GENDER AND DEVELOPMENTAP Human Geography

Main Idea

Equality between men and women is a sign of development.

In MDC’s, women are more educated, make more $, and have more decision making power.

The opposite is true in LDC’s. Nowhere in the world are women

statistically equal to men.

Measuring Gender Equality

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)

Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)

Same measures as HDI, but centered on gender.

Economic Per capita income M vs. F

Education Females in school vs.

Males in school % literate females vs. %

literate males

Health Life ex. of females vs.

males

Measures the ability of women to participate in the process of improvement.

Economic Per capita income M vs. F % of women professional/

technical jobs

Political % of admin. jobs held by

women % of women in national

parliament

Global GDI

Income

Education

Global GEM

Seats in Parliament

Approaches to Development

To promote development, countries must choose one of two models: Self-Sufficiency International Trade

Self-Sufficiency Approach

Spread investment equally across all sectors of the economy, in all regions of the country.

Whole country develops slowly but evenly.

Urban and rural develop at same pace.

Reducing poverty more important than individual wealth.

Promote national businesses through tariffs, quotas, and subsidies.

Self-Sufficiency Approach: India India provides a case study of an

LDC that used the SSA for many years.

Difficult to import foreign goods Quotas Heavy taxes (2-3X price) Subsides provided struggling

businesses financial support.

Made in India

International Trade Approach A country identifies unique economic

assets. Focus on one thing, do it well, and sell to

the world! Examples? Oil, large/ cheap workforce, location Unequal distribution of wealth, may

benefit MDC’s By the end of the 20th century, adopted

by most LDC’s

Rostow’s Model

5 Step Approach to Intl. Development

1. Traditional Society 2. Pre-conditions for takeoff 3. Takeoff 4. Drive to Maturity 5. Age of Mass Consumption

International Trade Approach: Examples

“The Four Asian Dragons” Lacked natural resources, focused on

manufacturing electronics, clothing, cars (SK)

S. Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong Arabian Peninsula States Profits from oil lead to development Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman,

UAE Both groups sell to MDC’s in NA/ Europe

Four Asian Tigers

Made in South Korea

Hong Kong

Seoul, South Korea