AP World HistoryChapter 32

Latin America: Revolution and Reaction into the 20th Century

Mexico and the 20th Century• Mexican Dictator who almost allowed

free democratic elections.• Cast his political opponent into jail. Porfirio Diaz

• Pancho Villa

• Leader of the Northern Resistance

• Emiliano Zapata• Leader of the Southern Resistance• “Tierra y Libertad”• “Land and Bread”

“It is better to die on you feet than to live on your knees” ~ Zapata

• Alvaro Obregon• Ended the Civil War• Used Modern Military

Tactics

Culture & Politics

• -Diego Rivera• -Cristeros• -PRI• -NAFTA

Getulio Vargas: Brazil-Admired Mussolini & the Fascist ideas-Imposed a constitution in 1937-Eventually sided with the Allies in WWII (1942)-Gained important industrial, technological and military aid from the US-Deposed in 1945 but remained in and out of politics till his suicide in 1954

Juan & Eva Peron: Argentina-Populist support-Eva (Evita) was popular among the poor and working classes-Authoritarian regime-Openly admired Hitler & Mussolini but did not join WWII-In and out of politics until his death in 1974

-United Fruit Company & other foreign interests clashed with Guatemala’s new mildly socialist government.-USA backs a rebel force to topple “Communists” 1954

Cuban Revolution

Fulgencio Batista

Rebel leaders Che Guevara & Fidel Castro

Liberation Theology- Catholic Theology Combined with socialist principles.

Military Dictatorships- Authoritarian, Pro-USA regimes marked by opposition to Communism but corrupt & oppressive.

Salvador Allende Augusto Pinochet

Panamanian Dictator Manuel Noriega: US Ally to US Prisoner 1989

Resurgent Democracy 1990s-2000s

Lula: Brasil

Morales:Bolivia

Chavez: Venezuela

U.S. Military Interventions, 1898-2000

NAFTA• The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an

agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. It superseded the Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada. In terms of combined GDP of its members, as of 2010 the trade bloc is the largest in the world.