a&p 18 ans integration
TRANSCRIPT
Integration of the Autonomic Nervous System
Anatomy and Physiology
L|E|C|O|M Mathew J. Bateman, Ph.D.
Somatic vs. Autonomic
Dual Innervation
Innervation of the HeartSympathetic Effect and Receptor Type
Parasympathetic Effect
Heat rate
and force
Increase (β1, β2) Decreased
Autonomic Vascular ControlSympathetic Effect and Receptor Type
Parasympathetic Effect
Blood vessels
(Vascular smooth muscle)
Vasodilation
(β2) – relaxation
Slight vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
(α1, α2) – contraction
Autonomic Vascular Control
Blood
Endothelial Cells
Vascular Smooth Muscle
Acetylcholine
Blo
od
Ves
sel
Wal
l M
Nitric Oxide-
cGMP
2
Epinephrine
cAMP
-1
Norepinephrine
+High doses
- +Relax (vasodilation) Contract (vasoconstriction)
Blood Vessels without Dual Innervation
Baroreceptor Reflexes
Movie
Innervation of the Respiratory System
Sympathetic Effect and Receptor Type
Parasympathetic Effect
Bronchial Muscle Bronchodilation Relaxation (β2)
Bronchoconstriction
Contraction
Muscus glands Decrease secretion (α1)
No effect
Increase (β2)
Innervation of the Digestive System
Sympathetic Effect and Receptor Type
Parasympathetic Effect
Salivary Glands Thick mucus secretion (α1)
Thin serous secretion
Gastrointestinal motility
Decreased
(α1, α2, β1, β2)
Increased
Gastrointestinal secretion
Decreased (α2) Increased
Liver Glycogen breakdown
(α1, β2)
Glycogen synthesis
Pancreatic enzymes secretion
Decreased (α1) Increased
Pancreatic insulin secretion
Decreased (α2)
Increased (β2)
No effect
Autonomics of
Defecation
Innervation of the Urinary System
Sympathetic Effect and Receptor Type
Parasympathetic Effect
Kidneys Reduce urine output (α1, α2)
Renin secretion (β1)
No effect
Bladder wall No effect Contraction
Internal urethral sphincter
Contraction, urine retention (α1)
Relaxation, urine release
Autonomic Control of Urination
Autonomics and Reproduction
Sympathetic Effect and Receptor Type
Parasympathetic Effect
Penile or clitoral erection
No effect Stimulation
Glandular secretion No effect Stimulation
Orgasm, smooth muscle roles
Stimulation (α1) No effect
Uterus Relaxation (β2)
Labor Contraction (α1)
Innervation of the Integumentary System
Sympathetic Effect and Receptor Type
Parasympathetic Effect
Merocrine sweat glands (cooling)
Secretion (muscarinic) No effect
Apocrine sweat glands (scent)
Secretion (α1) No effect
Piloerector muscles Hair erection (α1) No effect
Innervation of the Eye
Sympathetic Effect and Receptor Type
Parasympathetic Effect
Iris Pupillary dilation (α1) Pupillary constriction
Ciliary muscles and lens
Relaxation for far vision(β2)
Contraction for near vision
Lacrimal (tear) gland None Secretion
Autonomic Control of the Iris