AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEAP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

POLLUTION NO.2POLLUTION NO.2

AP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONSAP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper. Check your answers by the final slide.

Questions 1-4 refer to the following air pollutants.Questions 1-4 refer to the following air pollutants.a. carbon monoxidea. carbon monoxideb. sulfur dioxideb. sulfur dioxidec. nitrogen dioxidec. nitrogen dioxided. ozoned. ozonee. particulate mattere. particulate matter

1. Which criteria pollutant contributes to the 1. Which criteria pollutant contributes to the creation of industrial smog?creation of industrial smog?

2. Which criteria pollutant is a component of 2. Which criteria pollutant is a component of photochemical smog & acid precipitation?photochemical smog & acid precipitation?

3. Which criteria pollutant can lead to 3. Which criteria pollutant can lead to eutrophication in an aquatic system?eutrophication in an aquatic system?

4. Which criteria pollutant helps to create smog 4. Which criteria pollutant helps to create smog when in the troposphere but protects life from UV when in the troposphere but protects life from UV radiation when in the stratosphere?radiation when in the stratosphere?

5. Which of the following best describes the way carbon 5. Which of the following best describes the way carbon monoxide interacts in the body to cause asphyxiation?monoxide interacts in the body to cause asphyxiation?

a. Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the a. Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the bloodstream, displacing oxygen & preventing it from bloodstream, displacing oxygen & preventing it from binding with the hemoglobin.binding with the hemoglobin.

b. Carbon monoxide is inhaled into the lungs, where it b. Carbon monoxide is inhaled into the lungs, where it replaces oxygen.replaces oxygen.

c. The carbon & oxygen atoms in carbon monoxide c. The carbon & oxygen atoms in carbon monoxide separate, & the carbon bonds with hemoglobin.separate, & the carbon bonds with hemoglobin.

d. Excess carbon monoxide cannot cause d. Excess carbon monoxide cannot cause asphyxiation.asphyxiation.

e. Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen & forms a e. Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen & forms a toxic substance in the body.toxic substance in the body.

6. Endocrine disruption occurs when6. Endocrine disruption occurs when a. heavy metals bioaccumulate in the body.a. heavy metals bioaccumulate in the body. b. an ecosystem is disrupted by the b. an ecosystem is disrupted by the

removal of removal of vegetation.vegetation. c. carbon monoxide replaces a hormone in c. carbon monoxide replaces a hormone in

a a molecule within the body, impeding molecule within the body, impeding the the necessary reaction process.necessary reaction process.

d. a toxin replaces a hormone in a d. a toxin replaces a hormone in a molecule molecule within the body, impeding the within the body, impeding the necessary necessary reaction process.reaction process.

e. allergens over-activate the immune e. allergens over-activate the immune system.system.

7. Which of the following chemical reactions best 7. Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the process of the creation of acid represents the process of the creation of acid precipitation?precipitation?

a. Na. N22 + O + O22 2 NO 2 NO 2NO + O2NO + O22 2NO 2NO22

NONO22 NO + O NO + O O + OO + O22 O O33

NO + ONO + O22 NO NO22 + O + O22

b. Hb. H22SOSO44 + Ca(OH) + Ca(OH)22 CaSO CaSO44 + 2H + 2H22OO c. S + Oc. S + O22 SO SO22

2SO2SO22 + O + O22 2SO 2SO33

SOSO33 + H + H22O O H H22SOSO44

d. C + Od. C + O22 CO CO22

2C + O2C + O22 2CO 2CO S + OS + O22 SO SO22

2SO2SO22 + O + O22 2SO 2SO33

SOSO33 + H + H22O O H H22SOSO44

e. 4FeSe. 4FeS22 + 11O + 11O22 Fe Fe22OO33 + 8SO + 8SO22

8. The most harmful form of water pollution 8. The most harmful form of water pollution affecting human health is affecting human health is

a. an oil spill. a. an oil spill. b. heavy metals.b. heavy metals. c. waterborne diseases & pathogens.c. waterborne diseases & pathogens. d. eutrophication.d. eutrophication. e. thermal pollution.e. thermal pollution.

9. Genetic pollution occurs when9. Genetic pollution occurs when a. speciation occurs.a. speciation occurs. b. mutations occur as cells replicate within an b. mutations occur as cells replicate within an

organism.organism. c. toxins are spread by wind.c. toxins are spread by wind. d. artificial selection is used to select desired d. artificial selection is used to select desired

traits.traits. e. there is an unintended spread of altered e. there is an unintended spread of altered

genetic genetic information from genetically information from genetically engineered organisms engineered organisms to natural organisms.to natural organisms.

10. Which of the following toxins can 10. Which of the following toxins can produce birth produce birth

defects & affect embryo development?defects & affect embryo development?

a. mutagensa. mutagens

b. teratogensb. teratogens

c. allergensc. allergens

d. neurotoxinsd. neurotoxins

e. carcinogense. carcinogens

11. Why can asbestos be lethal?11. Why can asbestos be lethal? a. Small inhaled fibers can get lodged in the lining a. Small inhaled fibers can get lodged in the lining

of of the lungs, which can cause the lungs to the lungs, which can cause the lungs to develop scar develop scar tissue & can cultimately lead to tissue & can cultimately lead to death.death.

b. The gaseous form causes lungs to create acid to b. The gaseous form causes lungs to create acid to combat the invader, which causes the combat the invader, which causes the

development development of scar tissue & can ultimately lead of scar tissue & can ultimately lead to death.to death.

c. It is a mutagen.c. It is a mutagen. d. Asbestos fibers are inhaled & get lodged in the d. Asbestos fibers are inhaled & get lodged in the

throat, causing asphyxiation.throat, causing asphyxiation. e. Asbestos is not lethal but can act as an allergan.e. Asbestos is not lethal but can act as an allergan.

12. Which of the following is a common 12. Which of the following is a common source of source of lead pollution today?lead pollution today?

a. the use of leaded gasolinea. the use of leaded gasoline

b. vehicle emissionsb. vehicle emissions

c. metal processingc. metal processing

d. acid precipitationd. acid precipitation

e. smoge. smog

13. When a factory uses water to help cool its 13. When a factory uses water to help cool its operational processes & then releases operational processes & then releases

this this water into a local river, pollution can water into a local river, pollution can occur occur as which of the following?as which of the following?

a. carcinogensa. carcinogens b. pathogensb. pathogens c. thermal pollutionc. thermal pollution d. heavy metal pollutiond. heavy metal pollution e. cold discharged watere. cold discharged water

14. Based on the cost-benefit analysis curve, which is 14. Based on the cost-benefit analysis curve, which is a a valid reason why marginal costs exceeded valid reason why marginal costs exceeded marginal marginal benefits?benefits?

a. An increase occurred in the cost of production.a. An increase occurred in the cost of production. b. There is potential for an increase in b. There is potential for an increase in

biodiversity.biodiversity. c. Profits are high.c. Profits are high. d. Prices are higher than marginal cost.d. Prices are higher than marginal cost. e. It was pushed in this direction due to an e. It was pushed in this direction due to an

increase in increase in production.production.

15. Based on the cost-benefit analysis curve, at 15. Based on the cost-benefit analysis curve, at which which point on the graph does maximal point on the graph does maximal economic economic efficiency occur?efficiency occur?

a. on the line representing marginal costsa. on the line representing marginal costs b. on the line representing marginal benefitsb. on the line representing marginal benefits c. where marginal costs exceed marginal c. where marginal costs exceed marginal

benefitsbenefits d. at point Ad. at point A e. where marginal e. where marginal benefits exceed benefits exceed marginal costsmarginal costs

ANSWERSANSWERS1. B1. B 9. E9. E2. C2. C 10. B10. B3. C3. C 11. A11. A4. D4. D 12. C12. C5. A5. A 13. C13. C6. D6. D 14. A14. A7. C7. C 15. D15. D8. C8. C