Mr. Allens Notes

U.S. History I 2004-2005Angela Chiang

The Shaping of North America225 million years ago-Pangaea supercontinent 10 million years ago- Rocky Mountains exist Appalachians exist

Continents are separated 2 million years agoan Ice Age envelopes the planet and the water level lowers 35 000 years agothe Bering Land Bridge appears animals cross, followed by nomadic Asian hunters 10 000 years agothe Ice Age ends nomadic people create civilization 10 000 years ago-1492 AD, the population grows to 72 million *only 7-10 million live in North America (South America has better conditions for farming) Powerful Civilizations Aztecs Incas Mayans Iroquois o Over 2000 languages created o Religion o Culture o Farming techniques People who came to America before 1492: -Scandinavians led by Leif Erickson (Newfoundland) -Nomadic Asian hunters -Irish -Africans -Chinese [1492] Columbus discovered the New World (arrived at Hispaola/ Haiti) brought 20 people back-only two survive the ship ride was sent to get more for slavery in mines (creates slavery) Europeans bring smallpox into the Americas [1492] Haitis population totals 3 million [1512] Haitis population totals 12 000 Columbuss discovery affects the futures of three groups: Europeans migrate to the Americas Native Americans dealt with harshly Africans source of labor leads to mass enslaving

ExplorersAmerigo Vespucci [sails for Spain in 1499] [sails for Portugal in 1501] Writes vivid accounts of the East coast of North and South America Mapmakers base their maps on his accounts hence America Vasco Nunez de Balboa [sails for Spain in 1513] First European to set eyes on the Pacific Ocean Says All land that touches the Pacific is Spains

Basis for Spanish claims in America Ferdinand Magellan [sails for Spain from 1519-1522] First to circumnavigate the globe Hernando Cortez [sails for Spain in 1519] Crushes the Aztecs (attack and smallpox) Claims Mexico for Spain Ponce de Lon [sails for Spain in 1513] Explores Florida lays claim of Florida for Spain Looking for gold Francisco Coronado [sails for Spain in 1540] Searches for the fabled cities of gold First European to see the Grand Canyon First European to see herds of buffalo John Cabot [sails for England in 1497] Italian explores the East coast of New England Basis for English claims in the Americas Giovanni de Verrazano [sails for France in 1524] Hudson River and areas of NYC Henry Hudson [sails for the Dutch in 1608?] Hudson Bay and Hudson River Claims Manhattan for the Dutch Jacques Cartier [sails for France in 1534] Explores parts of Canada and claims area for France Hernando de Soto [sails for Spain from 1539-1542] First European to see the Mississippi River

Settling the New WorldSpain Reasons for exploration: Gold Glory God Goods Lay claim to: New Mexico West coast of South America Florida All of Central America Texas

Arizona California [1565] settled the first permanently occupied settlement in the Americas -St. Augustine, FL [1588] Spanish Armada is defeated marks the decline of the Spanish Empire encomienda system and hacienda system places Native Americans in state of slavery France Lay claim to: Canada Areas around the Mississippi [1608] First French settlement Quebec New France [1750]