AP UNITED STATES HISTORY3RD QUARTER PROJECT

Kyle Vander Heiden

Unit 3: The New Nation Chapter 6: The Constitution

and the New Republic Chapter 7: The Jeffersonian

Era

Political Constitutional Convention (May-Sept. 1787)

55 delegates from 12 states at Independence Hall Virginia vs New Jersey

Virginia Plan (James Madison): legislature consisting of upper and lower houses; number of representatives based on population and money

New Jersey Plan (William Patterson): one house legislature with more power; equal voting for every state

Based on Compromise Commerce Compromise: federal government regulates

commerce 3/5 Compromise: slaves count as 3/5 a person Slave Trade Compromise: no action taken on slavery for 20

years Great Compromise: executive is single person chosen by

electoral college; legislature is bicameral with lower house based on population and upper house gets 2 representatives from each state

Political (cont.)

Federalists vs. Antifederalists George Washington inaugerated April 30, 1789 Bill of rights added to the Constitution in 1791 Presidential Cabinet is formed Federalists became a political party headed by Alexander

Hamilton Republican Party formed in opposition to Federalist party Bank of the United States started in 1791 Jay’s Treaty: established American sovereignty over

northwest and formed a trade relationship with Britain Pinckney’s Treaty: America gained right to use Miss. River

from Spain; changed boundary of Florida; required Spain to prohibit Indians in Florida from attacking America

Political (cont.)

Washington’s Farewell Address John Adams (Federalist) won election of 1796 Alien Act Sedition Act Thomas Jefferson (Republican) won election of 1800 Judiciary Act of 1801 Jefferson reelected in 1804 James Madison elected in 1808 Hartford Convention: New England considered

secession because of unhappiness with the War of 1812

Ideological

Federalism: belief in strong federal government Alexander Hamilton

Antifederalism: belief in weak federal government Thomas Jefferson

Religious

The Second Great Awakening Accelerated growth of many different

religions Spread to African Americans and Native

Americans

Artistic

Americans were looking to establish a unique national culture

Noah Webster: created an American dictionary

Washington Irving: famous author of the time

Technological

Some advances in medicine Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin

in 1793 Steamboat invented Turnpikes built across nation

Economic

National debt cut in half by Jefferson National bank established in 1791 Increase in shipping

Social

Rise in education 3/5 Compromise Large cities began to appear and

grow such as Philadelphia and New York

Supreme Court Cases

John Marshall: prominent Supreme Court justice of the time; established the importance of the Judiciary Branch

Marbury v. Madison: established the use of judicial review by the Supreme Court

People

Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson George Washington James Madison John Adams John Marshall Lewis and Clark William Henry Harrison Henry Clay John Calhoun Andrew Jackson John Jay

Foreign

Louisiana Purchase for $15 million Impressment used by Britain to gain soldiers Britain claimed right to search American

ships for deserters America enacted embargo in response to

conflict between France and Britain Non-Intercourse Act: prevented trade with

France and Britain Conflict between white settlers and Native

Americans (William Henry Harrison vs Tecumseh)

Foreign

War of 1812 Britain invaded Washington D.C. on Aug. 24, 1814 and

burned it Battle of New Orleans won by Andrew Jackson after

peace treaty was signed Treaty of Ghent ended war on Dec. 24, 1814 Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817): disarmament of Great

Lakes Barbary Wars fought against Barbary pirates

from North Africa Naval battles Resulted in formation of the Navy Department in 1798

Unit 7: The Gilded Age Chapter 16: The Conquest of

the Far West Chapter 17: Industrial

Supremacy Chapter 18: The Age of the City Chapter 19: From Stalemate to

Crisis

Political

Rise of political machines in urban areas Higher voter turnout and increased voter loyalty two

political parties Stalwarts and Half-Breeds: competing Republican factions James Garfield (Republican) elected 1880 Chester Arthur took office after Garfield was assassinated Pendleton Act: first national civil service act Grover Cleveland (Democrat) elected 1884 Benjamin Harrison (Republican) elected 1888 Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) McKinley tariff Grover Cleveland reelected 1892

Political

Rise of p0pulist ideals “Cross of Gold” speech delivered by

William Jennings Bryan in opposition to gold standard

William McKinley (Republican) elected 1896

Currency Act of 1900 confirmed gold standard

Ideological

Populism began with farmers and quickly gained popularity Free Silver System of subtreasuries Abolition of the national bank Direct election of U.S. senators Regulation and government ownership of railroads Graduated income tax Inflation of money

Social Darwinism The Self-Made Man

Religious

No major religious factors during this time

Artistic

Rocky Mountain School Romanticizing the West Realism: art and literature movement

showcasing society and poverty Modernism: portrayed social

realities, glorified the ordinary Ashcan School

Technological

Invention of automobile Henry Ford

Invention of airplane Wright Brothers

Expansion of railroads Movies grew in popularity Telegraph

Economic

Growth of steel industry Bessemer process used to turn iron to steel

Assembly Line Large corporations emerged Stock market began Consolidation of Corporations

Horizontal Integration Vertical Integration

Laborers began to strike and demand better working conditions

Economic

Unions including the AFL and the Knights of Labor emerged

Mass consumption because of cheaper prices and higher wages

Panic of 1893 Debate over the gold standard and

free silver

Social

Many Chinese people migrated to California Worked as unskilled laborers Anti-Chinese sentiment Chinese Exclusion Act stopped Chinese

immigration Urbanization Poverty and crime prominent in large cities Rise in leisure because people had more time

Sports, movies, music, literature Growth of public education

Supreme Court Cases

No major supreme court cases during this time

People

Henry Ford Samuel Gompers (AFL) John D. Rockefeller/ Andrew Carnegie William Tweed (Tammany Hall) James Garfield Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison William McKinley William Jennings Bryan

Foreign

Indian Relations Government policies towards tribes

changed Fighting between white settlers and

Indians Battle of Little Bighorn Wounded Knee Massacre

Dawes Act (1887): eliminated tribal ownership; promoted assimilation