to the European acquisition of colonies between 1450-1750 was A) the superiority of European military technologies against the Muslim states B) the lack of immunity amongst world populations to European diseases C) European naval and maritime technologies D) lack of opposition E) European overpopulation, which allowed large armies and provided willing settlers

1450-1750 Renaissance humanism would have been most compatible with the values and ideas of which world belief system? A) Christianity

B) Buddhism C) Confucianism D) Hellenism E) Hinduism

1450-1750 One important goal of the Mughal leader Akbar was to reconcile differences between

A. Brahmin and Kshatriya castesB. Hindus and BuddhistsC. Bureaucrats and military leadersD. Muslims and HindusE. The vizier and the cavalry

1450-1750 In contrast to governments in Latin America, governments in 17th and 18th-century colonial North America were more likely to

A. Have fewer restrictions from the mother countryB. Include representation from AmerindiansC. Exclude participation by elite colonistsD. Set restrictions on land useE. Have centralized control of their subjects

1450-1750 In contrast to European cultural influences, Islamic cultural influences in Africa during the period from 1450 to 1750 were

A. Much more extensiveB. More extensive among ordinary people, but less important among elitesC. About the sameD. Much less extensiveE. Growing, whereas European cultural influences were declining

1450-1750 Which of the following is often referred to as a “Gunpowder Empire”?A. Persian EmpireB. Byzantine EmpireC. Ottoman EmpireD. Tang DynastyE. German Empire

1450-1750 Suleiman, Abbas I, and Akbar had which of the following in common?A. All were defeated by TimurB. All were Sunni MuslimsC. All successfully withstood Mongol attackD. All built great navies for their empiresE. All ruled at the peak of their empire’s power

1450-1750 During the era 1450 to 1750, Jesuit priests became active missionaries in all of the following places EXCEPT

A. North AmericaB. Latin AmericaC. RussiaD. ChinaE. Japan

1750-1914 The changes in social structure brought about by the French Revolution made possible the rising power of

A. The Catholic ChurchB. The nobilityC. The bureaucracyD. Napoleon BonaparteE. The monarchy

1750-1914 All of the following were important social consequences of the Industrial Revolution in industrialized countries EXCEPT

A. The formation of a “cult of domesticity” among working class womenB. The growth of the middle classC. A redefinition of the basis of wealthD. A separation of family life from the workplaceE. A deep distinction in social values between middle-class men and working-class men

1750-1914 “Each person, therefore, making a tenth part of forty-eight thousand pins might be considered as making four thousand eight hundred pins a day . . . But if they had wrought separately and independently, and without any of them being educated to this particular business, they certainly could not each of them have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day.”In the above excerpt from The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith is explaining the advantages of

A. A free-market economyB. SocialismC. Social class distinctionsD. Division of laborE. Factory-based work

1750-1914 Which of the following is true of both the French Revolution of 1789 and the Mexican Revolution of 1810-1811?

A. Both were initially led by Catholic priestsB. Both targeted the bourgeoisie as responsible for oppression of ordinary citizensC. Both ended in success that quickly brought stability to their nationsD. Neither relied heavily on military victories for their successE. Both were characterized by strong feelings of nationalism

1750-1914 “Take up the White Man’s burdenSend forth the best ye breed

Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives’ needs;

To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild

Your new-caught sullen peoples,Half devil and half child. . . . “

The excerpt from the above poem illustrates which of the following points of view about western societies?

A. Western societies have no reason to feel superior to less powerful societies in the world

B. Western societies have a responsibility to help less powerful societies in the worldC. Western societies are overburdened by expectations from less powerful societies, and

cannot take care of them allD. People in less powerful societies willingly imitate westerners, and it is the

responsibility of western societies to live up to those expectations

E. People in western societies should live in other parts of the world in order to understand people in less powerful societies

1750-1914 One important social effect of early industrialization was theA. Movement of many people in industrializing countries from urban to rural areasB. Rapid deforestation in European countriesC. The separation of home life from the workplaceD. The successful realization of the goals of women’s suffrage movements by the late

19th century in most industrialized countriesE. A shrinking number of middle class people in most industrializing countries

1750-1914 By the end of the 19th century the cotton industry in IndiaA. Had declined as demand for cotton weakened steadilyB. Grew as factories opened in IndiaC. Had been transformed by British factoriesD. Became a link in trade between Britain and ChinaE. Flourished as demand for handmade textiles soared

1750-1914 Which of the following countries in the Western Hemisphere did not experience a war for independence?

A. CanadaB. MexicoC. Gran ColombiaD. PeruE. Argentina

1750-1914 “It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world, so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it . . . in my opinion it is unnecessary and would be unwise to extend them.”

The quote above is excerpted fromA. Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations”B. “The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen”C. Charles Darwin’s “Origin of Species”D. The American Declaration of IndependenceE. George Washington’s Farewell Address

1750-1914 Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of events in chronological order from earliest to latest?

A. The Scramble for Africa, the invention of the steam engine. The colonization of IndiaB. The colonization of India, the Boxer Rebellion, the invention of the steam engineC. The invention of the steam engine, the colonization of India, the Scramble for AfricaD. The colonization of India, the development of textile factories in England, the fall of

the Qing EmpireE. The fall of the Qing Empire, the colonization of India, the development of textile

factories in England

1750-1914 In the early 19th century, Alexis de Tocqueville argued that a major reason why democracy was flourishing in America but floundering in France was the American emphasis on

A. EqualityB. Natural rights

C. Political stabilityD. IndividualismE. nationalism

1750-1914 Which country FIRST passed legislation to abolish the slave trade?A. BritainB. The United StatesC. FranceD. The NetherlandsE. Spain

1750-1914 The most important reason for the growth of the bourgeoisie and urban working classes in western Europe and the United States during the 19th century was

A. Successful political revolutionsB. Centralization of political powerC. The Industrial RevolutionD. Nautical inventionsE. The decline of the nobility

1750-1914 During the Industrial Revolution, rapid industrial growth led toA. More economic equalityB. A widening of the gap between the rich and the poorC. More wealth for entrepreneurs and land ownersD. A higher social status for farmersE. An increase in the social status of the nobility

1750-1914 During the 19th century urban areas grew most rapidly inA. The Middle EastB. East AsiaC. Sub-Saharan AfricaD. South AmericaE. Western Europe

1750-1914 During the 19th century, most governments and employers in industrialized nations viewed labor unions

A. As illegal because they restrained tradeB. With fear since they became very powerfulC. With respect because they were an important facet of the new industrial societyD. With indifference because they had little powerE. In different ways, with governments supporting them and employers opposing them

1750-1914 By the beginning of the 20th century, industrialization had spread from its origins in Britain to

A. The United States, China, and South AsiaB. Japan, China, and the United StatesC. Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan AfricaD. The United States, Japan, and EuropeE. Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia, and Japan

1750-1914 The abolition of the slave trade and slavery most affected the economy ofA. BritainB. Brazil

C. The United StatesD. PortugalE. South Africa

1750-1914 The late 19th-century event most directly responsible for spurring the development of the United States as an imperialist power was the

A. Civil WarB. Building of the Panama CanalC. Spanish American WarD. Invention of the cotton ginE. Migration of people from East to the West Coast

1750-1914 Which of the following countries was clearly stronger in 1914 than it had been in 1750?

A. The Ottoman EmpireB. JapanC. Qing ChinaD. KoreaE. Spain

1750-1914 What event(s) in Japanese history was most directly responsible for the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate?

A. The Russo-Japanese WarB. The Chinese invasion of JapanC. Famines of the mid-19th centuryD. The arrival of Matthew Perry’s shipsE. The Boxer Rebellion

1750-1914 Which of the following had a major political revolution in the early 20th century?A. China, Japan, and RussiaB. Mexico, Canada, and BrazilC. China, Russia, and MexicoD. Russia, Japan, and IndiaE. India, China, and Japan

1750-1914 “After twenty minutes’ sail from Kalai we came in sight, for the first time, of the columns of vapor, appropriately called ‘smoke’: rising at a distance of five or six miles, exactly as when large tracts of grass are burned in Africa. Five columns now arose, and, bending in the direction of the wind, they seemed placed against a low ridge covered with trees; the tops of the columns at this distance appeared to mingle with the clouds.”In the excerpt, Dr. Livingstone describes a great waterfall in

A. Northern AfricaB. Sub-Saharan AfricaC. The Arabian peninsulaD. The South American jungleE. Southeast Asia

1750-1914 “After twenty minutes’ sail from Kalai we came in sight, for the first time, of the columns of vapor, appropriately called ‘smoke’: rising at a distance of five or six miles, exactly as when large tracts of grass are burned in Africa. Five columns now arose, and, bending in the direction of the wind, they seemed placed against a low ridge covered with trees; the tops of the columns at this distance appeared to mingle with the clouds.”

Dr. Livingstone’s writing sparked some major changes during the 19th century, includingA. The conversion of many Muslims to ChristianityB. The Industrial RevolutionC. The Scramble for AfricaD. The eclipse of Portuguese powerE. The global democratization movement

1750-1914 In which of the following revolutions was a slave labor force the MOST important as a force for change?

A. The American RevolutionB. The French RevolutionC. The Haitian RevolutionD. Early 19th-century revolution in VenezuelaE. Early 19th-century revolution in Brazil

1750-1914 Italian and German unifications during the late 19th century were both inspired byA. ConservatismB. SocialismC. MarxismD. MercantilismE. nationalism

1750-1914 During the period from 1750-1914, which of the following movements for change was LEAST successful in reaching its goals?

A. The abolitionist movementB. Independence movements in Latin AmericaC. The abolition of absolute monarchy in FranceD. The women’s rights movementE. more political rights for the bourgeoisie

1750-1914 In which of the following areas did juntas play an important role in the success of revolutions during the period from 1750 to 1850?

I. Gran ColombiaII. FranceIII. ArgentinaIV. The United States

A. I and II onlyB. I and III onlyC. II and Iv onlyD. II, III, and IV onlyE. I, II, III, and IV

1750-1914 The enclosure movement in Britain most directly impacted the development of the Industrial Revolution by providing

A. Access to natural resourcesB. A ready labor supply for factories and businessesC. Political and economic support for entrepreneursD. Railroad transportation to shipping pointsE. Ready cash supplies for funding new industries

1750-1914 “. . . this poison has spread far and wide in all the provinces. You, I hope, will certainly agree that people who pursue material gains to the great detriment of the welfare of others can be neither tolerated by Heaven nor endured by men . . . . Heaven is furious with anger, and all the gods are moaning with pan.”The “poison” the Lin Zexu refers to in his 1838 letter to Queen Victoria excerpted above was

A. The plagueB. Toxic gasesC. OpiumD. Food from the AmericasE. lead

1750-1914

The marble boat pictured above was built in order toA. Reflect the historical naval supremacy of ChinaB. Warn the Japanese not to attack ChinaC. Show the engineering skills of those that constructed itD. Illustrate the Qing Dynasty’s disdain for western moneyE. Disguise the illegal opium trade going on in Canton

1750-1914 Which of the following is the MOST direct cause of the 19th century demographic transition in western countries?

A. The Columbian ExchangeB. Political revolutionsC. Growing emphasis on values that supported large familiesD. The Industrial RevolutionE. Growing number of immigrants coming into western countries

1750-1914

The map above shows the 19th century spread ofA. The Industrial RevolutionB. Liberalism as a political ideologyC. Availability of products from the Americas

D. Political control of the British EmpireE. communism

1750-1914 The set of cultural values called the “cult of domesticity” applied primarily toA. working class men in industrial societies B. lower class women in industrial societiesC. peasant families in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan AfricaD. landed nobility in east AsiaE. middle class women in industrialized societies

1750-1914 The Monroe Doctrine most clearly reflects the United States foreign policy ofA. laissez-faire capitalismB. isolationismC. internationalismD. mercantilismE. liberalism

1750-1914 (?) The political system set up in Canada in 1867 is best describes as a(n)A. self-governing political system still officially tied to BritainB. presidential system with strong economic ties to the United StatesC. British colony with some powers of self-governmentD. Independent country with most official ties to Britain severedE. Constitutional monarchy with many powers given to parliament

1750-1914 Which of the following is the best explanation for why personality politics were more important in shaping Latin America than in North America?

A. Most Latin American countries had parliamentary systems; North American countries had presidential systems

B. Stable political institutions were slower to develop in Latin America than in North America

C. More charismatic men came to leadership in Latin America than in North AmericaD. The rule of law was well in place in Latin America and was not very effective in

North AmericaE. Latin America did not set up legislatures; North American countries set up strong

legislatures

1750-1914 Which of the following characterized political systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia during the late 19th century?

A. They were almost all ruled by hereditary monarchsB. Most had established democraciesC. Most were authoritarian, but had legislatures that shared some powers with the chief

executiveD. Most were under colonial ruleE. They were characterized by weak central governments that tried to exert power over

fragmented groups

1750-1914 One characteristic that the American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen had in common was that both

A. Emphasized liberty more than equalityB. Denounced nationalismC. Affirmed the natural rights of citizensD. Affirmed the rights of hereditary monarchs

E. Endorsed equal rights for women

The “Young Turks” were motivated to form and take action by their belief inA. A religious state in TurkeyB. Turkish nationalismC. The need to restore the power of the Ottoman sultanD. Turkey’s need to join the European UnionE. Non-violent resistance to European domination

1750-1914 “Slavery was not born of racism; rather, racism was the consequence of slavery.”The statement above supports the explanation that slavery and emancipation hadA. Ideological roots that led to economic consequencesB. Economic roots that had ideological consequencesC. Roots in both ideology and economic interestsD. Little impact on the nature of racismE. Motives that were neither economic nor ideological

1750-1914

The main reason that the country of Siam on the map above was NOT claimed by an imperialist power is that

A. The king of Siam effectively resisted imperialist controlB. The English and French agreed to leave it as a “buffer Zone”C. It was protected by the JapaneseD. It had established a formal alliance with IndiaE. Its control of trade in the region was too well established to allow for an imperialist

takeover

1750-1914 Which of the following did the Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire and the Boxers in the Qing Empire have in common?

A. Both believed their empires would be better off if they became more dependent on western powers

B. Both supported their emperors in the struggle to maintain power in the face of western aggression

C. Both believed that conflicts among regional lords were the biggest threats that their empire faced

D. Both were nationalist groups that sought to keep their nation’s identity in the waning days of the empire

E. Both organized against nationalist groups who wanted to replace the emperors with republican governments

1750-1914 A significant social reform that took place in Russia during the 19th century was the

A. Emancipation of serfsB. Large-scale redistribution of land to peasantsC. Recognition of political rights of the bourgeoisieD. Recognition of women’s suffrage rightsE. Restriction of the rights of nobility to claim hereditary lands

1750-1914

The map shows that colonized areas in Africa in 1870 were primarilyA. Controlled by the PortugueseB. Controlled by the FrenchC. Located along coastal areasD. Challenged by native AfricansE. Weak and ineffective

1750-1914

A map of Africa 30 years later (1900) would differ from the map above in that it would show

A. Many more areas of Africa controlled by European powersB. Fewer British possessions and more French possessionsC. Almost no areas of Africa controlled by European powersD. Many areas controlled by JapanE. More Portuguese possessions and fewer French-controlled areas

1750-1914 “The transformation of the country was complete, involving dramatic economic, political, social, cultural, and educational changes, and the program was imposed from the top rung of government – the oligarchs.”The statement above accurately describes late 19th-century

A. Ottoman EmpireB. ChinaC. JapanD. RussiaE. Germany

1750-1914 The most important incentive for the “scramble” of European countries to colonize areas of central and south Africa during the late 19th century was the

A. Desire to control sea-based trade between Europe and the Indian Ocean BasinB. Discovery of diamond and gold depositsC. Wish to convert African natives to ChristianityD. Aggressive attempts by the Japanese to colonize AfricaE. Search for new agricultural lands for their growing populations

1750-1914 Which of the following is not an accurate comparison of the Japanese and Russian reforms of the late nineteenth century?A. Both countries initiated reform of the militaryB. Business leaders became an important part of the power structure of both

countriesC. Both governments were reorganized to share power with lesser councilsD. The governments of both nations recognized the importance of fostering

industrializationE. Former serfs in Russia and displaced samurai in Japan in general suffered from

the reforms

1750-1914 Which of the following statements describes the major difference between the way Brazil achieved independence and the way other states of Latin America became independent?A. Brazil did not end its colonial status until late in the nineteenth century, whereas the Spanish states had all achieved independence by mid-centuryB. Creoles incited and led slave rebellions in Mexico and Brazil, but mestizos led

them in the other Spanish colonies in Latin AmericaC. Brazil became a monarchy, whereas the Spanish states became republicsD. Slaves led uprisings in Brazil and in Haiti but not in the Spanish empire’s

holdingsE. The other nations had to fight for their independence, but Brazil under the prince

regent simply declared its independence

1750-1914 Which of the following groups of nations competed for colonial empires in Africa in the last half of the nineteenth century?A. Germany, Belgium, and the United StatesB. France, Italy, and the NetherlandsC. Germany, Belgium, and Great BritainD. Spain, Great Britain, and JapanE. Japan, Portugal, and Germany

1750-1914 How did the West influence the overthrow of both the Ottoman Empire and the Qing dynasty?

A. Direct military intervention by the West resulted in the collapse of the governmentsB. Western political ideas motivated younger men intent on reform to seize the

governmentsC. Western support of the opium trade had severe negative consequences on the local

economies, thus weakening the structure that supported the empiresD. Neither empire had a strong cultural or religious center and thus was easily

attracted to western ideasE. Both empires had a strong tradition of the people overthrowing rulers whom they

no longer considered governing in their best interests

1750-1914 Which of the following statements best describes the similarities between the economies of the African continent and Latin America in the latter part of the nineteenth century?A. The economies of both the African colonies and Latin American nations depended on exportsB. Both areas were distracted by internal conflictsC. Latin Americans and Africans resisted the intervention of foreign capitalists who

wanted to invest in industrial developmentD. African colonies and Latin American nations both had middle classes that

supported industrial developmentE. Neither area had developed an infrastructure to transport goods and raw materials

quickly and over great differences

1750-1914 The unification of which two nations in the nineteenth century ended the centralization of power begun in Europe in the Middle Ages?A. Germany and SpainB. Italy and SpainC. Russia and AustriaD. Germany and ItalyE. Germany and Austria

1750-1914 Western European foreign policy in the late 1800’s was characterized by:A. Pan-Slavism, colonialism, and an arms raceB. détente, colonialism, and an arms raceC. imperialism, militarism, and deterrenceD. an arms race, imperialism, and a series of alliancesE. containment, détente, and the domino theory

1750-1914 The major significance of the Boxer Uprising was:A. the halt it brought to Chinese reform effortsB. the division of China by European powers into spheres of influenceC. the increased intervention of European powers in Chinese affairsD. the campaign against Christians that occurred in the aftermath of the uprisingE. the United States’ drafting of the Open Door Policy

1750-1914 All of the following are causes of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT:A. population growth

B. urbanizationC. enclosure movementD. the development of new sources of energyE. the agricultural revolution

1750-1914 “The main conclusion here arrived at, and how held by many naturalists who are well competent to form a sound judgment, is that man is descended from some less highly organized form.”Which of the following wrote these words?A. MontesquieuB. Charles DarwinC. Thomas MalthusD. Andrew CarnegieE. John Locke

1750-1914 Which of the following men was the first to state that history was “the history of class struggles”?A. Mao ZedongB. MarchiavelliC. Cardinal RichelieuD. MarxE. Lenin

1750-1914 All of the following are characteristic of Japan under the Meiji Restoration EXCEPT:A. the rise of the zaibatsuB. the revocation of the special status afforded the samuraiC. modernization of the bureaucracyD. shift of population from the agricultural countryside to urban industrial centersE. equal rights for women

1750-1914 Which of the following was a major difference between industrialization in Japan and in Great Britain?A. Japanese workers were paid comparatively well, unlike British workersB. Japan and Great Britain had extensive railway systems to transport goodsC. The Japanese were more technologically advanced than the British and exported

machinery to the WestD. The Japanese government played a far larger role in the development of

industrialization and the infrastructure to support it than did the British government

E. Great Britain had to import coal to fuel its industries, whereas Japan had large reserves

1750-1914 “Then the world will enter upon a new stage of its history – the final competition of races, for which the Anglo-Saxon is being schooled. Long before the thousand millions are here, the mighty centrifugal tendency, inherent in this stock and strengthened in the United States, will assert itself…(and) spread itself over the earth.”The author of these words was an advocate of which of the following principles?A. “Big stick” policy

B. ImperialismC. AbsolutismD. Gunboat diplomacyE. Dollar diplomacy

1750-1914 “It is the object of that system to enrich a great nation rather by trade and manufactures than by the improvement and cultivation of land, rather by the industry of the towns than by that of the country.”In this quotation from the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith is referring to which system?A. Factory systemB. IndustrializationC. MercantilismD. Monetary systemE. Capitalism

1750-1914 Which of the following is the most accurate description of the effect of the Industrial Revolution on European society?A. All classes were better off than they had been before industrializationB. The wealthy were the only class to profit from the Industrial RevolutionC. The middle class grew in size, while the number of poor and upper-class

Europeans remained constantD. Class and wealth distinctions in Europe remained as they had been the eighteenth

century before the Industrial RevolutionE. The poor became poorer, while the middle and the upper classes prospered

1750-1914 The demographic transition of 1750-1914 included all of these characteristics EXCEPT A) declining birthrates in industrial nations B) decreased death rates due to public health measures C) the spread of new food plants around the world D) Europe’s percentage of the total world population declined E) high birthrates in Africa, Latin America, and Asia

1750-1914 The older European loyalty to the Church and God was often replaced after the French Revolution by A) devotion to the Pope B) support of the king and national rulers C) allegiance to local leaders D) nationalism and loyalty to the nation-state E) allegiance to strong military leaders

1750-1914 The most likely reason for the success of European colonial acquisitions during the 19th century would be A) the enthusiasm by European Christian clergy to convert the “heathens” B) superior European military and transportation technologies C) the epidemic amongst most native populations that preceded European arrival D) the lack of resistance to the Europeans E) the successes in European agricultural technologies

1750-1914 Which of the following was an accurate comparison between the French and the 1911 Chinese Revolutions?

A) both brought an end to the ruling dynasty B) the Chinese had a greater impact globally than the French C) both were non-violent D) both used Marxist doctrine E) both were started by the peasant class

1750-1914 Japan avoided the fates of the Qing China and Ottoman Empire by A) closing its country to foreign influence B) accepting the U.S. as a protector to balance European influence C) defeating American, British, and other European expeditions to Japan D) modernization, selective westernization, and industrialization E) relying on its samurai, bushido, and Shinto traditions

1750-1914 How were the Industrial Revolution and imperialism related? A) the Industrial Revolution sparked a greater need for cheap raw materials B) it spread industrialism to colonized regions C) colonies were primarily taken in Oceania as Africa had few natural resources D) environmental conservation techniques were shared with colonized lands E) worldwide literacy increased dramatically

1750-1914 The region that resisted European penetration from 1450 to 1750, but was ultimately carved up into colonies in the 1800s was A) Africa B) South America C) North America D) east Asia E) south Asia

1750-1914 Which statement is most accurate regarding the worldwide influence of the American Revolution and early American government? A) The Americans abolished slavery and help enforce the ban on slave trade. B) The American government modeled its Constitution after France. C) Americans adopted mercantilism and established tariffs against European nations. D) Americans received no support from Europe in their struggle for independence. E) The American Revolution inspired the French.

1750-1914 In the last decades of the 19th century, the Chinese and Ottoman inability to reform or modernize was largely due to A) foreign pressures not to modernize at all B) constant rebellions and peasant revolts C) the lack of a prosperous merchant class D) elites, who would do nothing to limit their authority E) the lack of an educated elite willing to lead or propose reforms

1750-1914 Which of these statements is most accurate about the policies of the Meiji restoration? A) political power was centralized and the emperor’s authority restored B) feudalism was retained, although it was limited C) the samurai retained some of its rights and privileges D) the samurai and educated Confucian elite staffed the state bureaucracy E) the Diet obtained rights and powers similar to the British parliament

1750-1914 Leaders of Latin American independence revolts were generally A) monarchists who wanted monarchs to govern their states B) radicals who supported the ideas of the French Jacobins C) moderates who wanted some democratic institutions but feared the masses D) liberals who wanted universal male suffrage E) conservative republicans who favored the church and rich landowners

1750-1914 Brazil’s independence differed from the rest of Latin America in that it was A) the result of a successful slave rebellion B) not supported by the locally-born European population C) much earlier than the other Latin American revolutions D) declared and led by the Portuguese regent in Brazil, who became emperor E) extremely violent with conflicting armies led by different factions

1750-1914 Russia’s 19th-century underdevelopment was most dramatically revealed by A) the French Revolution’s impact on Russia B) Napoleon’s invasion of Russia, which nearly succeeded C) the 1825 Decembrist Revolution D) The Crimean War E) the Russo-Japanese War

1750-1914 The nation which threatened Japanese colonial aspirations most in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was A) Great Britain B) Russia C) China D) Korea E) the United States

1750-1914 The group that opposed most internal Ottoman reforms in the 19th century was the A) university-led students B) Christians C) merchants D) peasants E) ruling religious, political, and social elites

1750-1914 “History shows me one way, and one way only, in which a high state of civilization has been produced, namely, the struggle of race, and the survival of the physically and mentally fitter race.” This statement was most likely made by A) a Marxist B) a Social Darwinist C) a capitalist D) a follower of the Romantic movement E) a fundamentalist

1750-1914 All of the following were factors in the clear decline of the Ottoman Empire between the early 18th century and the late 19th century EXCEPT

A. Internal family squabbles within the sultan’s householdB. Loss of central power to provincial governorsC. Excessive risk-taking on the part of the sultans

D. An increasingly technological and aggressive WestE. Restrictions by shari’a law

1750-1914 The Opium War of 1839-1842 resulted inA. Unequal treaties between Britain and ChinaB. The fall of the Qing DynastyC. The colonization of ChinaD. An increase in Japanese powerE. The recall of McCartney’s expedition

1750-1914 A direct result of the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 wasA. French claims in India collapsedB. Ultimate control of India passed to the British East India CompanyC. Britain recognized nationalist demands in IndiaD. India became a British colonyE. Muslim protests were banned in India

1914-PRES One similarity between World War I and World War II was that both wars wereA. Total warsB. Fought in giant arenas in the Pacific Ocean and in EuropeC. Fought almost exclusively by EuropeansD. Characterized mainly by trench warfareE. Fought primarily with mercenary soldiers

1914-PRES One difference between the organization of the League of Nations and the organization of the United Nations was that

A. The United Nations has a mandate system; the League did notB. Powerful countries had more control over the decisions of the League of NationsC. More countries belonged to the League than to the United NationsD. The principle of self-determination is more important to the United Nations than it

was to the LeagueE. The United Nations does not require unanimous decisions; the League of Nations did

1914-PRES Which of the following was NOT a communist?A. Mao ZedongB. Vladimir LeninC. Joseph StalinD. Deng XiaopingE. Chiang Kai-shek

1914-PRES “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”The “outside pressures” in this quote from the Truman Doctrine referred to

A. GermanyB. JapanC. The Soviet UnionD. ChinaE. The United States

1914-PRES A major obstacle for the political and economic success of new nations in Africa during the late 20th and early 21st centuries has been

A. The desire by many Africans to reestablish colonial connections

B. Tribal rivalries within and between countriesC. The lack of interest Britain and France have taken in their former coloniesD. The unwillingness of developed countries to include them in international trade

networksE. Their exclusion from membership in the United Nations

1914-PRES The building of the Panama Canal generally impacted the relationship between the United States and Latin American countries by

A. Increasing positive international interactionsB. Increasing tensionsC. Making international interactions less importantD. Creating the basis for regional supranational organizationsE. Increasing the power of Latin American countries

1914-PRES To bring political knowledge to the workers the Social Democrats [Bolsheviks] must go among all classes of the population; they must dispatch units of their army in all directions . . . for it is not enough to call ourselves the vanguard, the advanced contingent; we must act in such a way that all the other contingents recognize and are obliged to admit that we are marching in the vanguard.”The author of the quote is

A. Vladimir LeninB. Karl MarxC. Otto von BismarckD. Napoleon BonaparteE. Herbert Spencer

1914-PRES To bring political knowledge to the workers the Social Democrats [Bolsheviks] must go among all classes of the population; they must dispatch units of their army in all directions . . . for it is not enough to call ourselves the vanguard, the advanced contingent; we must act in such a way that all the other contingents recognize and are obliged to admit that we are marching in the vanguard.”The reasoning in the quote represents a significant revision in the theory of

A. ConservatismB. LiberalismC. FascismD. CommunismE. Mercantilism

1914-PRES Which of the following was a major goal of Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution in China?

A. To increase free market investments in ChinaB. To promote the competitiveness of Chinese universitiesC. To strengthen the scholar-bureaucracyD. To purify the country to meet his revolutionary goalsE. To discourage population growth

1914-PRES The development of Nelson Mandela’s political philosophy was shaped by hisA. Experience with apartheidB. High regard for Franklin RooseveltC. Success in gaining a high political position at a young ageD. Study of the works of Karl Marx

E. Admiration of colonial governments

1914-PRES The main reason for the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement was to provide support in Mexico, the United States, and Canada for

A. The development of a common currencyB. A more uniform pricing of products and wages for laborC. A reduction in tariffs and trade restrictionsD. A more intense trade with EuropeE. The economic unification of the Western Hemisphere

1914-PRES Mikhail Gorbachev and Deng Xiaoping, leaders of Russia and China respectively in the late 20th century, had which of the following in common?

A. Both renounced communist ruleB. Both led movements that promoted ideological purificationC. Both led military revolutions against their governmentsD. Both lost control of their governments amidst opposition of their policiesE. Both were reformers that supported an infusion of capitalism into their command

economies

1914-PRES One cultural consequence of World War I in Europe and the United States was that it

A. Stimulated a world-wide depressionB. Loosened social restrictions in many urban areasC. Led to restrictions on the activities of womenD. Encouraged an emphasis on spiritual valuesE. Narrowed the rift between urban and rural lifestyles

1914-PRES “What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation, which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression. All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest, and for our part we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us.”The excerpt above from Woodrow Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” explains his belief in the principle of

A. Self-determinationB. AppeasementC. IsolationismD. ContainmentE. preemption

1914-PRES Which of the following is an accurate description of Japan’s participation in World War II?

A. Japan was neutral during both warsB. Japan was neutral during WWI and joined the Axis powers during WWIIC. Japan joined the Central powers during WWI and stayed neutral during WWIID. Japan joined the Central powers during WWI and the Axis powers during WWIIE. Japan joined the Allied powers during WWI and the Axis powers during WWII

1914-PRES Which of the following was NOT an agreement made at the Versailles Conference after World War I?

A. The sole blame for the war was placed on German aggressionB. Germany lost territory to the AlliesC. Germany lost colonial possessions to the mandate systemD. The United States became the founding member of the League of NationsE. The size of the German military was restricted

1914-PRES In the post-WWI period, the nation the most international capital for other countries to borrow was

A. BritainB. FranceC. The United StatesD. JapanE. Germany

1914-PRES Two factors that most directly influenced the rise of 20th century fascism wereA. Economic depression and communismB. The collapse of imperialism and self-determinationC. The rise of the United States and the rise of JapanD. Decolonization and democratizationE. Globalization and fragmentation

1914-PRES The overall atmosphere at the WWII conferences at Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam was most characterized by

A. The joy of victory over the Axis powersB. Tensions between the Soviet Union on one side and the U.S. and Britain on the otherC. Plans to form the United NationsD. Fear that Nazism would take over the Allied countries in the post-war eraE. Trust and cooperation among the major Allied countries

1914-PRES The “Iron Curtain” speech defined politics at the beginning ofA. World War IB. World War IIC. The Cold WarD. The Vietnam WarE. The post-Cold War era

1914-PRES Which of the following statements accurately compares Mao Zedong to Deng Xiaoping?

A. Mao was a communist; Deng Xiaopeng was notB. Mao wished to keep capitalism out of China; Deng supported a gradual infusion of

capitalismC. Mao led China before it became the People’s Republic of China; Deng was a leader

of the People’s Republic of ChinaD. Mao supported a directly elected legislature for China; Deng Xiaopeng did notE. Neither Mao nor Deng supported contact nor trade with western countries

1914-PRES In Turkey, the policies of Mustapha Kemal (Ataturk) created a deep divide between

A. Sunnis and Shi’aB. The bureaucracy and the militaryC. Islamic law and secularismD. The western and eastern parts of the country

E. The young and the old

1914-PRES In Iran the Revolution of 1979 brought a government into power that emphasizedA. SecularismB. Islamic fundamentalismC. International tradeD. Democratic political institutionsE. The power of the Shah

1914-PRES All of the following were left-leaning political leaders in Latin America EXCEPT:

A. Augusto PinochetB. Fidel CastroC. Che GuevaraD. Salvador AllendeE. Lazaro Cardenas

1914-PRES Fascism, decolonization, racism, genocide, and the breakup of the Soviet Union are all 20th-century examples of

A. GlobalizationB. FragmentationC. SupranationalismD. Social reformE. Nationalism

1914-PRES The 20th-century human rights movement differed from many earlier social reform movements in that it has attempted to

A. Limit individual rights to industrialized nationsB. Emphasize rights of people in countries at warC. Work exclusively through national governmentsD. Focus especially on racial discriminationE. Universalize individual rights to apply to all human beings

1914-PRES The basis for social class distinctions in post-modern times is more likely than in earlier times to be

A. LandB. KnowledgeC. Political statusD. MoneyE. Gender

1914-PRES A “mixed economy” is one thatA. Is growing in some areas but shrinking in othersB. Mixes elements of command and market economiesC. Is market-based but is regulated by the governmentD. Experiences marketization but not privatizationE. Combines both international and domestic trade

1914-PRES The policy of glasnost proved to be a dangerous policy for the Soviet Union because it

A. Encouraged open discussion and criticism of the governmentB. Democratized the institutions of government

C. Infused capital into the economyD. Allowed for emigration to other countriesE. Allowed the military to have policy-making power

1914-PRES According to dependency theory, a country’s greatest barrier to economic development is usually

A. Lack of educational opportunities for ordinary citizensB. TraditionC. High levels of corruption among political leadersD. Exploitation by more developed countriesE. A weak infrastructure to support economic activities

1914-PRES After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Mao Zedong based his first model for economic development most closely on the model provided byA. TaiwanB. JapanC. The Soviet UnionD. The Qing DynastyE. India

1914-PRES After independence in 1947, South Asia was partitioned into different countries based primarily on

A. Natural geographic boundariesB. Economic developmentC. Political differencesD. Religious identitiesE. Language groups

1914-PRES Which of the following was NOT established as a communist country during the 20th century?

A. People’s Republic of ChinaB. CubaC. U.S.S.R.D. BrazilE. Vietnam

1914-PRES In the years just prior to WWI the spirit of nationalism that inspired many people in eastern Europe to fight for their independence expressed itself as

A. Self-determinationB. Entangling alliancesC. ProtectionismD. AppeasementE. containment

1914-PRSE “All of the great civilizations of the past died out because contamination of their blood caused them to become decadent . . . . In other words, in order to protect a certain culture, the type of human who created the culture must be preserved. But such preservation is tied to the inalterable law of the necessity and right of victory of the best and the strongest . . . .”The philosophy expressed in this excerpt was used to justify the

A. urge of kulaksB. Russian Revolution of 1917C. Independence movements of the 1950s and 1960s

D. HolocaustE. Use of the atomic bomb in 1945

1914-PRSE Passive resistance is a method employed in a 20th-century independence movement by

A. Ho Chi MinhB. Mohandas GandhiC. Gamel Abdel NasserD. Fidel CastroE. Salvador Allende

1914-PRES Which of the following is the BEST single reason why women in many western nations were granted suffrage rights in 1918 and the years that followed?

A. The election of large numbers of women to legislaturesB. The defeat of authoritarian governments during WWIC. The large number of women who worked in traditional male jobs during WWID. The growing influence of socialismE. The conscription of women into the armed forces during WWI

1914-PRES “His Majesty’s Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of that object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine.”The government that is making promises in the above document is

A. FranceB. RussiaC. IranD. ChinaE. Britain

1914-PRES “His Majesty’s Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of that object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine.”Although the promises were not immediately kept, they eventually resulted in the establishment of

A. PalestineB. IsraelC. LebanonD. SyriaE. Iraq

1914-PRES The provisions of the Versailles treaty that followed WWI treated eastern Europe and the Middle East differently in that

A. Eastern European countries were made mandates of the League of Nations, but most of the areas in the Middle East were kept as colonies

B. New eastern European countries were created based on the principle of self-determination, but all Middle Eastern countries were designated as mandates

C. Eastern European ethnic groups were kept under the control of large empires, but Middle Eastern countries were split up based on ethnicities

D. Countries in both areas were governed under the mandate system, but eastern European nationalities had more hope of someday becoming independent countries

E. New eastern European countries were created based on the principle of self-determination, but Middle Eastern nationalities either had to struggle for their independence or was designated as mandates

1914-PRES The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Chinese regime change in 1949 both resulted in the

A. Creation of a communist stateB. Restoration of a hereditary monarchyC. Purification of an existing dominant ideologyD. Transfer of power to leaders from other countriesE. Almost immediate improvement in the countries’ economies

1914-PRES After World War II, the hegemony of western Europe was broken and replaced byA. Hegemony of supranational organizationsB. Hegemony of Japan and ChinaC. Competition between Russia and countries of the Middle East for controlD. Competition between the U.S. and the Soviet UnionE. Cooperative hegemony of the United States and Great Britain

1914-PRES One important impact of WWII on the African continent wasA. Colonization by European powersB. A substantial reduction in overall populationC. The establishment of many new communist countriesD. DecolonizationE. The strengthening of national militaries

1914-PRES Which of the following 20th-century ideologies was directly supportive of equality between men and women?

A. CommunismB. FascismC. Self-determinationD. ProtectionismE. Appeasement

1914-PRES Which of the following countries was LEAST negatively impacted by the Great Depression?

A. GermanyB. The United StatesC. FranceD. MexicoE. The U.S.S.R.

1914-PRES Which of the following is the BEST description of political trends in the era between WWI and WWII?

A. Many more countries became democraticB. A number of political systems in industrialized nations became decidedly more

authoritarianC. Communist social movements weakened considerablyD. Many countries returned to rule by hereditary monarchiesE. The international influence of European imperialist powers increased significantly

1914-PRES World War II was different from the previous wars because itA. Was the first total warB. Made use of limited warfareC. Was fought primarily in trenchesD. Blurred the distinction between military and civilianE. Was the first to use machine gun and tank technology

1914-PRES The Truman Doctrine was an expression of the U.S. foreign policy ofA. IsolationismB. ContainmentC. DétenteD. PreemptionE. appeasement

1914-PRES In 1978 Deng Xiaoping began a gradual but dramatic change in China by introducing

A. communismB. the Great Leap ForwardC. the socialist market economyD. the Cultural RevolutionE. military rule

1914-PRES

What did all of the areas north and east of the heavy black line have in common between 1917 and 1991?

A. They were all part of the Soviet UnionB. They were all part of the Commonwealth of Independent StatesC. They were separated from countries on the other side of the line by the Iron CurtainD. They all shared a common majority ethnicityE. The Russian Orthodox Church was the official religion in all areas

1914-PRES Which of the following was an important difference between 20th-century nationalist movements in China and India?

A. China’s nationalism was more focused on equity for ordinary peasantsB. India’s leaders put more emphasis on the use of violence to achieve their goalsC. India’s leaders rejected capitalism; China’s leaders did notD. China’s government was more centralized than India’s especially during the early

part of the centuryE. Communism was a central feature of China’s struggles but not for nationalist

assertions in India

1914-PRES Which of the following countries in Africa received its independence BEFORE the post-WWII decolonization period?

A. Libya

B. NigeriaC. EgyptD. KenyaE. Ghana

1914-PRES Which of the following did Latin American countries have in common with Third World countries of Asia and Africa during the mid-to-late 20th century?

A. European countries and the United States had few investments in any of these areasB. All experienced successful democratization movementsC. Elites in all places were often in close contact with capitalist countriesD. Most has authoritarian governments led by elitesE. All areas experienced rapid decolonization

1914-PRES Which of the following areas in the world was LEAST impacted by the Green Revolution of the late 20th century?

A. ChinaB. Southeast AsiaC. The Middle EastD. Latin AmericaE. Sub-Saharan Africa

1914-PRES

1914-PRES All of the following were results of World War II EXCEPT:A. the loss of colonial empires by European nationsB. the creation of new states in EuropeC. Japan’s adoption of a democratic constitutionD. The positioning of the United States as a world powerE. The adoption of the United Nations charter

1914-PRES “Perestroika is an urgent necessity arising from the profound processes of development in our socialist society. This society is ripe for change.”

Which of the following spoke the words above?K. Adolph HitlerB. LeninC. Karl MarxD. Boris YeltsinE. Mikhail Gorbachev

1914-PRES All of these factors contributed to the severity of the Great Depression EXCEPT:A. the reparations demanded of Germany after World War IB. the Stock Market Crash in the United StatesC. agricultural underproductionD. protective tariffsE. unemployment

1914-PRES After World War II, the influence and power of which world region declined?A. United StatesB. Soviet Union

C. AsiaD. Western EuropeE. Africa

1914-PRES Which of the following statements most accurately describes why the United States and other European nations did not stop Hitler before a war could begin?

A. None of the countries had the money or resources after the Great Depression to arm themselves should Hitler fight backB. These nations were still trying to revive from the Great Depression and paid little attention to HitlerC. These nations were reluctant to make munitions makers any wealthier by

rearmingD. The United States adopted a policy of isolation after World War I and determined

to let Europe deal with its own problemsE. Appalled by the destructiveness of modern war, these nations were reluctant to

engage in actions that might bring about another war

1914- PRES Which of the following is the most accurate description of the fundamental difference that lay behind what Woodrow Wilson expected from the treaty ending World War I and what the Allies wanted?

A. The Allies wanted reparations from Germany, and Wilson Opposed themB. Establishment of the League of Nations was of less importance to Wilson than it

was to the British and French representatives to VersaillesC. Wilson wanted autonomy and independence for various eastern European nations

affected by the war, whereas the Allies had secretly agreed during the war to divide up these territories when they won the war

D. Wilson wanted a peace that would not lead to another war, whereas the Allies wanted revenge

E. Wilson was hampered by the need to negotiate a treaty that would pass the Senate, whereas the Allies had no political concerns

1914-PRES All of the following statements are true about the status of women in developing nations EXCEPT:

A. the rights and freedom of action of women in nations that have become fundamentalist Islamic states have declinedB. women in developing nations have lower life expectancy rates than women in

industrialized nationsC. in general, while higher education may be open to all women, it is only women of

the upper class in developing nations who are able to attendD. most women in developing nations spend their time in child care and providing

for their familiesE. women readily take advantage of newly gained legal and civil rights in these

nations

1914-PRES Which of the following is the most accurate description of the world economy in the late twentieth century?

A. The decolonization of the African continent made little difference in who was in chargeB. The West – now Europe and the United States-continues to dominate world trade,

as it has done since the globalization of the economy in the 1500’sC. Latin American nations moved from the statues of dependent economies to equal

partners in the world trading arena

D. Japan has taken on a major role in the world economyE. GATT has poured billions of dollars into the economies of various nations to

shore up their national governments

1914-PRES Which of the following is the most accurate description of twentieth-century revolutions?

A. Revolutions in the twentieth century generally resulted from movements to restore power to the traditional ruling eliteB. Twentieth-century revolutions were generally based on some ideal, such as

nationalism or communismC. By the end of the century, the movement known as Islamic fundamentalism had

become the predominant force for change in Southwest Asia and South AsiaD. The Mexican Revolution is an example of a revolutionary action taken by

peasants against the wealthy, especially large landownersE. The Cuban revolution was atypical of twentieth-century revolutions in that it

sought to replace one autocratic ruler with another

1914-PRES Which of the following problems that Latin American nations face today has its roots in colonial times?

A. Population explosionB. Uneven distribution of wealthC. UrbanizationD. Lack of natural resourcesE. Hostile natural environment

1914-PRES How did Stalin’s view of Communism differ from that of Lenin? A) Lenin was only interested in the Russian Revolution and did not visualize any further revolutionary process B) Lenin was more interested in including a broad swath of the Russian population in the Communist movement C) Stalin concentrated on a strongly nationalist version of Communism D) Stalin was not a member of the Communist party E) their views did not differ

1914-PRES All of the following are similarities between Nazi Germany and China under Mao EXCEPT A) they both targeted youth B) they strongly appealed to nationalistic sentiments C) they used scapegoating of certain groups D) both leaders portrayed themselves as the embodiment of the state E) they both used organized religion to unify the people

1914-PRES All of these themes are typical of the 20th century in world history EXCEPT A) increased national sentiment B) increased religious revivalism C) rapid and fundamental changes D) increasing cross-cultural contacts and connections E) continuing dominance of the world by western powers

1914-PRES After WWII, the increase in the internationalism was best represented by A) the rise to prominence of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. B) the victory of the communists in the China Civil War

C) the United Nations and its organizations and activities D) the willing breakup of the colonial empires by the European powers E) the U.S.’s end of its isolationism in international affairs

1914-PRES The chief stimulus for the collapse of western colonial rule and influence in the Pacific rim was A) due to the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War in 1949 B) due to the British grant of independence to India in 1947 C) caused by the initial Japanese defeat of the western colonial powers D) the American insistence during WWII that Europe grant its colonies independence E) the Russian invasion of Asian colonial territories during WWII

1914-PRES The major Latin American social or cultural change between 1914 and 1945 was A) the rise of a politically-influential middle class and activist worker movements B) the increasing “Indianization” of Latin American countries and cultures C) the enfranchisement of minorities and women D) the immigration of millions of Africans to Latin America E) the spread of Pentecostal Christians throughout Latin America

1914-PRES Throughout 20th century Latin America, the people most often excluded from influence or socially marginalized were the A) intellectuals, especially writers and artists B) clergy, especially Roman Catholic priests and nuns C) indigenous peoples and descendants of African slaves D) peasants and rural landowners E) workers and miners

1914-PRES Most problems affecting modern states in postcolonial Africa and Asia can be traced to A) overpopulation B) industrialization C) continuing neo-colonialism D) linguistic, cultural and religious differences E) international warfare

1914-PRES India differs from other ex-colonial 20th century nations such as Pakistan, Egypt, Burma, and Nigeria in that A) its army constantly intervenes in national politics B) it has avoided overpopulation C) it preserved civilian and democratic rule of law since independence D) it has failed to develop an important industrial and business sector E) it has avoided sectarian religious strife

1914-PRES The peace settlements after WWI angered Arabs because A) the Ottoman Empire gained power B) various Arab lands were put under European control C) Arab nationalism was outlawed D) Theodore Herzl was made ruler of Palestine E) Israel was created

1914-PRES What best describes new social patterns brought by globalization? A) migration between rich and poor countries has increased

B) international migration has emerged for the first time C) globally, gaps between the rich and the poor seem to be closing D) declining birth rates in developing nations have left them at a disadvantage E) low birth rate countries have encouraged immigration

1914-PRES The earliest result of World War I was the A) rise of the United States as a great power B) beginning of European decolonization C) rise of Japan to great power status D) Great Depression E) collapse of all European empires

1914-PRES Which list of revolutions is in the correct order? A) Iranian, French, Russian, Mexican, Communist China B) Communist China, Russian, Iranian, French, Mexican C) French, Russian, Communist China, Iranian, Mexican D) French, Mexican, Russian, Communist China, Iranian E) Russian, Mexican, French, Communist China, Iranian

1914-PRES Religious fundamentalism is always A) Muslim B) accompanied by suppression of opposing religious groups C) Christian D) Hindu E) an attempt to return to primary texts or traditions

1914-PRES Postwar Korean development has been largely determined by the A) occupation of the country by China and the Soviet Union B) division of the peninsula between pro-Soviet and pro-capitalist states C) long and autocratic rule by the Korean king D) extreme hunger and poverty of the Korean peoples E) devastation caused by World War II

ALL Which of the following was a major problem that led to the decline of both the Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire?

A. Both empires experienced invasions by the MongolsB. Rivals competed with one another for powerC. Revolutionaries attempted to affect reforms, but their ideas were opposedD. A downturn in agricultural prices displaced small farmers, thus leading to the

emergence of a poor and disaffected urban population.E. Neither empire had a clear policy on the succession of the ruler

MULTI What was the major difference between Marxist theory and Lenin’s view of it?A. Marx saw no limitation to the use of violence to impose his economic theories, whereas Lenin took a more cautious view, believing that political tools should be used firstB. Lenin believed that the proletarian revolution could occur without the middle-

class phase, whereas Marx saw a more orderly progression through several phasesC. Marx understood that the proletarian revolution could occur without

industrialization, whereas Lenin did notD. Neither man understood that the Russian peasantry was a group that could be

cultivated to support a revolutionary movement

E. Marx believed in the need for small groups of committed revolutionaries, known as cells, who could carry out revolutionary activities, whereas Lenin discounted the usefulness of such groups.