AP BiologyMonday, April 10, 2023

Science as a process of inquiry

Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society

A. Built on repeatable observations & testable, falsifiable hypotheses

B. You question and investigate

A. The core theme to Biology

B. Evolutionary change is a product of the process of natural selection

Organisms don’t adapt; Organisms have adaptations.

2007-2008

-- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973

Geneticist, Columbia University(1900-1975)

C. Evolution explains unity and diversity1. Unitya) what do organisms have in common & why do

similarities exist?i. common biochemistry & physiologyii. evolutionary relationshipsiii. connected through common ancestor

2. Diversitya) But why are there

differences?i. natural selectionii. adaptations allow different

individuals to survive in different environments

A. Organizing systems1. Makes sense of all diversity2. Heirarchy

a) Protons, neutrons, electronsb) Atomc) Molecule

d) Cellse) Tissues, organs, organ systemsf) ORGANISMSg) Species- populations, one kind of speciesh) Communities- multiple kinds of speciesi) Biomesj) Biosphere- everything on Earth

A. Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

EukaryaBacteria Archaea

A. Life is an open system1. Energy Input

a) Must flow in and out constantly

2. Nutrient Inputa) Recycling of nutrients

via carbon, nitrogen, water, and phosphorous cycles

ENTROPY RULES!DECOMPOSERS RULE, too!

nutrients

You think they’re eating…They’re harvestingenergy!

A. Continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA

1. DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from one generation to the next

You can make more,a lot like you!

TRAIT

A. Structure and function and be seen at every level in biology

organism

cell organelle

organ

A. Organisms must maintain a balance1. Maintained through homeostasis2. Feedback driven

a) Monitors and operates only when needed

A. Everything is connected1. Communities and ecosystems are

intertwined with one another

A. Science & technology must function within the rules of society

1. ethics

A. Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge

1. too much to memorize it all2. need to generalize 3. create a framework upon which to

organize new knowledge 4. themes are the key to understanding

the nature of living organisms