ap biology - montgomery isdschools.misd.org/page/download/8641/0/evolutiondarwin.pdf · 1.5...
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AP Biology
2006-2007AP Biology
Evolutionby
Natural Selection
2006-2007AP Biology
"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution."
-- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973
Geneticist, Columbia University
(1900-1975)
AP BiologyTINTORETTO The Creation of the Animals 1550TINTORETTO The Creation of the Animals 1550
AP Biology
But the Fossil record…
AP BiologyLife’s Natural History is a record of Successions & Extinctions
Precambrian,
Proterozoic,
&
Archarozoic
Ediacaran
Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Tertiary
Quaternary
An
ae
rob
ic B
ac
teri
a
Inse
cts
Re
pti
les
Din
osa
urs
Ma
mm
als
Bir
ds
La
nd
Pla
nts
Se
ed
Pla
nts
Pla
nts
Art
hro
po
ds
Ch
ord
ate
s
Ja
wle
ss F
ish
Te
leo
st
Fis
h
Am
ph
ibia
ns
Ph
oto
sy
nth
eti
c B
ac
teri
a
Gre
en
Alg
ae
Mu
ltic
ell
ula
rA
nim
als
Mo
llu
sc
s
1.5
4500
700
63
135
180
225
280
350
400
430
500
570
Flo
we
rin
g
mya
AP Biology
Life has changed & changed the Earth
Living creatures havechanged Earth’s environment, making other life possible
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AP Biology
AP Biology
Armadillos are native to the Armadillos are native to the Americas, with most species Americas, with most species
found in South America.found in South America.
Glyptodont fossils are also Glyptodont fossils are also
unique to South America.unique to South America.
Succession of types
Why should extinct armadillo-like species& living armadillos be found on the same
continent?
AP Biology
Mylodon Mylodon (left)(left) Giant Giant ground sloth ground sloth (extinct)(extinct)
Modern sloth Modern sloth (right)(right)
This wonderful relationship in the same continent between
the dead and the living will…throw more light on the appearance of organic beings on our earth,
and their disappearance from it, than any other class of facts.
AP Biology
LaMarck
� Organisms adapted to their environments
� through acquired traits
�� change in their life timechange in their life time�� Use & DisuseUse & Disuse
organisms lost parts because they did not use them organisms lost parts because they did not use them —— like the missing eyes & digestive system of the like the missing eyes & digestive system of the tapewormtapeworm
�� Perfection with Use & NeedPerfection with Use & Needthe constant use of an organ leads that organ to the constant use of an organ leads that organ to increase in size increase in size —— like the muscles of a blacksmith like the muscles of a blacksmith or the large ears of a nightor the large ears of a night--flying batflying bat
� transmit acquired characteristics to next generation
AP Biology
In historical context� Darwin did not originate the idea of evolution� Geologic theories of Earth’s age & history cleared the
path for evolutionary biologists
…immeasurable time…
AP Biology
Charles Darwin
� 1809-1882
� British naturalist
� Proposed the idea of evolution by natural selection
� Collected clear evidence to support his ideas
AP Biology
Voyage of the HMS Beagle
� Travels around the world
� 1831-1836
� makes many observations of natural world
� main mission of the Beagle was to chart South American coastline
Robert FitzroyRobert Fitzroy
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AP Biology
AP Biology
Voyage of the HMS Beagle
� Stopped in Galapagos Islands
AP Biology
GalapagosOf relatively recent volcanic origin most of animal species on the Galápagos live nowhere else in world, but they resemble species living on South American mainland.
500 miles west of mainland
AP Biology
Unique species
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