ap urban land use recap and renewal
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What are the main characteristics of a CBD?
How many characteristics of a CBD can you spot in the next four slides?
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What typical characteristics of a CBD are shown here?
The Tallest Buildings Why? Public Buildings eg. Corn
Exchange / Town Hall
Busy – lots of pedestrians
Markets
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What typical characteristics of a CBD are shown here?
Purpose built shopping centres providing
undercover shopping experience
Big Department Stores and National Chain Stores –
why?
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What typical characteristics of a CBD are shown here?
Public Buildings eg. Corn Exchange / Town Hall
Very accessible – public transport & traffic
management required due to congestion.
Historic/ old street pattern – often some narrow streets
Some of the oldest buildings
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What typical characteristics of a CBD are shown here?
Entertainment – e.g. restaurants
Entertainment e.g. cinemas (although increasingly these are
moving further out of town)
Entertainment e.g. pubs
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THE INNER CITY (ZONE 2)Also known as the Twilight or Transition
Zone
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Typical style of housing in the Inner City
Typical aerial view of an Inner City Area
Zone 2 of the Urban Land-use Model – THE INNER CITY
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When and Why did Inner City Areas Grow up?• Developed during the 19th century – due to rapid expansion of industry (led to the demand for workers)
• As more moved to the cities – there was a demand for low cost houses for the workers
• This resulted in high-density cheap housing (fitting as many houses as possible in a small area
• People had to live close to work due to lack of transport
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What types of land-use are found in Inner City areas?
19th Century Terraced Housing Industry – large factories built during the industrial revolution (now some knocked
down / converted)
Canals and Railways Main Roads (often now ring roads taking traffic out of CBDs)
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Typical Characteristics of Inner City Areas
• High Density Housing
• Mainly terraced (some back to back)
• Built in Long Straight Rows
• Front doors opening onto the street
• Few Amenities (little or no sanitation (often built with toilet in Back Yard
• Mainly Ethnic Minorities, students, older people and unemployed (lower income groups)
• Mainly private / rented
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Reasons for Growth of the Suburbs
1. Better public transport and increased car ownership meant people could separate work from where they live.
2. Building societies provided mortgages making it easier to buy homes
3. People were better off and looking for a better living environment.
INNER AND OUTER SUBURBS
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RURAL-URBAN FRINGE
This has lead to conflict due to different land-uses wanting to locate here (see diagram for examples)
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APPLYING THE LAND-USE MODEL TO ST IVES
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CBD Inner City Inner Suburbs Outer Suburbs Industry
Tallest Buildings
Shops
Entertainment
High Land Values
High Density
Terraced Housing
Some old factories
Semi-detached housing
Some greenery
Gardens
Low density housing
Large detached houses
Garages
Gardens
Rural-urban fringe
Industry
Retail Units
Car parking space
URBAN LAND-USE TRANSECT IN ST IVES
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Problems in Inner City Areas (since 1950s / 1950s)
1. Industrial Decline (see other notes)
2. High unemployment
3. Abandoned Warehouses – eyesore and led to vandalism
4. High Crime Rates
5. Poor Quality Housing
6. Overcrowding
7. Lack of Open Space
8. Lack of Parking Spaces
9. Atmospheric Pollution (factories / traffic)
10. Lots of heavy traffic (for industry)
•Look at p21 and see what problems are associated with the inner city.